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及7何蛍

the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及7何蛍

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




bodies anointed all over with a kind of white balsamum ��by them called 



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curca���察�of which there is great plenty�察�and yet very dear amongst them�察�and 

it is of all other the most precious�察�whereof we have had good experience。 

When they are anointed all over�察�certain servants of the emperor�察�having 

prepared gold made into fine powder�察�blow it through hollow canes upon 

their naked bodies�察�until they be all shining from the foot to the head�察�and 

in   this   sort   they   sit   drinking   by   twenties   and   hundreds�察  �and   continue   in 

drunkenness       sometimes      six  or  seven    days   together。   The    same    is  also 

confirmed   by   a   letter   written   into   Spain   which   was   intercepted�察  �which 

Master Robert Dudley told me he had seen。 Upon this sight�察�and for the 

abundance of gold which he saw in   the city�察�the images of gold in   their 

temples�察  �the   plates�察  �armours�察  �and   shields   of   gold   which   they   use   in   the 

wars�察�he called it El Dorado。 

     After   the death   of   Ordas   and Martinez�察  �and   after   Orellana�察 �who   was 

employed by Gonzalo Pizarro�察�one Pedro de Orsua�察�a knight of Navarre�察�

attempted Guiana�察�taking his way into Peru�察�and built his brigandines upon 

a river called Oia�察�which riseth to the southward of Quito�察�and is very great。 

This    river   falleth  into  Amazons�察     �by   which    Orsua    with   his  companies 

descended�察     �and   came    out   of  that   province    which    is  called   Motilones 

�─�friars;Indians so named from their cropped heads���察�and it seemeth to 

me that this empire is reserved for her Majesty and the English nation�察�by 

reason of the hard   success which all these   and other   Spaniards found in 

attempting the same�察�whereof   I will speak briefly�察�though impertinent   in 

some   sort   to   my   purpose。  This   Pedro   de   Orsua   had   among   his   troops   a 

Biscayan   called Aguirre�察  �a   man   meanly   born�察  �who   bare   no   other   office 

than a sergeant or alferez ��al´faris�察�Arab。horseman�察�mounted officer���此�but 

after   certain   months�察  �when   the   soldiers   were   grieved   with   travels   and 

consumed       with   famine�察   �and    that  no   entrance    could   be   found    by  the 

branches or body of Amazons�察�this Aguirre raised a mutiny�察�of which he 

made himself the head�察�and so prevailed as he put Orsua to the sword and 

all his followers�察�taking on him the whole charge and commandment�察�with 

a purpose not only to make himself emperor of Guiana�察�but also of Peru 

and of all that side of the West Indies。 He had of his party 700 soldiers�察�

and of those many promised to draw in other captains and companies�察�to 

deliver up towns and forts in Peru�察�but neither finding by the said river any 



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passage   into   Guiana�察  �nor   any   possibility   to   return   towards   Peru   by   the 

same Amazons�察  �by   reason   that   the   descent   of   the   river   made   so   great   a 

current�察�he was enforced to disemboque at the mouth of the said Amazons�察�

which     cannot    be   less   than   1��000   leagues     from   the   place   where     they 

embarked。 From thence he coasted the land till he arrived at Margarita to 

the north of Mompatar�察�which is at this day called Puerto de Tyranno�察�for 

that he there slew Don Juan de Villa Andreda�察�Governor of Margarita�察�who 

was father to Don Juan Sarmiento�察�Governor of Margarita when Sir John 

Burgh landed there and attempted the island。 Aguirre put to the sword all 

other in the island that refused to be of his party�察�and took with him certain 

cimarrones ��fugitive slaves�� and other desperate companions。 From thence 

he   went   to   Cumana   and   there   slew   the   governor�察  �and   dealt   in   all   as   at 

Margarita。      He   spoiled    all  the   coast   of   Caracas    and    the   province    of 

Venezuela and of Rio de la Hacha�察�and�察�as I remember�察�it was the same 

year   that   Sir   John   Hawkins   sailed   to   St。   Juan   de   Ullua   in   the   Jesus   of 

Lubeck�察�for himself told me that he met with such a one upon the coast�察�

that rebelled�察�and had sailed down all the river of Amazons。 Aguirre from 

thence landed   about   Santa   Marta   and   sacked it   also�察 �putting   to   death   so 

many as refused to be his followers�察�purposing to invade Nuevo Reyno de 

Granada and to sack Pamplona�察�Merida�察�Lagrita�察�Tunja�察�and the rest of the 

cities of Nuevo Reyno�察�and from thence again to enter Peru�察�but in a fight 

in   the   said   Nuevo   Reyno   he   was   overthrown�察  �and�察  �finding   no   way   to 

escape�察  �he   first   put   to   the   sword   his   own   children�察  �foretelling   them   that 

they should not live to be defamed or upbraided by the Spaniards after his 

death�察�who would have termed them the children of a traitor or tyrant�察�and 

that�察�sithence he could not make them princes�察�he would yet deliver them 

from   shame   and   reproach。   These   were   the   ends   and   tragedies   of   Ordas�察�

