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                                 A Modest Proposal 



             A Modest Proposal 



    ��for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland�察�from being 

a burden on their parents or country�察�and for making them beneficial 

                              to the publick。�� 

                     by Dr。 Jonathan Swift。 1729 



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                                        A Modest Proposal 



     It is a melancholy object to those�察�who walk through this great town�察�

or travel in the country�察�when they see the streets�察�the roads and cabbin´ 

doors crowded with beggars of the female sex�察�followed by three�察�four�察�or 

six   children�察  �all   in   rags�察  �and   importuning   every   passenger   for   an   alms。 

These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood�察�

are forced to employ all their time in stroling to beg sustenance for their 

helpless infants who�察�as they grow up�察�either turn thieves for want of work�察�

or leave their dear native country�察�to fight for the Pretender in Spain�察�or 

sell themselves to the Barbadoes。 

     I  think   it  is  agreed   by   all  parties�察 �that   this  prodigious     number     of 

children in the arms�察�or on the backs�察�or at the heels of their mothers�察�and 

frequently of their fathers�察�is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom�察�

a very great additional grievance�察�and therefore whoever could find out a 

fair�察  �cheap   and   easy   method   of   making   these   children   sound   and   useful 

members of the common´wealth�察�would deserve so well of the publick�察�as 

to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation。 

     But my intention is very far from being confined to provide only for 

the children of professed beggars�此�it is of a much greater extent�察�and shall 

take   in   the   whole   number   of   infants   at   a   certain   age�察  �who   are   born   of 

parents in effect as little able to support them�察�as those who demand our 

charity in the streets。 

     As to my own part�察�having turned my thoughts for many years�察�upon 

this important subject�察�and maturely weighed the several schemes of our 

projectors�察     �I  have     always     found     them    grossly     mistaken      in  their 

computation。 It is true�察�a child just dropt from its dam�察�may be supported 

by   her   milk�察  �for   a   solar   year�察  �with   little   other   nourishment�此  �at   most   not 

above the value of two shillings�察�which the mother may certainly get�察�or 

the value in scraps�察�by her lawful occupation of begging�察�and it is exactly 

at one year old that I propose to provide for them in such a manner�察�as�察�

instead of being a charge upon their parents�察�or the parish�察�or wanting food 

and    raiment     for  the   rest  of   their  lives�察  �they   shall�察  �on   the  contrary�察�

contribute to the feeding�察�and partly to the cloathing of many thousands。 



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                                          A Modest Proposal 



     There   is   likewise   another   great   advantage in   my  scheme�察  �that   it   will 

prevent     those    voluntary     abortions�察    �and   that  horrid    practice    of  women 

murdering their bastard children�察�alas� �too frequent among us�察�sacrificing 

the   poor   innocent   babes�察  �I   doubt�察  �more   to   avoid   the   expence   than   the 

shame�察�which would move tears and pity in the most savage and inhuman 

breast。 

     The   number   of   souls   in      this   kingdom   being   usually   reckoned   one 

million   and   a   half�察 �of   these   I   calculate   there   may  be   about   two   hundred 

thousand couple whose wives are breeders�察�from which number I subtract 

thirty    thousand     couple�察   �who     are  able   to   maintain     their  own    children�察�

��although       I  apprehend      there    cannot    be   so   many�察    �under     the   present 

distresses   of   the   kingdom��   but   this   being   granted�察  �there   will   remain   an 

hundred and seventy thousand breeders。 I again subtract fifty thousand�察�for 

those women who miscarry�察�or whose children die by accident or disease 

within     the   year。   There    only   remain     an   hundred     and    twenty    thousand 

children of poor parents annually born。 The question therefore is�察�How this 

number shall be reared�察�and provided for�拭�which�察�as I have already said�察�

under     the   present    situation    of  affairs�察  �is  utterly   impossible     by   all  the 

methods hitherto proposed。 For we can neither employ them in handicraft 

or    agriculture�察   �we    neither   build    houses�察   。�I  mean     in  the   country��     nor 

cultivate land�此�they can very seldom pick up a livelihood by stealing till 

they   arrive   at   six   years   old�察  �except   where   they   are   of   towardly   parts�察�

although   I   confess   they   learn   the   rudiments   much   earlier�察  �during   which 

