life of robert browning(袋荻蒙,下席逓勧)-及21何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
study。;
The poem has disastrous faults�察�but is a magnificent failure。 ;Vast as
night�察─�to borrow a simile from Victor Hugo�察�but�察�like night�察�innumerously
starred。
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CHAPTER 6。
;Pippa Passes;�察 �The Ring and the Book;�察 �The Inn Album;�察�these are
Browning's three great dramatic poems�察�as distinct from his poetic plays。
All are dramas in the exact sense�察 �though the three I have named are
dramas for mental and not for positive presentation。 Each reader must
embody for himself the images projected on his brain by the electric
quality of the poet's genius�此 �within the ken of his imagination he may
perceive scenes not less moving�察�incidents not less thrilling�察�complexities
of motive and action not less intricately involved�察 �than upon the
conventional stage。
The first is a drama of an idea�察�the second of the immediate and remote
consequences of a single act�察�the third of the tyranny of the passions。
I understand the general opinion among lovers and earnest students of
Browning's poetry to be that the highest peaks of his genius tower from
the vast tableland of ;The Ring and the Book;�察�that thenceforth there was
declension。 But Browning is not to be measured by common estimates。 It
is easy to indicate�察�in the instances of many poets�察�just where the music
reaches its sweetest�察�its noblest�察�just where the extreme glow wanes�察�just
where the first shadows come leaping like greyhounds�察 �or steal almost
imperceptibly from slow´closing horizons。
But with Browning�察 �as with Shakespeare�察 �as with Victor Hugo�察 �it is
difficult for our vision to penetrate the glow irradiating the supreme
heights of accomplishment。 Like Balzac�察 �like Shakespeare again�察 �he has
revealed to us a territory so vast�察�that while we bow down before the sun
westering athwart distant Andes�察 �the gold of sunrise is already flashing
behind us�察�upon the shoulder of Atlas。
It is certain that ;The Ring and the Book; is unique。 Even Goethe's
masterpiece had its forerunners�察 �as in Marlowe's ;Faustus;�察 �and its
ambitious offspring�察�as in Bailey's ;Festus;。 But is it a work of art�拭�Here is
the only vital question which at present concerns us。
It is altogether useless to urge�察�as so many admirers of Browning do�察�
that ;The Ring and the Book; is as full of beauties as the sea is of waves。
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Undeniably it is�察�having been written in the poet's maturity。 But�察�to keep to
the simile�察 �has this epical poem the unity of ocean�拭 �Does it consist of
separate seas�察�or is it really one�察�as the wastes which wash from Arctic to
Antarctic�察 �through zones temperate and equatorial�察 �are yet one and
indivisible�拭�If it have not this unity it is still a stupendous accomplishment�察�
but it is not a work of art。 And though art is but the handmaiden of genius�察�
what student of Comparative Literature will deny that nothing has
survived the ruining breath of Time not any intellectual greatness nor
any spiritual beauty�察�that is not clad in perfection�察�be it absolute or relative
for relative perfection there is�察�despite the apparent paradox。
The mere bulk of ;The Ring and the Book; is�察�in point of art�察�nothing。
One day�察�after the publication of this poem�察�Carlyle hailed the author with
enthusiastic praise in which lurked damning irony�此 �What a wonderful
fellow you are�察 �Browning�此 �you have written a whole series of `books'
about what could be summed up in a newspaper paragraph� ─�Here�察�Carlyle
was at once right and wrong。 The theme�察 �looked at dispassionately�察 �is
unworthy of the monument in which it is entombed for eternity。 But the
poet looked upon the central incident as the inventive mechanician regards
the tiny pivot remote amid the intricate maze of his machinery。 Here�察�as
elsewhere�察 �Browning's real subject is too often confounded with the
accidents of the subject。 His triumph is not that he has created so huge a
literary monument�察�but rather that�察�notwithstanding its bulk�察�he has made it
shapely and impressive。 Stress has frequently been laid on the greatness of
the achievement in the writing of twelve long poems in the exposition of