Martinez�察  �Orellana�察  �Orsua�察  �and Aguirre。 Also   soon   after   Ordas   followed 

Jeronimo Ortal de Saragosa�察�with 130 soldiers�察�who failing his entrance by 

sea�察�was cast with the current on the coast of Paria�察�and peopled about S。 

Miguel      de  Neveri。    It  was    then   attempted     by   Don    Pedro    de   Silva�察  �a 

Portuguese of the family of Ruy Gomez de Silva�察�and by the favour which 

Ruy Gomez had with the king he was set out。 But he also shot wide of the 

mark�察�for being departed from Spain with his fleet�察�he entered by Maranon 



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or Amazons�察�where by the nations of the river and by the Amazons�察�he was 

utterly   overthrown�察  �and   himself   and   all   his   army   defeated�察  �only   seven 

escaped�察�and of those but two returned。 

     After him came Pedro Hernandez de Serpa�察�and landed at Cumana�察�in 

the West Indies�察�taking his journey by land towards Orenoque�察�which may 

be some 120 leagues�察�but ere he came to the borders of the said river�察�he 

was set upon by a nation of the Indians�察�called Wikiri�察�and overthrown in 

such sort�察�that of 300 soldiers�察�horsemen�察�many Indians�察�and negroes�察�there 

returned   but   eighteen。   Others   affirm   that   he   was   defeated   in   the   very 

entrance      of   Guiana�察    �at  the   first   civil  town     of   the   empire     called 

Macureguarai。 Captain Preston�察�in taking Santiago de Leon ��which was by 

him and his companies very resolutely performed�察�being a great town�察�and 

far within the land�� held a gentleman prisoner�察�who died in his ship�察�that 

was one of the company of Hernandez de Serpa�察�and saved among those 

that   escaped�察  �who   witnessed   what   opinion   is   held   among   the   Spaniards 

thereabouts of the great riches of Guiana�察�and El Dorado�察�the city of Inga。 

Another   Spaniard   was   brought   aboard   me   by  Captain   Preston�察  �who   told 

me in the hearing of himself and divers other gentlemen�察�that he met with 

Berreo's     campmaster       at  Caracas�察   �when    he   came    from    the  borders    of 

Guiana�察  �and   that   he   saw   with   him   forty   of   most   pure   plates   of   gold�察�

curiously   wrought�察  �and   swords   of   Guiana   decked   and   inlaid   with   gold�察�

feathers garnished with gold�察�and divers rarities�察�which he carried to the 

Spanish king。 

     After Hernandez de Serpa�察�it was undertaken by the Adelantado�察�Don 

Gonzalez       Ximenes     de   Quesada�察    �who    was    one   of  the   chiefest   in  the 

conquest   of     Nuevo     Reyno�察  �whose      daughter    and   heir  Don    Antonio     de 

Berreo   married。   Gonzalez   sought         the   passage   also   by   the   river  called 

Papamene�察  �which   riseth   by   Quito�察  �in   Peru�察  �and   runneth   south´east   100 

leagues�察�and then falleth into Amazons。 But he also�察�failing the entrance�察�

returned with the loss of much labour and cost。 I took one Captain George�察�

a Spaniard�察�that followed Gonzalez in this enterprise。 Gonzalez gave his 

daughter to Berreo�察�taking his oath and honour to follow the enterprise to 

the last of his substance and life。 Who since�察�as he hath sworn to me�察�hath 

spent 300��000 ducats in the same�察�and yet never could enter so far into the 



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land as myself with that poor troop�察�or rather a handful of men�察�being in all 

about 100 gentlemen�察�soldiers�察�rowers�察�boat´keepers�察�boys�察�and of all sorts�察�

neither    could    any   of   the  forepassed     undertakers�察    �nor   Berreo    himself�察�

discover the country�察�till now lately by conference with an ancient king�察�

called Carapana ��Caribana�察�Carib land�察�was an old European name for the 

Atlantic   coast near   the   mouth of   the   Orinoco�察 �and   hence   was   applied   to 

one of its chiefs。 Berrio called this district ;Emeria;���察�he got the true light 

thereof。 For   Berreo   came about   1��500   miles   ere he understood aught�察 �or 

could     find  any   passage     or  entrance    into  any   part   thereof�察  �yet  he   had 

experience of all these fore´named�察�and divers others�察�and was persuaded 

of   their   errors   and   mistakings。   Berreo   sought   it   by   the   river   Cassanar�察�

which   falleth   into   a   great   river   called   Pato�此  �Pato   falleth   into   Meta�察  �and 

Meta into Baraquan�察�which is also called Orenoque。 He took his journey 

from Nuevo Reyno de Granada�察�where he dwelt�察�having the inheritance of 

Gonzalez   Ximenes   in   those   parts�察  �he 

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