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life of robert browning(袋荻蒙,下席逓勧)-及21何蛍

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study。; 

     The poem has disastrous faults�察�but is a magnificent failure。 ;Vast as 

night�察─�to borrow a simile from Victor Hugo�察�but�察�like night�察�innumerously 

starred。 



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                                 CHAPTER 6。 



     ;Pippa Passes;�察 �The Ring and the Book;�察 �The Inn Album;�察�these are 

Browning's three great dramatic poems�察�as distinct from his poetic plays。 

All   are   dramas   in   the   exact   sense�察  �though   the   three   I   have   named   are 

dramas   for   mental   and   not   for   positive   presentation。   Each   reader   must 

embody   for   himself   the   images   projected   on   his   brain   by   the   electric 

quality   of   the   poet's   genius�此  �within   the   ken   of   his   imagination   he   may 

perceive scenes not less moving�察�incidents not less thrilling�察�complexities 

of    motive     and   action    not   less   intricately    involved�察    �than    upon    the 

conventional stage。 

     The first is a drama of an idea�察�the second of the immediate and remote 

consequences of a single act�察�the third of the tyranny of the passions。 

     I understand the general opinion among lovers and earnest students of 

Browning's poetry to be that the highest peaks of his genius tower from 

the vast tableland of ;The Ring and the Book;�察�that thenceforth there was 

declension。 But Browning is not to be measured by common estimates。 It 

is easy to indicate�察�in the instances of many poets�察�just where the music 

reaches its sweetest�察�its noblest�察�just where the extreme glow wanes�察�just 

where   the   first   shadows   come   leaping   like   greyhounds�察  �or   steal   almost 

imperceptibly from slow´closing horizons。 

     But   with   Browning�察  �as   with   Shakespeare�察  �as   with   Victor   Hugo�察  �it   is 

difficult    for  our   vision   to  penetrate     the  glow    irradiating    the  supreme 

heights   of   accomplishment。   Like   Balzac�察  �like   Shakespeare   again�察  �he   has 

revealed to us a territory so vast�察�that while we bow down before the sun 

westering   athwart   distant Andes�察  �the   gold   of   sunrise   is   already   flashing 

behind us�察�upon the shoulder of Atlas。 

     It   is   certain   that   ;The   Ring   and   the   Book;   is   unique。   Even   Goethe's 

masterpiece       had   its  forerunners�察    �as   in  Marlowe's       ;Faustus;�察   �and    its 

ambitious offspring�察�as in Bailey's ;Festus;。 But is it a work of art�拭�Here is 

the only vital question which at present concerns us。 

     It is altogether useless to urge�察�as so many admirers of Browning do�察�

that ;The Ring and the Book; is as full of beauties as the sea is of waves。 



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Undeniably it is�察�having been written in the poet's maturity。 But�察�to keep to 

the   simile�察  �has   this   epical   poem   the   unity   of   ocean�拭  �Does   it   consist   of 

separate seas�察�or is it really one�察�as the wastes which wash from Arctic to 

Antarctic�察     �through     zones    temperate      and   equatorial�察    �are   yet   one   and 

indivisible�拭�If it have not this unity it is still a stupendous accomplishment�察�

but it is not a work of art。 And though art is but the handmaiden of genius�察�

what     student     of  Comparative        Literature    will    deny    that   nothing     has 

survived the   ruining   breath   of Time      not   any  intellectual   greatness nor 

any spiritual beauty�察�that is not clad in perfection�察�be it absolute or relative 

 for relative perfection there is�察�despite the apparent paradox。 

     The mere bulk of ;The Ring and the Book; is�察�in point of art�察�nothing。 

One day�察�after the publication of this poem�察�Carlyle hailed the author with 

enthusiastic   praise   in   which   lurked   damning   irony�此   �What   a   wonderful 

fellow   you   are�察  �Browning�此  �you   have   written   a   whole   series   of   `books' 

about what could be summed up in a newspaper paragraph� ─�Here�察�Carlyle 

was   at   once   right   and   wrong。   The   theme�察  �looked   at   dispassionately�察  �is 

unworthy of the monument in which it is entombed for eternity。 But the 

poet looked upon the central incident as the inventive mechanician regards 

the tiny pivot remote amid the intricate maze of his machinery。 Here�察�as 

elsewhere�察     �Browning's       real   subject   is  too   often    confounded       with   the 

accidents of the subject。 His triumph is not that he has created so huge a 

literary monument�察�but rather that�察�notwithstanding its bulk�察�he has made it 

shapely and impressive。 Stress has frequently been laid on the greatness of 

the achievement in the writing of twelve long poems in the exposition of 

one theme。 Again�察�in point of art�察�what significance has this�拭�None。 There 

is no reason why it should not have been in nine or eleven parts�察�no reason 

why�察    �having     been    demonstrated       in  twelve�察    �it  should    not   have    been 

expanded   through   fifteen   or   twenty。   Poetry   ever   looks   askance   at   that 

gipsy´cousin of hers�察 �Tour´de´force;。 

     Of the twelve parts  occupying in all about twenty´one thousand lines 

   the   most   notable   as   poetry   are   those   which   deal   with   the   plea   of   the 

implicated priest�察�Caponsacchi�察�with the meditation of the Pope�察�and with 

the pathetic utterance of Pompilia。 It is not a dramatic poem in the sense 

that    ;Pippa    Passes;     is�察 �for  its  ten   Books     ��the   first  and    twelfth    are 



