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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及38何蛍

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actually was and taking from us elements which were not part of it。 One 

can sympathize with the eloquent Dr。 Storrs�察�who declared�察�in an address 

in 1879�察�that he was against any new version because of the history of the 

King James version�察�describing it as a great oak with roots running deep 

and branches spreading wide。 He declared we were not ready to give it up 

for any modern tulip´tree。 There is something in that�察�though such figures 

are   not   always   good   argument。   Yet   the   value   to   any   book   of   a   worthy 

translation   is   beyond   calculation。   The   outstanding   literary   illustration   of 

that   fact   is  familiar。   The   Rubaiyat     of  Omar     Khayyam       lay  in  Persian 

literature and in different English translations long before Fitzgerald made 

it a household classic for literary people。 The translator made the book for 

us in more marked way than the original writer did。 In somewhat the same 

way the King James version gave to the English´speaking people the Bible�察�

and no other version has taken its place。 

     Yet   that   was   not   a   mistaken   move   nearly   forty   years   ago�察  �when   the 

revision of the King James version was proposed and undertaken。 Thirty 

years ago ��1881�� it was completed in what we ordinarily call the Revised 

Version�察  �and   ten   years   ago   ��1901��   the   American   form   of   that   Revised 

Version   appeared。   Few   things   could   more   definitely   prove   the   accepted 

place of the King James version than the fact that we seem to hear less to´ 

day   of   the   Revised   Version   than   we   used   to   hear�察  �and   that�察  �while   the 

American   Revised   Version   is   incomparably   the   best   in   existence   in   its 

reproduction of the original�察�even it makes way slowly。 In less than forty 

years the King James version crowded all its competitors off the field。 The 

presence of the Revised Version of 1881 has not appreciably affected the 

sales   or   the   demand   for   the   King   James   version。   In   the   minds   of   most 

people     the   English     and   the   American      revisions     stand   as   admirable 

commentaries on the King James version。 If one wishes to know wherein 

the King James version failed of representing the original�察�he will learn it 

better from those versions than from any number of commentaries�察�but the 

number of those to whom one or other of the versions has supplanted the 

King James version is not so large as might have been expected。 



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     There were several reasons for a new English version of the Bible。 It 

was�察�of course�察�no indignity to the King James version。 Those translators 

frankly said that they had no hope to make a final version of the Scriptures。 

It   would   be   very   strange   if   in   three   hundred   years   language   should   not 

have grown by reason of the necessities of the race that used it�察�so that at 

some   points   a   book   might   be   outgrown。   In   another   lecture   it   has   been 

intimated that the English Bible�察�by reason of its constant use�察�has tended 

to fix and confirm the English language。 But no one book�察�nor any set of 

books�察  �could   confine   a   living   tongue。   Some   of   the   reasons   for   a   new 

version which give value to these two revisions may be mentioned。 

     1。   Though   the   King   James   version   was   made   just   after   the   literary 

renaissance�察�the classical learning of to´day is far in advance of that day。 

The King James version is occasionally defective in its use of tenses and 

verbs in the Greek and also in the Hebrew。 We have Greek and Hebrew 

scholars who are able more exactly to reproduce in English the meaning of 

the original。 It would be strange if that were not so。 

     2。   Then   there   have   been   new   and   important   discoveries   of   Biblical 

literature which date earlier in Christian history than any our fathers knew 

three hundred years ago。 In some instances those earlier discoveries have 

shown   that   a   phrase   here   or   there   has   been   wrongly  introduced   into   the 

text。 There has been no marked instance where a phrase was added by the 

revisers�察  �that   is�察  �a  phrase   dropped   out   of   the   original   and   now   replaced。 

