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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及20何蛍

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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of   his   country�察  �promising   to   bring   us   unto   a   mountain   adjoining   to   his 

town that had stones of the colour of gold�察�which he performed。 And after 



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we had rested there one night I went myself in the morning with most of 

the    gentlemen      of  my    company       over´land    towards     the   said   mountain�察�

marching by a river's side called Mana�察�leaving on the right hand a town 

called     Tuteritona�察    �standing     in   the   province      of   Tarracoa�察    �of   which 

Wariaaremagoto   is   principal。   Beyond   it   lieth   another   town   towards   the 

south�察�in the valley of Amariocapana�察�which beareth the name of the said 

valley�察  �whose  plains   stretch   themselves   some   sixty   miles   in   length�察  �east 

and west�察�as fair ground and as beautiful fields as any man hath ever seen�察�

with divers copses scattered here and there by the river's side�察�and all as 

full of deer as any forest or park in England�察�and in every lake and river 

the like abundance of fish and fowl�察�of which Irraparragota is lord。 

     From the river of Mana we crossed another river in the said beautiful 

valley called Oiana�察�and rested ourselves by a clear lake which lay in the 

middle of the said Oiana�察�and one of our guides kindling us fire with two 

sticks�察�we stayed awhile to dry our shirts�察�which with the heat hung very 

wet   and   heavy  on   our   shoulders。 Afterwards   we   sought   the   ford   to   pass 

over towards the mountain called Iconuri�察�where Putijma foretold us of the 

mine。 In this lake we saw one of the great fishes�察�as big as a wine pipe�察�

which   they   call   manati�察  �being   most   excellent   and   wholesome   meat。   But 

after   I   perceived   that   to   pass   the   said   river   would   require   half´a´day's 

march   more�察  �I   was   not   able   myself   to   endure   it�察  �and   therefore   I   sent 

Captain Keymis with six shot to go on�察�and gave him order not to return to 

the port of Putijma�察�which is called Chiparepare�察�but to take leisure�察�and to 

march   down   the   said   valley   as   far   as   a   river   called   Cumaca�察  �where   I 

promised   to   meet   him   again�察  �Putijma   himself   promising   also   to   be   his 

guide。     And    as  they   marched�察     �they   left  the  towns    of   Emperapana       and 

Capurepana on the right hand�察�and marched from Putijma's house�察�down 

the   said   valley   of Amariocapana�察  �and   we   returning   the   same   day   to   the 

river's side�察�saw by the way many rocks like unto gold ore�察�and on the left 

hand a round mountain which consisted of mineral stone。 

     From   hence      we    rowed   down      the   stream�察  �coasting     the  province     of 

Parino。 As   for the   branches of   rivers   which I   overpass in this discourse�察�

those shall be better  expressed   in the description�察 �with the  mountains   of 

Aio�察�Ara�察  �and   the   rest�察  �which   are   situate   in   the   provinces   of   Parino   and 



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Carricurrina。 When we were come as far down as the land called Ariacoa�察�

where   Orenoque   divideth   itself   into   three   great   branches�察  �each   of   them 

being most goodly rivers�察�I sent away Captain Henry Thyn�察�and Captain 

Greenvile   with   the   galley�察  �the   nearest   way�察  �and   took   with   me   Captain 

Gifford�察�Captain Caulfield�察�Edward Porter�察�and Captain Eynos with mine 

own barge and the two wherries�察�and went down that branch of Orenoque 

which is called Cararoopana�察�which leadeth towards Emeria�察�the province 

of Carapana�察�and towards the east sea�察�as well to find out Captain Keymis�察�

whom I had sent overland�察�as also to acquaint myself with Carapana�察�who 

is   one   of   the  greatest   of   all   the  lords   of   the   Orenoqueponi。 And   when   I 

came     to  the   river  of  Cumaca�察     �to  which    Putijma     promised     to  conduct 

Captain Keymis�察�I left Captain Eynos and Master Porter in the said river to 

expect   his   coming�察  �and   the   rest   of   us   rowed   down   the   stream   towards 

