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god the known and god the unknown-及2何蛍

弌傍�� god the known and god the unknown 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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that some parts shall depend upon and be grouped round others�察�as 

in the articulation of a skeleton and the arrangement of muscles�察�

nerves�察�tendons�察�etc。�察�which are attached to it。  To meddle with 

the skeleton is like taking up the street�察�or the flooring of 

one's house�察�it so upsets our arrangements that we put it off 

till whatever else is found wanted�察�or whatever else seems likely 

to be wanted for a long time hence�察�can be done at the same time。  

Another advantage is in the rest which is given to the attention 

during the long hollows�察�so to speak�察�of the waves between the 

periods of resettlement。  Passion and prejudice have time to calm 

down�察�and when attention is next directed to the same question�察�

it is a refreshed and invigorated attention´an attention�察�

moreover�察�which may be given with the help of new lights derived 

from other quarters that were not luminous when the question was 

last considered。  Thirdly�察�it is more easy and safer to make such 

alterations as  experience has proved to be necessary than to 

forecast what is going to be wanted。  Reformers are like 

paymasters�察�of whom there are only two bad kinds�察�those who pay 

too soon�察�and those who do not pay at all。







                           CHAPTER II



                          COMMON GROUND



I HAVE now�察�perhaps�察�sufficiently proved my sympathy with the 

reluctance felt by many to tolerate discussion upon such a 

subject as the existence and nature of God。  I trust that I may 

have made the reader feel that he need fear no sarcasm or levity 

in my treatment of the subject which I have chosen。  I will�察�

therefore�察�proceed to sketch out a plan of what I hope to 

establish�察�and this in no doubtful or unnatural sense�察�but by 

attaching the same meanings to words as those which we usually 

attach to them�察�and with the same certainty�察�precision�察�and 

clearness as anything else is established which is commonly 

called known。



As to what God is�察�beyond the fact that he is the Spirit and the 

Life which creates�察�governs�察�and upholds all living things�察�I can 

say nothing。  I cannot pretend that I can show more than others 

have done in what Spirit and the Life consists�察�which governs 

living things and animates them。  I cannot show the connection 

between consciousness and the will�察�and the organ�察�much less can 

I tear away the veil from the face of God�察�so as to show wherein 

will and consciousness consist。  No philosopher�察�whether Christian 

or Rationalist�察�has attempted this without discomfiture�察�but I 

can�察�I hope�察�do two things�此�Firstly�察�I can demonstrate�察�perhaps 

more clearly than modern science is prepared to admit�察�that there 

does exist a single Being or Animator of all living things ´ a 

single Spirit�察�whom we cannot think of under any meaner name than 

God�察�and�察�secondly�察�I can show something more of the 

persona or bodily expression�察�mask�察�and mouthpiece of this 

vast Living Spirit than I know of as having been familiarly 

expressed elsewhere�察�or as being accessible to myself or others�察�

though doubtless many works exist in which what I am going to say 

has been already said。



Aware that much of this is widely accepted under the name of 

Pantheism�察�I venture to think it differs from Pantheism with all 

the difference that exists between a coherent�察�intelligible 

conception and an incoherent unintelligible one。  I shall 

therefore proceed to examine the doctrine called Pantheism�察�and 

to show how incomprehensible and valueless it is。



I will then indicate the Living and Personal God about whose 

existence and about many of whose attributes there is no room for 

question�察�I will show that man has been so far made in the 

likeness of this Person or God�察�that He possesses all its 

essential characteristics�察�and that it is this God who has called 

man and all other living forms�察�whether animals or plants�察�into 

existence�察�so that our bodies are the temples of His spirit�察�that 

it is this which sustains them in their life and growth�察�who is 

one with them�察�living�察�moving�察�and having His being in them�察�in 

whom�察�also�察�they live and move�察�they in Him and He in them�察�He 

being not a Trinity in Unity only�察�but an Infinity in Unity�察�and 

a Unity in an Infinity�察�eternal in time past�察�for so much time at 

least that our minds can come no nearer to eternity than this�察�

eternal for the future as long as the universe shall exist�察�ever 

changing�察�yet the same yesterday�察�and to´day�察�and for ever。  And I 

will show this with so little ambiguity that it shall be 

perceived not as a phantom or hallucination following upon a 

painful straining of the mind and a vain endeavour ��sic�А�to give 

coherency to incoherent and inconsistent ideas�察�but with the same 

ease�察�comfort�察�and palpable flesh´and´blood clearness with which 

we see those near to us �察�whom�察�though we see them at the best as 