One  illustration   of   the  omission of   a  phrase   will be   enough。   In   the   fifth 

chapter   of   I John   the   seventh   verse   reads�此   �For there   are three   that   bear 

record   in   heaven�察  �the   Father�察  �the   Word�察  �and   the   Holy   Ghost�察  �and   these 

three are one。; In the revised versions it is omitted�察�because it seems quite 

certain   that it   was   not in the  original   writing。  It   does   not   at   all   alter   the 

meaning   of   Scripture。   While   it   appears   in   most   of   the   best   manuscripts 

which were available   for the King James translators�察�earlier   manuscripts 

found since that time have shown that it was formerly written at the side as 

a gloss�察�and was by some transcriber set over in the text itself。 The process 

of    making     the   early    manuscripts      shows     how     easily   that   could    have 

occurred。 Let us suppose that two or three manuscripts were being made at 

once by different copyists。 One was set to read the original�察�as he read�察�the 



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others wrote。 It would be easy to suppose that he might read this marginal 

reference as a suitable commentary on the text�察�and that one or more of the 

writers could have written it in the text。 It could easily happen also that a 

copyist�察�even seeing where it stood�察�might suppose it had been omitted by 

the earlier copyist�察�and that he had completed his work by putting it on the 

margin。   So   the   next   copyist   would   put   it   into   his   own   text。   Once   in   a 

manuscript�察       �it  would     readily     become      part    of   the   accepted      form。 

Discoveries that bring that sort of thing to light are of value in giving us an 

accurate version of the original Bible。 

     3。 Then there are in our King James version a few archaic and obsolete 

phrases。     We    have    already    spoken     of  them。    Most    of   them    have    been 

avoided      in  the   revised    versions。     The    neuter   possessive      pronoun�察    �for 

example�察  �has   been   put   in。   Animal   names   have   been   clarified�察  �obsolete 

expressions have been replaced by more familiar ones�察�and so on。 

     4。 Then there were certain inaccuracies in the King James version。 The 

fact is familiar that they transliterated certain words which they could not 

well   translate。   In   the   revised   versions   that   has   been   carried   farther   still。 

The   words   which   they   translated   ;hell;   have   been   put   back   into   their 

Hebrew and Greek equivalents�察�and appear as Sheol and Hades。 Another 

instance is that of an Old Testament word�察�Asherah�察�which was translated 

always   ;grove�察─  �and   was   used   to   describe   the   object   of   worship   of   the 

early enemies of Israel。 The translation does not quite represent the fact�察�

and   the   revisers   have   therefore   replaced   the   old   Hebrew   word Asherah。 

The transliterations of the King James version have not been changed into 

translations。 Instead�察�the number of transliterations has been increased in 

the   interest   of   accuracy。 At   one   point   one   might   incline   to   be   adversely 

critical   of   the   American   revisers。   They   have   transliterated   the   Hebrew 

word Jehovah�察�so they have taken sides in a controversy where scholars 

have room to differ。 The version would have gained in strength if it had 

retained     the   dignified    and    noble    word    ;Lord�察─   �which     comes     as  near 

representing the idea of the Hebrew word for God as any word we could 

find。 It must be added that the English of neither of our new versions has 

the rhythm and movement of the old version。 That is partly because we are 

so    accustomed       to   the  old   expressions      and    new    ones    strike   the   ear 



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unpleasantly。   In   any   case�察  �the   versions   differ   plainly   in   their   English。   It 

seems      most    unlikely   that   either   of   these   versions    shall   ever   have    the 

literary influence of the King James�察�though any man who will prophesy 

about�察�that affects a wisdom which he has not。 

     These�察    �then�察  �are   the   two   differences     between      this  lecture    and   the 

preceding ones�察�that in this lecture we shall deal with judgments as well as 

facts�察�and that we shall deal with the Bible of to´day rather than the King 

James version。 

     Passing      to  the   heart   of  the   subject�察   �the  question     appears     at  once 

whether the Bible has or can have to´day the influence or the place which 

it seems to have had in the past。 Two things�察�force that question�此�Has not 

the critical study of the Bible itself robbed it of its place of authority�察�and 

have not the changes of our times destroyed its possibilities of influence�拭�

That is�察�on the one hand�察�has   not the Bible been   changed�拭�On the  other 

hand�察�has it not   come   into such new  conditions that it   cannot do its  old 

work�拭�

     It   is   a   natural   but   a   most   mistaken   idea that   the   critical study  of   the 

Bible is a new thing。 From long before the childhood of any of us there 

has been sharp controversy about the Bible。 It is a controversy´

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