Emeria。 

     In   this   branch   called   Cararoopana   were   also   many   goodly   islands�察�

some of six miles long�察�some of ten�察�and some of twenty。 When it grew 

towards   sunset�察  �we   entered   a   branch   of   a   river   that   fell   into   Orenoque�察�

called   Winicapora�察  �where   I   was   informed   of   the   mountain   of   crystal�察  �to 

which in truth for the length of the way�察�and the evil season of the year�察�I 

was not able to march�察�nor abide any longer upon the journey。 We saw it 

afar off�察�and it appeared like a white church´ tower of an exceeding height。 

There falleth over it a mighty river which toucheth no part of the side of 

the mountain�察�but rusheth over the top of it�察�and falleth to the ground with 

so terrible a noise and clamour�察�as if a thousand great bells were knocked 

one against another。 I think there is not in the world so strange an overfall�察�

nor so wonderful to behold。 Berreo told me that there were diamonds and 

other precious stones on it�察�and that they shined very far off�察�but what it 

hath I know not�察�neither durst he or any of his men ascend to the top of the 

said   mountain�察  �those   people   adjoining   being   his   enemies�察  �as   they   were�察�

and the way to it so impassable。 

     Upon   this   river   of   Winicapora   we   rested   a   while�察  �and   from   thence 

marched   into   the   country   to   a   town   called   after   the   name   of   the   river�察�

whereof the captain was one Timitwara�察�who also offered to conduct me to 

the top of the said mountain called Wacarima。 But when we came in first 



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to the house of the said Timitwara�察�being upon one of their said feast days�察�

we found them all as drunk as beggars�察�and the pots walking from one to 

another without rest。 We that were weary and hot with marching were glad 

of the plenty�察�though a small quantity satisfied us�察�their drink being very 

strong   and   heady�察  �and   so   rested   ourselves   awhile。 After   we   had   fed�察  �we 

drew ourselves back to our boats upon the river�察�and there came to us all 

the lords of the country�察�with all such kind of victual as the place yielded�察�

and   with   their   delicate   wine   of   pinas�察  �and   with   abundance   of   hens   and 

other   provisions�察  �and   of   those   stones   which   we   call   spleen´stones。   We 

understood   by   these   chieftains   of   Winicapora   that   their   lord�察  �Carapana�察�

was departed from Emeria�察�which was now in sight�察�and that he was fled 

to Cairamo�察�adjoining to the mountains of Guiana�察�over the valley called 

Amariocapana�察 �being persuaded   by  those   ten  Spaniards   which lay  at   his 

house that we would destroy him and his country。 But after these caciques 

of   Winicapora   and   Saporatona   his   followers   perceived   our   purpose�察  �and 

saw that we came as enemies to the Spaniards only�察�and had not so much 

as   harmed   any  of   those  nations�察 �no�察 �though   we  found   them  to   be   of   the 

Spaniards' own servants�察�they assured us that Carapana would be as ready 

to serve us as any of the lords of the provinces which we had passed�察�and 

that   he   durst   do   no   other   till   this   day   but   entertain   the   Spaniards�察  �his 

country lying so directly in their way�察�and next of all other to any entrance 

that should be made in Guiana on that side。 And they further assured us�察�

that   it   was   not   for   fear   of   our   coming   that   he   was   removed�察  �but   to   be 

acquitted of the Spaniards or any other that should come hereafter。 For the 

province   of   Cairoma   is   situate   at   the   mountain   foot�察  �which   divideth   the 

plains    of   Guiana     from    the  countries     of  the   Orenoqueponi�察       �by   means 

whereof if any should come in our absence into his towns�察�he would slip 

over the mountains into the plains of Guiana among the Epuremei�察�where 

the    Spaniards     durst   not   follow    him   without     great   force。   But   in  mine 

opinion�察�or rather I assure myself�察�that Carapana being a notable wise and 

subtle   fellow�察 �a   man   of   one hundred   years   of   age   and therefore of   great 

experience�察�is removed to look on�察�and if he find that we return strong he 

will be ours�察�if not�察�he will excuse his departure to the Spaniards�察�and say 

it was for fear of our coming。 



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     We therefore thought it bootless to row so far down the stream�察�or to 

seek any farther of this old fox�察�and therefore from the river of Waricapana�察�

which lieth at the entrance of Emeria�察�we returned again�察�and left to the 

eastward those four rivers which fall from the mountains of Emeria into 

Orenoque�察�which are Waracayari�察�Coirama�察�Akaniri�察�and Iparoma。 Below 

those four are also these branches and mouths of Orenoque�察�which fall into 

the   east   sea�察  �whereof   the   first   is   Araturi�察  �the   next   Amacura�察  �the   third 

Barima�察  �the   fourth   Wana�察  �the   fifth   Morooca�察  �the   sixth   Paroma�察  �the   last 

Wijmi。   Beyond   them   there   fall   out   of   the   land   between   Orenoque   and 

Amazons        fourteen    rivers�察 �which     I  forbear   to  name�察   �inhabited     by   the 

Arwacas and Cannibals。 

     It is now time to return towards the north�察�and we found it a wearisome 

way back from the borders of Emeria�察�to recover up again to the head of 

the river Carerupana�察�by which we d

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