01-fate-及1何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
THE CONDUCT OF LIFE
by Ralph Waldo Emerson
I
FATE
Delicate omens traced in air
To the lone bard true witness bare��
Birds with auguries on their wings
Chanted undeceiving things
Him to beckon�察�him to warn��
Well might then the poet scorn
To learn of scribe or courier
Hints writ in vaster character��
And on his mind�察�at dawn of day��
Soft shadows of the evening lay。
For the prevision is allied
Unto the thing so signified��
Or say�察�the foresight that awaits
Is the same Genius that creates。
_Fate_
It chanced during one winter�察�a few years ago�察�that our cities
wsing the theory of the Age。 By an odd coincidence�察�four or five
noted men were each reading a discourse to the citizens of Boston or
New York�察�on the Spirit of the Times。 It so happened that the
subject had the same prominence in some remarkable pamphlets and
journals issued in London in the same season。 To me�察�however�察�the
question of the times resolved itself into a practical question of
the conduct of life。 How shall I live�拭 �We are incompetent to solve
the times。 Our geometry cannot span the huge orbits of the
prevailing ideas�察�behold their return�察�and reconcile their
opposition。 We can only obey our own polarity。 'Tis fine for us to
speculate and elect our course�察�if we must accept an irresistible
dictation。
In our first steps to gain our wishes�察�we come upon immovable
limitations。 We are fired with the hope to reform men。 After many
experiments�察�we find that we must begin earlier�察 �at school。 But
the boys and girls are not docile�察�we can make nothing of them。 We
decide that they are not of good stock。 We must begin our reform
earlier still�察 �at generation�此�that is to say�察�there is Fate�察�or
laws of the world。
But if there be irresistible dictation�察�this dictation
understands itself。 If we must accept Fate�察�we are not less
compelled to affirm liberty�察�the significance of the individual�察�the
grandeur of duty�察�the power of character。 This is true�察�and that
other is true。 But our geometry cannot span these extreme points��
and reconcile them。 What to do�拭 �By obeying each thought frankly�察�by
harping�察�or�察�if you will�察�pounding on each string�察�we learn at last
its power。 By the same obedience to other thoughts�察�we learn theirs��
and then comes some reasonable hope of harmonizing them。 We are
sure�察�that�察�though we know not how�察�necessity does comport with
liberty�察�the individual with the world�察�my polarity with the spirit
of the times。 The riddle of the age has for each a private solution。
If one would study his own time�察�it must be by this method of taking
up in turn each of the leading topics which belong to our scheme of
human life�察�and�察�by firmly stating all that is agreeable to
experience on one�察�and doing the same justice to the opposing facts
in the others�察�the true limitations will appear。 Any excess of
emphasis�察�on one part�察�would be corrected�察�and a just balance would
be made。
But let us honestly state the facts。 Our America has a bad
name for superficialness。 Great men�察�great nations�察�have not been
boasters and buffoons�察�but perceivers of the terror of life�察�and have
manned themselves to face it。 The Spartan�察�embodying his religion in
his country�察�dies before its majesty without a question。 The Turk��
who believes his doom is written on the iron leaf in the moment when
he entered the world�察�rushes on the enemy's sabre with undivided
will。 The Turk�察�the Arab�察�the Persian�察�accepts the foreordained
fate。
;On two days�察�it steads not to run from thy grave��
The appointed�察�and the unappointed day��
On the first�察�neither balm nor physician can save��
Nor thee�察�on the second�察�the Universe slay。;
The Hindoo�察�under the wheel�察�is as firm。 Our Calvinists�察�in
the last generation�察�had something of the same dignity。 They felt
that the weight of the Universe held them down to their place。 What
could _they_ do�拭 �Wise men feel that there is something which cannot
be talked or voted away�察 �a strap or belt which girds the world。
;The Destiny�察�minister general��
That executeth in the world o'er all��
The purveyance which God hath seen beforne��
So strong it is�察�that tho' the world had sworn
The contrary of a thing by yea or nay��
Yet sometime it shall fallen on a day
That falleth not oft in a thousand year��
For�察�certainly�察�our appetites here��
Be it of war�察�or peace�察�or hate�察�or love��
All this is ruled by the sight above。;
Chaucer�此�_The Knighte's Tale。_
The Greek Tragedy expressed the same sense�此 �Whatever is fated��
that will take place。 The great immense mind of Jove is not to be
transgressed。;
Savages cling to a local god of one tribe or town。 The broad
ethics of Jesus were quickly narrowed to village theologies�察�which