time they can however be properly looked upon only as probationers�此�As I 

have been informed by a principal gentleman in the county of Cavan�察�who 

protested to me�察�that he never knew above one or two instances under the 

age  of   six�察  �even   in   a   part   of   the   kingdom   so   renowned   for   the   quickest 

proficiency in that art。 

     I am assured by our merchants�察�that a boy or a girl before twelve years 

old�察�is no saleable commodity�察�and even when they come to this age�察�they 

will   not   yield   above   three   pounds�察  �or   three   pounds   and   half   a   crown   at 

most�察�on the exchange�察�which cannot turn to account either to the parents 

or kingdom�察�the charge of nutriments and rags having been at least four 



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                                        A Modest Proposal 



times that value。 

     I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts�察�which I hope 

will not be liable to the least objection。 

     I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance 

in London�察�that a young healthy child well nursed�察�is�察�at a year old�察�a most 

delicious nourishing and wholesome food�察�whether stewed�察�roasted�察�baked�察�

or boiled�察�and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie�察�or a 

ragoust。 

     I   do   therefore   humbly   offer   it   to   publick   consideration�察  �that   of   the 

hundred       and    twenty     thousand      children�察   �already     computed�察     �twenty 

thousand may be reserved   for breed�察�whereof only  one fourth part to   be 

males�察�which is more than we allow to sheep�察�black cattle�察�or swine�察�and 

my   reason   is�察  �that   these   children   are   seldom   the   fruits   of   marriage�察  �a 

circumstance not much regarded by our savages�察�therefore�察�one male will 

be sufficient to serve four females。 That the remaining hundred thousand 

may�察�at a year old�察�be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune�察�

through      the  kingdom�察     �always     advising    the   mother     to  let  them    suck 

plentifully   in   the   last   month�察  �so   as   to   render   them   plump�察  �and   fat   for   a 

good table。 A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends�察�

and   when   the   family   dines   alone�察  �the   fore   or   hind   quarter   will   make   a 

reasonable   dish�察  �and   seasoned   with   a   little   pepper   or   salt�察  �will   be   very 

good boiled on the fourth day�察�especially in winter。 

     I have reckoned upon a medium�察�that a child just born will weigh 12 

pounds�察�and in a solar year�察�if tolerably nursed�察�encreaseth to 28 pounds。 

     I grant this food will be somewhat dear�察�and therefore very proper for 

landlords�察�who�察�as they have already devoured most of the parents�察�seem 

to have the best title to the children。 

     Infant's flesh will be in season throughout the year�察�but more plentiful 

in March�察�and a little before and after�察�for we are told by a grave author�察�an 

eminent French physician�察�that fish being a prolifick dyet�察�there are more 

children born in Roman Catholick countries about nine months after Lent�察�

the markets will be more glutted than usual�察�because the number of Popish 

infants�察�is at least three to one in this kingdom�察�and therefore it will have 



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                                         A Modest Proposal 



one other collateral advantage�察�by lessening the number of Papists among 

us。 

     I   have   already   computed   the   charge   of   nursing   a   beggar's   child   ��in 

which list I reckon all cottagers�察�labourers�察�and four´fifths of the farmers�� 

to   be   about   two   shillings   per   annum�察  �rags   included�察  �and   I   believe   no 

gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat 

child�察�which�察�as I have said�察�will make four dishes of excellent nutritive 

meat�察�when he hath only some particular friend�察�or his own family to dine 

with   him。   Thus   the   squire   will   learn   to   be   a   good   landlord�察  �and   grow 

popular among his tenants�察�the mother will have eight shillings neat profit�察�

and be fit for work till she produces another child。 

     Those who are more thrifty ��as I must confess the times require�� may 

flea    the   carcass�察   �the   skin    of  which�察    �artificially    dressed�察   �will   make 

admirable gloves for ladies�察�and summer boots for fine gentlemen。 

     As to our City of Dublin�察�shambles may be appointed for this purpose�察�

in the most convenient parts of it�察�and butchers we may be assured will not 

be wanting�察  �although I   rather recommend   buying the   children alive�察 �and 

dressing them hot from the knife�察�as we do roasting pigs。 

     A very worthy person�察�a true lover of his country�察�and whose virtues I 

highly esteem�察�was lately pleased�察�in discoursing on this matter�察�to offer a 

refinement       upon    my    

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