marcellus-第6部分

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and　the　power　of　his　presence　now；　in　his　robe　of　state；　appeared
far　more　terrible　and　severe　than　it　had　done　when　he　was　arrayed　in
armour。　Yet；　reanimated　at　length　by　Marcellus's　rivals；　they　began
their　impeachment；　and　made　an　oration　in　which　pleas　of　justice
mingled　with　lamentation　and　complaint；　the　sum　of　which　was；　that
being　allies　and　friends　of　the　people　of　Rome；　they　had；
notwithstanding；　suffered　things　which　other　commanders　had
abstained　from　inflicting　upon　enemies。　To　this　Marcellus　answered
that　they　had　committed　many　acts　of　hostility　against　the　people　of
Rome；　and　had　suffered　nothing　but　what　enemies　conquered　and　captured
in　war　cannot　possibly　be　protected　from　suffering：　that　it　was
their　own　fault　they　had　been　made　captives；　because　they　refused　to
give　ear　to　his　frequent　attempts　to　persuade　them　by　gentle　means：
neither　were　they　forced　into　war　by　the　power　of　tyrants；　but　had
rather　chosen　the　tyrants　themselves　for　the　express　object　that
they　might　make　war。　The　orations　ended；　and　the　Syracusans；　according
to　the　custom；　having　retired；　Marcellus　left　his　colleague　to　ask　the
sentences；　and；　withdrawing　with　the　Syracusans；　stayed　expecting　at
the　doors　of　the　senate…house；　not　in　the　least　discomposed　in　spirit；
either　with　alarm　at　the　accusation；　or　by　anger　against　the
Syracusans；　but　with　perfect　calmness　and　serenity　attending　the　issue
of　the　cause。　The　sentences　at　length　being　all　asked；　and　a　decree　of
the　senate　made　in　vindication　of　Marcellus；　the　Syracusans；　with
tears　flowing　from　their　eyes；　cast　themselves　at　his　knees；
beseeching　him　to　forgive　themselves　there　present；　and　to　be　moved　by
the　misery　of　the　rest　of　their　city；　which　would　ever　be　mindful
of；　and　grateful　for；　his　benefits。　Thus　Marcellus；　softened　by
their　tears　and　distress；　was　not　only　reconciled　to　the　deputies；　but
ever　afterwards　continued　to　find　opportunity　of　doing　kindness　to　the
Syracusans。　The　liberty　which　he　had　restored　to　them；　and　their
rights；　laws；　and　goods　that　were　left；　the　senate　confirmed。　Upon
which　account　the　Syracusans；　besides　other　signal　honours；　made　a
law；　that　if　Marcellus　should　at　any　time　come　into　Sicily；　or　any
of　his　posterity；　the　Syracusans　should　wear　garlands　and　offer　public
sacrifice　to　the　gods。
　　After　this　he　moved　against　Hannibal。　And　whereas　the　other
consuls　and　commanders；　since　the　defeat　received　at　Cannae；　had　all
made　use　of　the　same　policy　against　Hannibal；　namely；　to　decline
coming　to　a　battle　with　him；　and　none　had　had　the　courage　to　encounter
him　in　the　field　and　put　themselves　to　the　decision　by　the　sword；
Marcellus　entered　upon　the　opposite　course；　thinking　that　Italy
would　be　destroyed　by　the　very　delay　by　which　they　looked　to　wear
out　Hannibal；　and　that　Fabius；　who；　adhering　to　his　cautious　policy；
waited　to　see　the　war　extinguished；　while　Rome　itself　meantime
wasted　away　（like　timid　physicians；　who；　dreading　to　administer
remedies；　stay　waiting；　and　believe　that　what　is　the　decay　of　the
patient's　strength　is　the　decline　of　the　disease）；　was　not　taking　a
right　course　to　heal　the　sickness　of　his　country。　And　first；　the　great
cities　of　the　Samnites；　which　had　revolted；　came　into　his　power；　in
which　he　found　a　large　quantity　of　corn　and　money；　and　three
thousand　of　Hannibal's　soldiers；　that　were　left　for　the　defence。　After
