rasselas, prince of abyssinia-第13部分

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determines　likewise　　the　direction　of　the　passions；　and　gives　an　inflexible　rigidity　to　　the　manners。　　Long　customs　are　not　easily　broken；　he　that　attempts　　to　change　the　course　of　his　own　life　very　often　labours　in　vain；　　and　how　shall　we　do　that　for　others　which　we　are　seldom　able　to　do　　for　ourselves？〃
〃But　surely；〃　interposed　the　Prince；　〃you　suppose　the　chief　motive　　of　choice　forgotten　or　neglected。　　Whenever　I　shall　seek　a　wife；　it　　shall　be　my　first　question　whether　she　be　willing　to　be　led　by　　reason。〃
〃Thus　it　is；〃　said　Nekayah；　〃that　philosophers　are　deceived。　　There　　are　a　thousand　familiar　disputes　which　reason　never　can　decide；　　questions　that　elude　investigation；　and　make　logic　ridiculous；　　cases　where　something　must　be　done；　and　where　little　can　be　said。　　　Consider　the　state　of　mankind；　and　inquire　how　few　can　be　supposed　　to　act　upon　any　occasions；　whether　small　or　great；　with　all　the　　reasons　of　action　present　to　their　minds。　　Wretched　would　be　the　　pair；　above　all　names　of　wretchedness；　who　should　be　doomed　to　　adjust　by　reason　every　morning　all　the　minute　details　of　a　domestic　　day。
〃Those　who　marry　at　an　advanced　age　will　probably　escape　the　　encroachments　of　their　children；　but　in　the　diminution　of　this　　advantage　they　will　be　likely　to　leave　them；　ignorant　and　helpless；　　to　a　guardian's　mercy；　or　if　that　should　not　happen；　they　must　at　　least　go　out　of　the　world　before　they　see　those　whom　they　love　best　　either　wise　or　great。
〃From　their　children；　if　they　have　less　to　fear；　they　have　less　　also　to　hope；　and　they　lose　without　equivalent　the　joys　of　early　　love；　and　the　convenience　of　uniting　with　manners　pliant　and　minds　　susceptible　of　new　impressions；　which　might　wear　away　their　　dissimilitudes　by　long　cohabitation；　as　soft　bodies　by　continual　　attrition　conform　their　surfaces　to　each　other。
〃I　believe　it　will　be　found　that　those　who　marry　late　are　best　　pleased　with　their　children；　and　those　who　marry　early　with　their　　partners。〃
〃The　union　of　these　two　affections；〃　said　Rasselas；　〃would　produce　　all　that　could　be　wished。　　Perhaps　there　is　a　time　when　marriage　　might　unite　them　…　a　time　neither　too　early　for　the　father　nor　too　　late　for　the　husband。〃
〃Every　hour；〃　answered　the　Princess；　〃confirms　my　prejudice　in　　favour　of　the　position　so　often　uttered　by　the　mouth　of　Imlac；　that　　'Nature　sets　her　gifts　on　the　right　hand　and　on　the　left。'　　Those　　conditions　which　flatter　hope　and　attract　desire　are　so　constituted　　that　as　we　approach　one　we　recede　from　another。　　There　are　goods　so　　opposed　that　we　cannot　seize　both；　but　by　too　much　prudence　may　　pass　between　them　at　too　great　a　distance　to　reach　either。　　This　is　　often　the　fate　of　long　consideration；　he　does　nothing　who　　endeavours　to　do　more　than　is　allowed　to　humanity。　　Flatter　not　　yourself　with　contrarieties　of　pleasure。　　Of　the　blessings　set　　before　you　make　your　choice；　and　be　content。　　No　man　can　taste　the　　fruits　of　autumn　while　he　is　delighting　his　scent　with　the　flowers　　of　the　spring；　no　man　can　at　the　same　time　fill　his　cup　from　the　　source　and　from　the　mouth　of　the　Nile。〃