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respectively introductory and appendical�� are monologues。 ;The Ring and 

the   Book;�察  �in   a   word�察  �consists�察  �besides   the   two   extraneous   parts�察  �of   ten 

monodramas�察�which are as ten huge facets to a poetic Koh´i´Noor。 

     The square little Italian volume�察�in its yellow parchment and with its 

heavy type�察�which has now found a   haven in Oxford�察 �was picked up by 

Browning for a `lira' ��about eightpence���察�on a second´hand bookstall in the 

Piazza San Lorenzo at Florence�察�one June day�察�1865。 Therein is set forth�察�

in full detail�察�all the particulars of the murder of his wife Pompilia�察�for her 

supposed   adultery�察  �by   a   certain   Count   Guido   Franceschini�察  �and   of   that 

noble's   trial�察  �sentence�察  �and   doom。   It   is   much   the   same   subject   matter   as 

underlies   the   dramas   of   Webster�察  �Ford�察  �and   other   Elizabethan   poets�察  �but 

subtlety      of   insight    rather    than    intensity     of   emotion      and    situation 

distinguishes       the  Victorian     dramatist     from   his   predecessors。      The   story 

fascinated Browning�察�who�察�having in this book and elsewhere mastered all 

the   details�察  �conceived   the   idea   of   writing   the   history   of   the   crime   in   a 

series of monodramatic revelations on the part of the individuals more or 

less   directly   concerned。   The   more   he   considered           the   plan  the   more   it 

shaped itself to a great accomplishment�察�and early in 1866 he began the 

most ambitious work of his life。 

     An enthusiastic admirer has spoken of the poem as ;one of the most 

extraordinary feats of which we have any record in literature。; But poetry 

is not mental gymnastics。 All this insistence upon ;extraordinary feats; is 

to be deprecated�此�it presents the poet as Hercules�察�not as Apollo�此�in a word�察�

it is not criticism。 The story is one of vulgar fraud and crime�察�romantic to 

us only because the incidents occurred in Italy�察�in the picturesque Rome 

and Arezzo   of   two   centuries   ago。   The   old   bourgeois   couple�察  �Pietro   and 

Violante      Comparini�察      �manage      to   wed    their    thirteen´year´old      putative 

daughter   to   a   middle´aged   noble   of   Arezzo。   They   expect   the   exquisite 

repute   of   an   aristocratic   connection�察  �and   other   tangible   advantages。   He�察�

impoverished as he is�察�looks for a splendid dowry。 No one thinks of the 

child´wife�察      �Pompilia。     She     becomes      the    scapegoat�察    �when      the   gross 

selfishness of the contracting parties stands revealed。 Count Guido has a 

genius     for   domestic     tyranny。    Pompilia      suffers。   When     she    is  about   to 

become   a   mother   she   determines   to   leave   her   husband�察  �whom   she   now 



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dreads   as   well   as   dislikes。   Since   the   child   is   to   be   the   inheritor   of   her 

parents' wealth�察�she will not leave it to the tender mercies of Count Guido。 

A  young   priest�察  �a   canon   of Arezzo�察  �Giuseppe   Caponsacchi�察  �helps   her   to 

escape。 In due course she gives birth to a son。 She has scarce time to learn 

the full sweetness of her maternity ere she is done to death like a trampled 

flower。 Guido�察�who has held himself thrall to an imperative patience�察�till 

his hold upon the child's dowry should be secure�察�hires four assassins�察�and 

in the darkness of night betakes himself to Rome。 He and his accomplices 

enter  the  house  of   Pietro   Comparini   and   his   wife�察  �and�察 �not   content   with 

slaying them�察�also murders Pompilia。 But they are discovered�察�and Guido 

is caught red´handed。 Pompilia's evidence alone is damnatory�察�for she was 

not slain outright�察�and lingers long enough to tell her story。 Franceschini is 

not foiled yet�察�however。 His plea is that he simply avenged the wrong done 

to   him   by   his   wife's   adulterous   connection   with   the   priest   Caponsacchi。 

But   even   in   the   Rome

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