this；　the　proconsul　Cnaeus　Fulvius　with　eleven　tribunes　of　the
soldiers　being　slain　in　Apulia；　and　the　greatest　part　of　the　army　also
at　the　same　time　cut　off；　he　despatched　letters　to　Rome；　and　bade
the　people　be　of　good　courage；　for　that　he　was　now　upon　the　march
against　Hannibal；　to　turn　his　triumph　into　sadness。　On　these　letters
being　read；　Livy　writes　that　the　people　were　not　only　not
encouraged；　but　more　discouraged　than　before。　For　danger；　they
thought；　was　but　the　greater　in　proportion　as　Marcellus　was　of　more
value　than　Fulvius。　He；　as　he　had　written；　advancing　into　the
territories　of　the　Lucanians；　came　up　to　him　at　Numistro；　and；　the
enemy　keeping　himself　upon　the　hills；　pitched　his　camp　in　a　level
plain；　and　the　next　day　drew　forth　his　army　in　order　for　fight。　Nor
did　Hannibal　refuse　the　challenge。　They　fought　long　and　obstinately　on
both　sides；　victory　yet　seeming　undecided；　when；　after　three　hours'
conflict；　night　hardly　parted　them。　The　next　day；　as　soon　as　the　sun
was　risen；　Marcellus　again　brought　forth　his　troops；　and　ranged　them
among　the　dead　bodies　of　the　slain；　challenging　Hannibal　to　solve
the　question　by　another　trial。　When　he　dislodged　and　drew　off；
Marcellus；　gathering　up　the　spoils　of　the　enemies；　and　burying　the
bodies　of　his　slain　soldiers；　closely　followed　him。　And　though
Hannibal　often　used　stratagems；　and　laid　ambushes　to　entrap　Marcellus；
yet　he　never　could　circumvent　him。　By　skirmishes；　meantime；　in　all
of　which　he　was　superior；　Marcellus　gained　himself　such　high　repute；
that；　when　the　time　of　the　Comitia　at　Rome　was　near　at　hand；　the
senate　thought　fit　rather　to　recall　the　other　consul　from　Sicily
than　to　withdraw　Marcellus　from　his　conflict　with　Hannibal；　and　on　his
arrival　they　bid　him　name　Quintus　Fulvius　dictator。　For　the　dictator
is　created　neither　by　the　people　nor　by　the　senate；　but　the　consul
of　the　praetor；　before　the　popular　assembly；　pronounces　him　to　be
dictator　whom　he　himself　chooses。　Hence　he　is　called　dictator；
dicere　meaning　to　name。　Others　say　that　he　is　named　dictator　because
his　word　is　a　law；　and　he　orders　what　he　pleases；　without　submitting
it　to　the　vote。　For　the　Romans　call　the　orders　of　magistrates　Edicts。
　　And　now　because　Marcellus's　colleague；　who　was　recalled　from　Sicily；
had　a　mind　to　name　another　man　dictator；　and　would　not　be　forced　to
change　his　opinion；　he　sailed　away　by　night　back　to　Sicily。　So　the
common　people　made　an　order　that　Quintus　Fulvius　should　be　chosen
dictator：　and　the　senate；　by　an　express；　commanded　Marcellus　to
nominate　him。　He　obeying　proclaimed　him　dictator　according　to　the
order　of　the　people；　but　the　office　of　proconsul　was　continued　to
himself　for　a　year。　And　having　arranged　with　Fabius　Maximus　that；
while　he　besieged　Tarentum；　he　would；　by　following　Hannibal　and
drawing　him　up　and　down；　detain　him　from　coming　to　the　relief　of　the
Tarentines；　he　overtook　him　at　Canusium：　and　as　Hannibal　often　shifted
his　camp；　and　still　declined　the　combat；　he　everywhere　sought　to
engage　him。　At　last；　pressing　upon　him　while　encamping；　by　light
skirmishes　he　provoked　him　to　a　battle；　but　night　again　divided　them
in　the　very　heat　of　the　conflict。　The　next　day　Marcellus　again
showed　himself　in　arms；　and　brought　up　his　forces　in　array。
Hannibal；　in　extreme　grief；　called　his　Carthaginians　together　to　an
harangue：　and　vehemently　prayed　them　to　fight　to…day　worthily　of　all