through a glass darkly�察�we still see face to face�察�even as we are 

ourselves seen。



I will also show in what way this Being exercises a moral 

government over the world�察�and rewards and punishes us according 

to His own laws。



Having done this I shall proceed to compare this conception of 

God with those that are currently accepted�察�and will endeavour 

��sic�А�to show that the ideas now current are in truth efforts to 

grasp the one on which I shall here insist。  Finally�察�I shall 

persuade the reader that the differences between the so´called 

atheist and the so´called theist are differences rather about 

words than things�察�inasmuch as not even the most prosaic of 

modern scientists will be inclined to deny the existence of this 

God�察�while few theists will feel that this�察�the natural 

conception of God�察�is a less worthy one than that to which they 

have been accustomed。  





                           CHAPTER III



                           PANTHEISM。  I



THE Rev。  J。  H。  Blunt�察�in his ;Dictionary of Sects�察�Heresies�察�

etc。�察─�defines Pantheists as ;those who hold that God is 

everything�察�and everything is God。;



If it is granted that the value of words lies in the definiteness 

and coherency of the ideas that present themselves to us when the 

words are heard or spoken´then such a sentence as ;God is 

everything and everything is God; is worthless。



For we have so long associated the word ;God; with the idea of a 

Living Person�察�who can see�察�hear�察�will�察�feel pleasure�察�

displeasure�察�etc。�察�that we cannot think of God�察�and also of 

something which we have not been accustomed to think of as a 

Living Person�察�at one and the same time�察�so as to connect the two 

ideas and fuse them into a coherent thought。  While we are 

thinking of the one�察�our minds involuntarily exclude the other�察�

and vice versa�察�so that it is as impossible for us to 

think of anything as God�察�or as forming part of God�察�which we 

cannot also think of as a Person�察�or as a part of a Person�察�as it 

is to produce a hybrid between two widely distinct animals。  If I 

am not mistaken�察�the barrenness of inconsistent ideas�察�and the 

sterility of widely distant species or genera of plants and 

animals�察�are one in principle´sterility of hybrids being due to 

barrenness of ideas�察�and barrenness of ideas arising from 

inability to fuse unfamiliar thoughts into a coherent conception。  

I have insisted on this at some length in ;Life and Habit�察─�but 

can do so no further here。  ��Footnote�此�Butler returned to this 

subject in ;Luck�察�or cunning�拭─�which was originally published in 

1887。



In like manner we have so long associated the word ;Person; with 

the idea of a substantial visible body�察�limited in extent�察�and 

animated by an invisible something which we call Spirit�察�that we 

can think of nothing as a person which does not also bring these 

ideas before us。  Any attempt to make us imagine God as a Person 

who does not fulfil ��sic�А�the conditions which our ideas attach 

to the word ;person�察─�is ipso facto atheistic�察�as 

rendering the word God without meaning�察�and therefore without 

reality�察�and therefore non´existent to us。  Our ideas are like 

our organism�察�they will stand a vast amount of modification if it 

is effected slowly and without shock�察�but the life departs out of 

them�察�leaving the form of an idea without the power thereof�察�if 

they are jarred too rudely。



Any being�察�then�察�whom we can imagine as God�察�must have all the 

qualities�察�capabilities�察�and also all the limitations which are 

implied when the word ;person; is used。



But�察�again�察�we cannot conceive of ;everything; as a person。  

;Everything; must comprehend all that is to be found on earth�察�or 

outside of it�察�and we know of no such persons as this。  When we 

say ;persons; we intend living people with flesh and blood�察�

sometimes we extend our conceptions to animals and plants�察�but we 

have not hitherto done so as generally as I hope we shall some 

day come to do。  Below animals and plants we have never in any 

seriousness gone。  All that we have been able to regard as 

personal has had what we can call a living body�察�even though that 

body is vegetable only�察�and this body has been tangible�察�and has 

been comprised within certain definite limits�察�or within limits 

which have at any rate struck the eye as definite。  And every part 

within these limits has been animated by an unseen something 

which we call soul or spirit。  A person must be a persona´

that is to say�察�the living mask and mouthpiece of an energy 

saturating it�察�and speaking through it。  It must be animate in all 

its parts。



But ;everything; is not animate。  Animals and plants alone produce 

in us those ideas which can make reasonable people call them 

;persons; with consistency of intention。  We can conceive of each 

animal and of each plant as a person�察�we can conceive again of a 

compound person like the coral polypes ��sic�В察�or like a tree 

which is composed of a congeries of subordinate

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