CHAPTER　XXX　…　IMLAC　ENTERS；　AND　CHANGES　THE　CONVERSATION。

HERE　Imlac　entered；　and　interrupted　them。　　〃Imlac；〃　said　Rasselas；　　〃I　have　been　taking　from　the　Princess　the　dismal　history　of　private　　life；　and　am　almost　discouraged　from　further　search。〃
〃It　seems　to　me；〃　said　Imlac；　〃that　while　you　are　making　the　choice　　of　life　you　neglect　to　live。　　You　wander　about　a　single　city；　　which；　however　large　and　diversified；　can　now　afford　few　novelties；　　and　forget　that　you　are　in　a　country　famous　among　the　earliest　　monarchies　for　the　power　and　wisdom　of　its　inhabitants　…　a　country　　where　the　sciences　first　dawned　that　illuminate　the　world；　and　　beyond　which　the　arts　cannot　be　traced　of　civil　society　or　domestic　　life。
〃The　old　Egyptians　have　left　behind　them　monuments　of　industry　and　　power　before　which　all　European　magnificence　is　confessed　to　fade　　away。　　The　ruins　of　their　architecture　are　the　schools　of　modern　　builders；　and　from　the　wonders　which　time　has　spared　we　may　　conjecture；　though　uncertainly；　what　it　has　destroyed。〃
〃My　curiosity；〃　said　Rasselas；　〃does　not　very　strongly　lead　me　to　　survey　piles　of　stone　or　mounds　of　earth。　　My　business　is　with　man。　　　I　came　hither　not　to　measure　fragments　of　temples　or　trace　choked　　aqueducts；　but　to　look　upon　the　various　scenes　of　the　present　　world。〃
〃The　things　that　are　now　before　us；〃　said　the　Princess；　〃require　　attention；　and　deserve　it。　　What　have　I　to　do　with　the　heroes　or　　the　monuments　of　ancient　times　…　with　times　which　can　never　return；　　and　heroes　whose　form　of　life　was　different　from　all　that　the　　present　condition　of　mankind　requires　or　allows？〃
〃To　know　anything；〃　returned　the　poet；　〃we　must　know　its　effects；　　to　see　men；　we　must　see　their　works；　that　we　may　learn　what　reason　　has　dictated　or　passion　has　excited；　and　find　what　are　the　most　　powerful　motives　of　action。　　To　judge　rightly　of　the　present；　we　　must　oppose　it　to　the　past；　for　all　judgment　is　comparative；　and　of　　the　future　nothing　can　be　known。　　The　truth　is　that　no　mind　is　much　　employed　upon　the　present；　recollection　and　anticipation　fill　up　　almost　all　our　moments。　　Our　passions　are　joy　and　grief；　love　and　　hatred；　hope　and　fear。　　Of　joy　and　grief；　the　past　is　the　object；　　and　the　future　of　hope　and　fear；　even　love　and　hatred　respect　the　　past；　for　the　cause　must　have　been　before　the　effect。
〃The　present　state　of　things　is　the　consequence　of　the　former；　and　　it　is　natural　to　inquire　what　were　the　sources　of　the　good　that　we　　enjoy；　or　the　evils　that　we　suffer。　　If　we　act　only　for　ourselves；　　to　neglect　the　study　of　history　is　not　prudent。　　If　we　are　　entrusted　with　the　care　of　others；　it　is　not　just。　　Ignorance；　when　　it　is　voluntary；　is　criminal；　and　he　may　properly　be　charged　with　　evil　who　refused　to　learn　how　he　might　prevent　it。
〃There　is　no　part　of　history　so　generally　useful　as　that　which　　relates　to　the　progress　of　the　human　mind；　the　gradual　improvement　　of　reason；　the　successive　advances　of　science；　the　vicissitudes　of　　learning　and　ignorance　（which　are　the　light　and　darkness　of　　thinking　beings）；　the　extinction　and　resuscitation　of　arts；　and　the　　revolutions　of　the　intellectual　world。　　If　accounts　of　battles　and　　invasions　are　peculiarly　the　business　of　princes；　the　useful　or　　elegant　arts　are　not　to　be　neglected；　those　who　have　kingdoms　to　　govern　have　understandings　to　cultivate。
〃Example　is　always　more　efficacious　than　precept。　　A　soldier　is　　formed　in　war；　and　a　painter　must　copy　pictures。　　In　this；　　contemplative　life　has　the　advantage。　　Great　actions　are　seldom　　seen；　but　the　labours　of　art　are　always　at　hand　for　those　who　　desire　to　know　what　art　has　been　able　to　perform。
〃When　the　eye　or　the　imagination　is　struck　with　any　uncommon　work；　　the　next　transition　of　an　active　mind　is　to　the　means　by　which　it　　was　performed。　　Here　begins　the　true　use　of　such　contemplation。　　We　　enlarge　our　comprehension　by　new　ideas；　and　perhaps　recover　some　　art　lost　to　mankind；　or　learn　what　is　less　perfectly　known　in　our　　own　country。　　At　least　we　compare　our　own　with　former　times；　and　　either　rejoice　at　our　improvements；　or；　what　is　the　first　motion　　towards　good；　discover　our　defects。〃
〃I　am　willing；〃　said　the　Prince；　〃to　see　all　that　can　deserve　my　　search。〃
〃And　I；〃　said　the　Princess；　〃shall　rejoice　to　learn　something　of　　the　manners　of　antiquity。〃
〃The　most　pompous　monument　of　Egyptian　greatness；　and　one　of　the　　most　bulky　works　of　manual　industry；〃　said　Imlac；　〃are　the　　Pyramids：　　fabrics　raised　before　the　time　of　history；　and　of　which　　the　earliest　narratives　afford　us　only　uncertain　traditions。　　Of　　these　the　greatest　is　still　standing；　very　little　injured　by　time。〃
〃Let　us　visit　them　to…morrow；〃　said　Nekayah。　　〃I　have　often　heard　　of　the　Pyramids；　and　shall　not　rest　till　I　have　seen　them；　within　　and　without；　with　my　own　eyes。〃