their　former　success；　〃For　you　see；〃　said　he；　〃how；　after　such　great
victories；　we　have　not　liberty　to　respire；　nor　to　repose　ourselves；
though　victors；　unless　we　drive　this　man　back。〃　Then　the　two　armies；
joining　battle；　fought　fiercely；　when　the　event　of　an　untimely
movement　showed　Marcellus　to　have　been　guilty　of　an　error。　The　right
wing　being　hard　pressed　upon；　he　commanded　one　of　the　legions　to　be
brought　up　to　the　front。　This　change　disturbing　the　array　and
posture　of　the　legions　gave　the　victory　to　the　enemies；　and　there　fell
two　thousand　seven　hundred　Romans。　Marcellus；　after　he　had　retreated
into　his　camp；　called　his　soldiers　together。　〃I　see；〃　said　he；　〃many
Roman　arms　and　bodies；　but　I　see　not　so　much　as　one　Roman。〃　To　their
entreaties　for　his　pardon；　he　returned　a　refusal　while　they　remained
beaten；　but　promised　to　give　it　so　soon　as　they　should　overcome；　and
he　resolved　to　bring　them　into　the　field　again　the　next　day；　that
the　fame　of　their　victory　might　arrive　at　Rome　before　that　of　their
flight。　Dismissing　the　assembly；　he　commanded　barley　instead　of
wheat　to　be　given　to　those　companies　that　had　turned　their　backs。
These　rebukes　were　so　bitter　to　the　soldiers；　that　though　a　great
number　of　them　were　grievously　wounded；　yet　they　relate　there　was
not　one　to　whom　the　general's　oration　was　not　more　painful　and
smarting　than　his　wounds。
　　The　day　breaking；　a　scarlet　toga；　the　sign　of　instant　battle；　was
displayed。　The　companies　marked　with　ignominy　begged　they　might　be
posted　in　the　foremost　place；　and　obtained　their　request。　Then　the
tribunes　bring　forth　the　rest　of　the　forces；　and　draw　them　up。　On　news
of　which；　〃O　strange！〃　said　Hannibal；　〃what　will　you　do　with　this　man；
who　can　bear　neither　good　nor　bad　fortune？　He　is　the　only　man　who
neither　suffers　us　to　rest　when　he　is　victor；　nor　rests　himself　when
he　is　overcome。　We　shall　have；　it　seems；　perpetually　to　fight　with
him；　as　in　good　success　his　confidence；　and　in　ill　success　his
shame；　still　urges　him　to　some　further　enterprise。〃　Then　the　armies
engaged。　When　the　fight　was　doubtful；　Hannibal　commanded　the　elephants
to　be　brought　into　the　first　battalion；　and　to　be　driven　upon　the
van　of　the　Romans。　When　the　beasts；　trampling　upon　many；　soon　caused
disorder；　Flavius；　a　tribune　of　soldiers；　snatching　an　ensign；　meets
them；　and　wounding　the　first　elephant　with　the　spike　at　the　bottom
of　the　ensign　staff；　puts　him　to　flight。　The　beast　turned　around
upon　the　next；　and　drove　back　both　him　and　the　rest　that　followed。
Marcellus；　seeing　this；　pours　in　his　horse　with　great　force　upon　the
elephants；　and　upon　the　enemy　disordered　by　their　flight。　The　horse；
making　a　fierce　impression；　pursued　the　Carthaginians　home　to　their
camp；　while　the　elephants；　wounded　and　running　upon　their　own　party；
caused　a　considerable　slaughter。　It　is　said　more　than　eight　thousand
were　slain；　of　the　Roman　army　three　thousand；　and　almost　all
wounded。　This　gave　Hannibal　opportunity　to　retire　in　the　silence　of
the　night；　and　to　remove　to　greater　distance　from　Marcellus；　who　was
kept　from　pursuing　by　the　number　of　his　wounded　men；　and　removed；　by
gentle　marches；　into　Campania；　and　spent　the　summer　at　Sinuessa；
engaged　in　restoring　them。
　　But　as　Hannibal；　having　disentangled　himself　from　Marcellus；
ranged　with　his　army　round　about　the　country；　and　wasted　Italy　free
from　all　fear；　at　Rome　Marcellus　was　evil　spoken　of。　His　det