preach an election or favoritism。 And�察�now and then�察�an amiable
parson�察�like Jung Stilling�察�or Robert Huntington�察�believes in a
pistareen´Providence�察�which�察�whenever the good man wants a dinner��
makes that somebody shall knock at his door�察�and leave a half´dollar。
But Nature is no sentimentalist�察 �does not cosset or pamper us。 We
must see that the world is rough and surly�察�and will not mind
drowning a man or a woman�察�but swallows your ship like a grain of
dust。 The cold�察�inconsiderate of persons�察�tingles your blood��
benumbs your feet�察�freezes a man like an apple。 The diseases�察�the
elements�察�fortune�察�gravity�察�lightning�察�respect no persons。 The way
of Providence is a little rude。 The habit of snake and spider�察�the
snap of the tiger and other leapers and bloody jumpers�察�the crackle
of the bones of his prey in the coil of the anaconda�察 �these are in
the system�察�and our habits are like theirs。 You have just dined��
and�察�however scrupulously the slaughter´house is concealed in the
graceful distance of miles�察�there is complicity�察 �expensive races��
race living at the expense of race。 The planet is liable to
shocks from comets�察�perturbations from planets�察�rendings from
earthquake and volcano�察�alterations of climate�察�precessions of
equinoxes。 Rivers dry up by opening of the forest。 The sea changes
its bed。 Towns and counties fall into it。 At Lisbon�察�an earthquake
killed men like flies。 At Naples�察�three years ago�察�ten thousand
persons were crushed in a few minutes。 The scurvy at sea�察�the sword
of the climate in the west of Africa�察�at Cayenne�察�at Panama�察�at New
Orleans�察�cut off men like a massacre。 Our western prairie shakes
with fever and ague。 The cholera�察�the small´pox�察�have proved as
mortal to some tribes�察�as a frost to the crickets�察�which�察�having
filled the summer with noise�察�are silenced by a fall of the
temperature of one night。 Without uncovering what does not concern
us�察�or counting how many species of parasites hang on a bombyx�察�or
groping after intestinal parasites�察�or infusory biters�察�or the
obscurities of alternate generation�察 �the forms of the shark�察�the
_labrus_�察�the jaw of the sea´wolf paved with crushing teeth�察�the
weapons of the grampus�察�and other warriors hidden in the sea�察 �are
hints of ferocity in the interiors of nature。 Let us not deny it up
and down。 Providence has a wild�察�rough�察�incalculable road to its
end�察�and it is of no use to try to whitewash its huge�察�mixed
instrumentalities�察�or to dress up that terrific benefactor in a clean
shirt and white neckcloth of a student in divinity。
Will you say�察�the disasters which threaten mankind are
exceptional�察�and one need not lay his account for cataclysms every
day�拭 �Aye�察�but what happens once�察�may happen again�察�and so long as
these strokes are not to be parried by us�察�they must be feared。
But these shocks and ruins are less destructive to us�察�than the
stealthy power of other laws which act on us daily。 An expense of
ends to means is fate�察 �organization tyrannizing over character。
The menagerie�察�or forms and powers of the spine�察�is a book of fate��
the bill of the bird�察�the skull of the snake�察�determines tyrannically
its limits。 So is the scale of races�察�of temperaments�察�so is sex�察�so
is climate�察�so is the reaction of talents imprisoning the vital power
in certain directions。 Every spirit makes its house�察�but afterwards
the house confines the spirit。
The gross lines are legible to the dull�此�the cabman is
phrenologist so far�此�he looks in your face to see if his shilling is
sure。 A dome of brow denotes one thing�察�a pot´belly another�察�a
squint�察�a pug´nose�察�mats of hair�察�the pigment of the epidermis��
betray character。 People seem sheathed in their tough organization。
Ask Spurzheim�察�ask the doctors�察�ask Quetelet�察�if temperaments decide
nothing�拭�or if there be any´thing they do not decide�拭 �Read the
description in medical books of the four temperaments�察�and you will
think you are reading your own thoughts which you had not yet told。
Find the part which black eyes�察�and which blue eyes�察�play severally
in the company。 How shall a man escape from his ancestors�察�or draw
off from his veins the black drop which he drew from his father's or
his mother's life�拭 �It often appears in a family�察�as if all the
qualities of the progenitors were potted in several jars�察 �some
ruling quality in each son or daughter of the house�察 �and sometimes
the unmixed temperament�察�the rank unmitigated elixir�察�the family
vice�察�is drawn off in a separate individual�察�and the others are
proportionally relieved。 We sometimes see a change of expression in
our companion�察�and say�察�his father�察�or his mother�察�comes to the
windows of his eyes�察�and sometimes a remote relative。 In different
hours�察�a man rep