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                         War of the Classes 



War of the Classes 



                         Jack London 



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                                      War of the Classes 



                                    PREFACE 



     When I was a youngster I was looked upon as a weird sort of creature�察�

because�察     �forsooth�察   �I   was    a   socialist。   Reporters      from    local   papers 

interviewed   me�察  �and   the   interviews�察  �when   published�察  �were   pathological 

studies of a strange and abnormal specimen of man。 At that time ��nine or 

ten years ago���察�because I made a stand in my native town for municipal 

ownership of public utilities�察�I  was branded a ;red´shirt�察─�a  ;dynamiter�察─�

and   an   ;anarchist;�察  �and   really   decent   fellows�察  �who   liked   me   very   well�察�

drew the line at my appearing in public with their sisters。 

     But the times changed。 There came a day when I heard�察�in my native 

town�察  �a   Republican   mayor   publicly   proclaim   that   ;municipal   ownership 

was a fixed American policy。; And in that day I found myself picking up 

in   the   world。   No   longer   did   the   pathologist   study   me�察  �while   the   really 

decent fellows did not mind in the least the propinquity of myself and their 

sisters in the public eye。 My political and sociological ideas were ascribed 

to the vagaries of youth�察�and good´natured elderly men patronized me and 

told    me   that   I  would    grow    up   some     day   and   become      an  unusually 

intelligent   member   of   the   community。 Also   they   told   me   that   my   views 

were     biassed    by  my    empty    pockets�察   �and   that   some    day�察  �when    I  had 

gathered   to   me   a   few   dollars�察  �my   views   would   be   wholly   different��in 

short�察�that my views would be their views。 

     And then came the day when my socialism grew respectable��still a 

vagary  of   youth�察  �it   was   held�察 �but   romantically   respectable。   Romance�察  �to 

the bourgeois mind�察�was respectable because it was not dangerous。 As a 

;red´shirt�察─  �with   bombs   in   all   his   pockets�察  �I   was   dangerous。 As   a   youth 

with nothing more menacing than a few philosophical ideas�察�Germanic in 

their origin�察�I was an interesting and pleasing personality。 

     Through all this experience I noted one thing。 It was not I that changed�察�

but   the   community。   In   fact�察  �my   socialistic   views   grew   solider   and   more 

pronounced。   I      repeat�察  �it  was   the  community   that      changed�察  �and    to  my 

chagrin I discovered that the community changed to such purpose that it 

was not   above   stealing   my  thunder。 The   community  branded   me   a   ;red´ 



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                                       War of the Classes 



shirt; because I stood for municipal ownership�察�a little later it applauded 

its   mayor     when     he    proclaimed      municipal      ownership      to   be   a  fixed 

American policy。 He stole my thunder�察�and the community applauded the 

theft。 And today the community is able to come around and give me points 

on municipal ownership。 

     What   happened   to   me   has   been   in   no   wise   different   from   what   has 

happened to the socialist movement as a whole in the United States。 In the 

bourgeois mind socialism has changed from a terrible disease to a youthful 

vagary�察    �and   later   on   had   its  thunder    stolen    by  the   two    old  parties�察�

socialism�察  �like   a   meek   and   thrifty   workingman�察  �being   exploited   became 

respectable。 

     Only dangerous things are abhorrent。 The thing that is not dangerous is 

always respectable。 And so with socialism in the United States。 For several 

years it has been very respectable��a sweet and beautiful Utopian dream�察�

in   the   bourgeois   mind�察  �yet   a   dream�察  �only   a   dream。   During   this   period�察�

which has just ended�察�socialism was tolerated because it was impossible 

and     non´menacing。        Much      of   its  thunder     had   been     stolen�察  �and    the 

workingmen         had   been    made     happy    with    full  dinner´pails。     There    was 

nothing to fear。 The kind old world spun on�察�coupons were clipped�察�and 

larger profits than ever were extracted from the toilers。 Coupon´clipping 

and    profit´extracting      would     continue     to  the  end    of  time。   These     were 

functions divine  in origin   and held by divine  right。 The  newspapers�察 �the 

preachers�察�and the college presidents said so�察�and what they say�察�of course�察�

is soto the bourgeois mind。 

     Then came the presidential election of 1904。 Like a bolt out of a clear 

sky was the socialist vote of 435��000��an increase of nearly 400 per cent 

in   four   years�察  �the   largest   third´party   vote�察  �with   one   exception�察  �since   the 