one theme。 Again�察�in point of art�察�what significance has this�拭�None。 There
is no reason why it should not have been in nine or eleven parts�察�no reason
why�察 �having been demonstrated in twelve�察 �it should not have been
expanded through fifteen or twenty。 Poetry ever looks askance at that
gipsy´cousin of hers�察 �Tour´de´force;。
Of the twelve parts occupying in all about twenty´one thousand lines
the most notable as poetry are those which deal with the plea of the
implicated priest�察�Caponsacchi�察�with the meditation of the Pope�察�and with
the pathetic utterance of Pompilia。 It is not a dramatic poem in the sense
that ;Pippa Passes; is�察 �for its ten Books ��the first and twelfth are
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respectively introductory and appendical�� are monologues。 ;The Ring and
the Book;�察 �in a word�察 �consists�察 �besides the two extraneous parts�察 �of ten
monodramas�察�which are as ten huge facets to a poetic Koh´i´Noor。
The square little Italian volume�察�in its yellow parchment and with its
heavy type�察�which has now found a haven in Oxford�察 �was picked up by
Browning for a `lira' ��about eightpence���察�on a second´hand bookstall in the
Piazza San Lorenzo at Florence�察�one June day�察�1865。 Therein is set forth�察�
in full detail�察�all the particulars of the murder of his wife Pompilia�察�for her
supposed adultery�察 �by a certain Count Guido Franceschini�察 �and of that
noble's trial�察 �sentence�察 �and doom。 It is much the same subject matter as
underlies the dramas of Webster�察 �Ford�察 �and other Elizabethan poets�察 �but
subtlety of insight rather than intensity of emotion and situation
distinguishes the Victorian dramatist from his predecessors。 The story
fascinated Browning�察�who�察�having in this book and elsewhere mastered all
the details�察 �conceived the idea of writing the history of the crime in a
series of monodramatic revelations on the part of the individuals more or
less directly concerned。 The more he considered the plan the more it
shaped itself to a great accomplishment�察�and early in 1866 he began the
most ambitious work of his life。
An enthusiastic admirer has spoken of the poem as ;one of the most
extraordinary feats of which we have any record in literature。; But poetry
is not mental gymnastics。 All this insistence upon ;extraordinary feats; is
to be deprecated�此�it presents the poet as Hercules�察�not as Apollo�此�in a word�察�
it is not criticism。 The story is one of vulgar fraud and crime�察�romantic to
us only because the incidents occurred in Italy�察�in the picturesque Rome
and Arezzo of two centuries ago。 The old bourgeois couple�察 �Pietro and
Violante Comparini�察 �manage to wed their thirteen´year´old putative
daughter to a middle´aged noble of Arezzo。 They expect the exquisite
repute of an aristocratic connection�察 �and other tangible advantages。 He�察�
impoverished as he is�察�looks for a splendid dowry。 No one thinks of the
child´wife�察 �Pompilia。 She becomes the scapegoat�察 �when the gross
selfishness of the contracting parties stands revealed。 Count Guido has a
genius for domestic tyranny。 Pompilia suffers。 When she is about to
become a mother she determines to leave her husband�察 �whom she now
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dreads as well as dislikes。 Since the child is to be the inheritor of her
parents' wealth�察�she will not leave it to the tender mercies of Count Guido。
A young priest�察 �a canon of Arezzo�察 �Giuseppe Caponsacchi�察 �helps her to
escape。 In due course she gives birth to a son。 She has scarce time to learn
the full sweetness of her maternity ere she is done to death like a trampled
flower。 Guido�察�who has held himself thrall to an imperative patience�察�till
his hold upon the child's dowry should be secure�察�hires four assassins�察�and
in the darkness of night betakes himself to Rome。 He and his accomplices
enter the house of Pietro Comparini and his wife�察 �and�察 �not content with
slaying them�察�also murders Pompilia。 But they are discovered�察�and Guido
is caught red´handed。 Pompilia's evidence alone is damnatory�察�for she was
not slain outright�察�and lingers long enough to tell her story。 Franceschini is
not foiled yet�察�however。 His plea is that he simply avenged the wrong done
to him by his wife's adulterous connection with the priest Caponsacchi。
But even in the Rome