the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及7何蛍
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bodies anointed all over with a kind of white balsamum ��by them called
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curca���察�of which there is great plenty�察�and yet very dear amongst them�察�and
it is of all other the most precious�察�whereof we have had good experience。
When they are anointed all over�察�certain servants of the emperor�察�having
prepared gold made into fine powder�察�blow it through hollow canes upon
their naked bodies�察�until they be all shining from the foot to the head�察�and
in this sort they sit drinking by twenties and hundreds�察 �and continue in
drunkenness sometimes six or seven days together。 The same is also
confirmed by a letter written into Spain which was intercepted�察 �which
Master Robert Dudley told me he had seen。 Upon this sight�察�and for the
abundance of gold which he saw in the city�察�the images of gold in their
temples�察 �the plates�察 �armours�察 �and shields of gold which they use in the
wars�察�he called it El Dorado。
After the death of Ordas and Martinez�察 �and after Orellana�察 �who was
employed by Gonzalo Pizarro�察�one Pedro de Orsua�察�a knight of Navarre�察�
attempted Guiana�察�taking his way into Peru�察�and built his brigandines upon
a river called Oia�察�which riseth to the southward of Quito�察�and is very great。
This river falleth into Amazons�察 �by which Orsua with his companies
descended�察 �and came out of that province which is called Motilones
�─�friars;Indians so named from their cropped heads���察�and it seemeth to
me that this empire is reserved for her Majesty and the English nation�察�by
reason of the hard success which all these and other Spaniards found in
attempting the same�察�whereof I will speak briefly�察�though impertinent in
some sort to my purpose。 This Pedro de Orsua had among his troops a
Biscayan called Aguirre�察 �a man meanly born�察 �who bare no other office
than a sergeant or alferez ��al´faris�察�Arab。horseman�察�mounted officer���此�but
after certain months�察 �when the soldiers were grieved with travels and
consumed with famine�察 �and that no entrance could be found by the
branches or body of Amazons�察�this Aguirre raised a mutiny�察�of which he
made himself the head�察�and so prevailed as he put Orsua to the sword and
all his followers�察�taking on him the whole charge and commandment�察�with
a purpose not only to make himself emperor of Guiana�察�but also of Peru
and of all that side of the West Indies。 He had of his party 700 soldiers�察�
and of those many promised to draw in other captains and companies�察�to
deliver up towns and forts in Peru�察�but neither finding by the said river any
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passage into Guiana�察 �nor any possibility to return towards Peru by the
same Amazons�察 �by reason that the descent of the river made so great a
current�察�he was enforced to disemboque at the mouth of the said Amazons�察�
which cannot be less than 1��000 leagues from the place where they
embarked。 From thence he coasted the land till he arrived at Margarita to
the north of Mompatar�察�which is at this day called Puerto de Tyranno�察�for
that he there slew Don Juan de Villa Andreda�察�Governor of Margarita�察�who
was father to Don Juan Sarmiento�察�Governor of Margarita when Sir John
Burgh landed there and attempted the island。 Aguirre put to the sword all
other in the island that refused to be of his party�察�and took with him certain
cimarrones ��fugitive slaves�� and other desperate companions。 From thence
he went to Cumana and there slew the governor�察 �and dealt in all as at
Margarita。 He spoiled all the coast of Caracas and the province of
Venezuela and of Rio de la Hacha�察�and�察�as I remember�察�it was the same
year that Sir John Hawkins sailed to St。 Juan de Ullua in the Jesus of
Lubeck�察�for himself told me that he met with such a one upon the coast�察�
that rebelled�察�and had sailed down all the river of Amazons。 Aguirre from
thence landed about Santa Marta and sacked it also�察 �putting to death so
many as refused to be his followers�察�purposing to invade Nuevo Reyno de
Granada and to sack Pamplona�察�Merida�察�Lagrita�察�Tunja�察�and the rest of the
cities of Nuevo Reyno�察�and from thence again to enter Peru�察�but in a fight
in the said Nuevo Reyno he was overthrown�察 �and�察 �finding no way to
escape�察 �he first put to the sword his own children�察 �foretelling them that