Civil   War。     Socialism   had     shown   that    it   was  a   very   live   and  growing 

revolutionary force�察�and all its old menace revived。 I am afraid that neither 

it   nor   I   are   any   longer   respectable。   The   capitalist   press   of   the   country 

confirms      me    in  my    opinion�察   �and   herewith     I  give   a  few   post´election 

utterances of the capitalist press�此� 

       ;The     Democratic      party    of  the   constitution     is  dead。    The    Social´ 

Democratic   party   of   continental   Europe�察  �preaching   discontent   and   class 



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hatred�察    �assailing    law�察  �property�察   �and    personal    rights�察  �and    insinuating 

confiscation and plunder�察�is here。;Chicago Chronicle。 

     ;That over forty thousand votes should have been cast in this city to 

make such a person as Eugene V。 Debs the President of the United States 

is   about   the   worst    kind   of  advertising     that  Chicago     could    receive。; 

Chicago Inter´Ocean。 

     ;We cannot blink the fact that socialism is making rapid growth in this 

country�察�where�察�of all others�察�there would seem to be less inspiration for 

it。;Brooklyn Daily Eagle。 

     ;Upon the hands of the Republican party an awful responsibility was 

placed last Tuesday。 。 。 It knows that reformsgreat�察�far´sweeping reforms´ 

´are    necessary�察    �and   it  has   the  power     to   make    them。    God    help    our 

civilization if it does not�  � 。 。 It must repress the trusts or stand before the 

world   responsible   for   our   system   of   government   being   changed   into   a 

social    republic。    The    arbitrary   cutting    down    of   wages    must    cease�察  �or 

socialism will seize another lever to lift itself into power。;The Chicago 

New World。 

     ;Scarcely any phase of the election is more sinisterly interesting than 

the increase in the socialist vote。 Before election we said that we could not 

afford   to   give   aid   and   comfort    to   the   socialists  in  any   manner。    。   。  It 

��socialism�� must be fought in all its phases�察�in its every manifestation。; 

San Francisco Argonaut。 

       And   far   be   it   from   me   to   deny   that   socialism  is   a   menace。   It   is   its 

purpose      to  wipe    out�察  �root  and    branch�察   �all  capitalistic   institutions    of 

present´day society。 It is distinctly revolutionary�察�and in scope and depth is 

vastly more tremendous than any revolution that has ever occurred in the 

history of the world。 It presents a new spectacle to the astonished world�察�

that    of   an    ORGANIZED�察          �INTERNATIONAL�察             �REVOLUTIONARY 

MOVEMENT。   In   the   bourgeois   mind   a   class   struggle   is   a   terrible   and 

hateful   thing�察  �and   yet   that   is   precisely   what   socialism   is��a   world´wide 

class struggle between the propertyless workers and the propertied masters 

of workers。 It is the prime preachment of socialism that the struggle is a 

class struggle。 The   working class�察 �in the   process   of   social   evolution�察  。�in 

the    very   nature   of   things���察  �is  bound    to  revolt   from    the   sway    of  the 



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capitalist class and to overthrow the capitalist class。 This is the menace of 

socialism�察  �and   in   affirming   it   and   in   tallying   myself   an   adherent   of   it�察  �I 

accept my own consequent unrespectability。 

     As yet�察�to the average bourgeois mind�察�socialism is merely a menace�察�

vague and formless。 The average member of the capitalist class�察�when he 

discusses socialism�察�is condemned an ignoramus out of his own mouth。 He 

does not know the literature of socialism�察�its philosophy�察�nor its politics。 

He wags his head sagely and rattles the dry bones of dead and buried ideas。 

His lips mumble   mouldy phrases�察�such   as�察 �Men are   not born equal   and 

never   can   be�察─   �It   is   Utopian   and   impossible�察─   �Abstinence   should   be 

rewarded�察─ �Man will first have to be born again�察─ �Cooperative colonies 

have   always   failed�察─  �and   ;What   if   we   do   divide   up�拭  �in   ten   years   there 

would be rich and poor men such as there are today。; 

     It   surely    is  time   that   the   capitalists    knew     something      about    this 

socialism that they feel menaces them。 And it is the hope of the writer that 

the socialistic studies in this volume may in some slight degree enlighten a 

few capitalistic minds。 The capitalist must learn�察�first and for always�察�that 

socialism is based�察�not upon the equality�察�but upon the inequality�察�of men。 

Next�察  �he   must   learn   that   no   new   birth   into   spiritual   purity   is   necessary 

before   socialism   becomes   possible。 

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