CHAPTER　XXXI　…　THEY　VISIT　THE　PYRAMIDS。

THE　resolution　being　thus　taken；　they　set　out　the　next　day。　　They　　laid　tents　upon　their　camels；　being　resolved　to　stay　among　the　　Pyramids　till　their　curiosity　was　fully　satisfied。　　They　travelled　　gently；　turned　aside　to　everything　remarkable；　stopped　from　time　to　　time　and　conversed　with　the　inhabitants；　and　observed　the　various　　appearances　of　towns　ruined　and　inhabited；　of　wild　and　cultivated　　nature。
When　they　came　to　the　Great　Pyramid　they　were　astonished　at　the　　extent　of　the　base　and　the　height　of　the　top。　　Imlac　explained　to　　them　the　principles　upon　which　the　pyramidal　form　was　chosen　for　a　　fabric　intended　to　co…extend　its　duration　with　that　of　the　world：　　　he　showed　that　its　gradual　diminution　gave　it　such　stability　as　　defeated　all　the　common　attacks　of　the　elements；　and　could　scarcely　　be　overthrown　by　earthquakes　themselves；　the　least　resistible　of　　natural　violence。　　A　concussion　that　should　shatter　the　pyramid　　would　threaten　the　dissolution　of　the　continent。
They　measured　all　its　dimensions；　and　pitched　their　tents　at　its　　foot。　　Next　day　they　prepared　to　enter　its　interior　apartments；　and　　having　hired　the　common　guides；　climbed　up　to　the　first　passage；　　when　the　favourite　of　the　Princess；　looking　into　the　cavity；　　stepped　back　and　trembled。　　〃Pekuah；〃　said　the　Princess；　〃of　what　　art　thou　afraid？〃
〃Of　the　narrow　entrance；〃　answered　the　lady；　〃and　of　the　dreadful　　gloom。　　I　dare　not　enter　a　place　which　must　surely　be　inhabited　by　　unquiet　souls。　　The　original　possessors　of　these　dreadful　vaults　　will　start　up　before　us；　and　perhaps　shut　us　in　for　ever。〃　　She　　spoke；　and　threw　her　arms　round　the　neck　of　her　mistress。
〃If　all　your　fear　be　of　apparitions；〃　said　the　Prince；　〃I　will　　promise　you　safety。　　There　is　no　danger　from　the　dead：　　he　that　is　　once　buried　will　be　seen　no　more。〃
〃That　the　dead　are　seen　no　more；〃　said　Imlac；　〃I　will　not　undertake　　to　maintain　against　the　concurrent　and　unvaried　testimony　of　all　　ages　and　of　all　nations。　　There　is　no　people；　rude　or　learned；　　among　whom　apparitions　of　the　dead　are　not　related　and　believed。　　　This　opinion；　which　perhaps　prevails　as　far　as　human　nature　is　　diffused；　could　become　universal　only　by　its　truth：　　those　that　　never　heard　of　one　another　would　not　have　agreed　in　a　tale　which　　nothing　bu