they should not live to be defamed or upbraided by the Spaniards after his
death�察�who would have termed them the children of a traitor or tyrant�察�and
that�察�sithence he could not make them princes�察�he would yet deliver them
from shame and reproach。 These were the ends and tragedies of Ordas�察�
Martinez�察 �Orellana�察 �Orsua�察 �and Aguirre。 Also soon after Ordas followed
Jeronimo Ortal de Saragosa�察�with 130 soldiers�察�who failing his entrance by
sea�察�was cast with the current on the coast of Paria�察�and peopled about S。
Miguel de Neveri。 It was then attempted by Don Pedro de Silva�察 �a
Portuguese of the family of Ruy Gomez de Silva�察�and by the favour which
Ruy Gomez had with the king he was set out。 But he also shot wide of the
mark�察�for being departed from Spain with his fleet�察�he entered by Maranon
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or Amazons�察�where by the nations of the river and by the Amazons�察�he was
utterly overthrown�察 �and himself and all his army defeated�察 �only seven
escaped�察�and of those but two returned。
After him came Pedro Hernandez de Serpa�察�and landed at Cumana�察�in
the West Indies�察�taking his journey by land towards Orenoque�察�which may
be some 120 leagues�察�but ere he came to the borders of the said river�察�he
was set upon by a nation of the Indians�察�called Wikiri�察�and overthrown in
such sort�察�that of 300 soldiers�察�horsemen�察�many Indians�察�and negroes�察�there
returned but eighteen。 Others affirm that he was defeated in the very
entrance of Guiana�察 �at the first civil town of the empire called
Macureguarai。 Captain Preston�察�in taking Santiago de Leon ��which was by
him and his companies very resolutely performed�察�being a great town�察�and
far within the land�� held a gentleman prisoner�察�who died in his ship�察�that
was one of the company of Hernandez de Serpa�察�and saved among those
that escaped�察 �who witnessed what opinion is held among the Spaniards
thereabouts of the great riches of Guiana�察�and El Dorado�察�the city of Inga。
Another Spaniard was brought aboard me by Captain Preston�察 �who told
me in the hearing of himself and divers other gentlemen�察�that he met with
Berreo's campmaster at Caracas�察 �when he came from the borders of
Guiana�察 �and that he saw with him forty of most pure plates of gold�察�
curiously wrought�察 �and swords of Guiana decked and inlaid with gold�察�
feathers garnished with gold�察�and divers rarities�察�which he carried to the
Spanish king。
After Hernandez de Serpa�察�it was undertaken by the Adelantado�察�Don
Gonzalez Ximenes de Quesada�察 �who was one of the chiefest in the
conquest of Nuevo Reyno�察 �whose daughter and heir Don Antonio de
Berreo married。 Gonzalez sought the passage also by the river called
Papamene�察 �which riseth by Quito�察 �in Peru�察 �and runneth south´east 100
leagues�察�and then falleth into Amazons。 But he also�察�failing the entrance�察�
returned with the loss of much labour and cost。 I took one Captain George�察�
a Spaniard�察�that followed Gonzalez in this enterprise。 Gonzalez gave his
daughter to Berreo�察�taking his oath and honour to follow the enterprise to
the last of his substance and life。 Who since�察�as he hath sworn to me�察�hath
spent 300��000 ducats in the same�察�and yet never could enter so far into the
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land as myself with that poor troop�察�or rather a handful of men�察�being in all
about 100 gentlemen�察�soldiers�察�rowers�察�boat´keepers�察�boys�察�and of all sorts�察�
neither could any of the forepassed undertakers�察 �nor Berreo himself�察�
discover the country�察�till now lately by conference with an ancient king�察�
called Carapana ��Caribana�察�Carib land�察�was an old European name for the
Atlantic coast near the mouth of the Orinoco�察 �and hence was applied to
one of its chiefs。 Berrio called this district ;Emeria;���察�he got the true light
thereof。 For Berreo came about 1��500 miles ere he understood aught�察 �or
could find any passage or entrance into any part thereof�察 �yet he had
experience of all these fore´named�察�and divers others�察�and was persuaded
of their errors and mistakings。 Berreo sought it by the river Cassanar�察�
which falleth into a great river called Pato�此 �Pato falleth into Meta�察 �and
Meta into Baraquan�察�which is also called Orenoque。 He took his journey
from Nuevo Reyno de Granada�察�where he dwelt�察�having the inheritance of
Gonzalez Ximenes in those parts�察 �he