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war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及11何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




additional   man   for   each   eleven   previously  employed。 This   last   affords   a 

splendid example of the development of the group idea。 In this particular 



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struggle      the  individual      has   no   chance     at  all  for   life。  The    individual 

carpenter       would     be    crushed     like   a   mote     by    the   Master     Builders' 

Association�察      �and   like   a  mote     the  individual     master     builder    would     be 

crushed by the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners。 

     In   the   group´struggle   over       the   division    of   the  joint   product�察   �labor 

utilizes the union with its two great weapons�察�the strike and the boycott�察�

while capital utilizes the trust and the association�察�the weapons of which 

are the black´list�察�the lockout�察�and the scab。 The scab is by far the most 

formidable   weapon   of   the   three。   He   is   the   man   who   breaks   strikes   and 

causes   all   the   trouble。   Without   him   there   would   be   no   trouble�察  �for   the 

strikers   are   willing   to   remain   out   peacefully   and   indefinitely   so   long   as 

other men are not in their places�察�and so long as the particular aggregation 

of capital with which they are fighting is eating its head off in enforced 

idleness。 

     But   both   warring   groups   have   reserve   weapons。   Were   it   not   for   the 

scab�察�these weapons would not be brought into play。 But the scab takes the 

place of the striker�察�who begins at once to wield a most powerful weapon�察�

terrorism。 The will ;to live; of the scab recoils from the menace of broken 

bones and violent death。 With all due respect to the labor leaders�察�who are 

not to be blamed for volubly asseverating otherwise�察�terrorism is a well´ 

defined      and   eminently      successful      policy    of   the  labor    unions。     It  has 

probably won them more strikes than all the rest of the weapons in their 

arsenal。 This terrorism�察�however�察�must be clearly understood。 It is directed 

solely  against   the   scab�察  �placing   him  in   such   fear   for   life   and   limb   as   to 

drive   him   out   of   the   contest。   But   when   terrorism   gets   out   of   hand   and 

inoffensive   non´combatants   are   injured�察  �law   and   order   threatened�察  �and 

property destroyed�察�it becomes an edged tool that cuts both ways。 This sort 

of terrorism is sincerely deplored by the labor leaders�察�for it has probably 

lost them as many strikes as have been lost by any other single cause。 

     The scab is powerless under terrorism。 As a rule�察�he is not so good nor 

gritty   a   man    as   the   men   he   is   displacing�察  �and   he   lacks   their   fighting 

organization。       He    stands    in  dire   need     of  stiffening     and   backing。     His 

employers�察       �the   capitalists�察   �draw     their    two    remaining      weapons�察      �the 

ownership of which is debatable�察�but which they for the time being happen 



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to   control。   These   two   weapons   may   be   called   the   political   and   judicial 

machinery of society。 When the scab crumples up and is ready to go down 

before the fists�察�bricks�察�and bullets of the labor group�察�the capitalist group 

puts    the   police    and    soldiers    into   the   field�察  �and    begins    a   general 

bombardment of injunctions。 Victory usually follows�察�for the labor group 

cannot withstand the combined assault of gatling guns and injunctions。 

     But it has been noted that the ownership of the political and judicial 

machinery of society is debatable。 In the Titanic struggle over the division 

of the joint product�察�each group reaches out for every available weapon。 

Nor are they blinded by the smoke of conflict。 They fight their battles as 

coolly and collectedly as ever battles were fought on paper。 The capitalist 

group has long since realized the immense importance of controlling the 

political and judicial machinery of society。 

     Taught   by   gatlings   and   injunctions�察  �which   have   smashed          many   an 

otherwise successful strike�察�the labor group is beginning to realize that it 

all   depends   upon   who   is   behind   and   who   is   before   the   gatlings   and   the 

injunctions。 And he who knows the labor movement knows that there   is 

slowly growing up and being formulated a clear and definite policy for the 

capture of the political and judicial machinery。 

     This    is  the   terrible  spectre    which    Mr。   John    Graham      Brooks     sees 

looming portentously over the twentieth century world。 No man may boast 

a   more    intimate    knowledge       of  the   labor   movement       than   he�察  �and   he 

reiterates   again   and   again   the   dangerous   likelihood   of   the   whole   labor 

group capturing the political machinery of society。 As he says in his recent 

book�此。�6�� ;It is not probable that employers can destroy unionism in the 

United States。 Adroit and desperate attempts will�察�however�察�be made�察�if we 

mean by unionism the undisciplined and aggressive fact of vigorous and 

determined       organizations。      If  capital   should    prove    too   strong    in  this 

struggle�察�the result is easy to predict。 The employers have only to convince 

organized labor that it cannot hold its own against the capitalist manager�察�

and the whole energy that now goes to the union will turn to an aggressive 

political   socialism。   It   will   not   be   the   harmless   sympathy   with   increased 

city and state functions which trade unions already feel�察�it will become a 

turbulent political force bent upon using every weapon of taxation against 



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the rich。; 

     This   struggle   not   to   be   a   scab�察  �to   avoid   giving   more   for   less   and   to 

succeed in giving less for more�察�is more vital than it would appear on the 

surface。 The   capitalist   and   labor   groups are   locked together   in   desperate 

battle�察�and neither side is swayed by moral considerations more than skin´ 

deep。 The labor group hires business agents�察�lawyers�察�and organizers�察�and 

is beginning to intimidate legislators by the strength of its solid vote�察�and 

more directly�察�in the   near future�察�it will   attempt to control legislation by 

capturing it bodily through the ballot´box。 On the other hand�察�the capitalist 

group�察�numerically weaker�察�hires newspapers�察�universities�察�and legislatures�察�

and   strives   to   bend   to   its   need   all   the   forces   which   go   to   mould   public 

opinion。 

     The      only   honest     morality     displayed      by   either    side   is   white´hot 

indignation       at  the   iniquities    of   the   other   side。   The    striking    teamster 

complacently takes a scab driver into an alley�察�and with an iron bar breaks 

his arms�察�so that he can drive no more�察�but cries out to high Heaven for 

justice when the capitalist breaks his skull by means of a club in the hands 

of a policeman。 Nay�察�the members of a union will declaim in impassioned 

rhetoric for the God´given right of an eight´hour day�察�and at the time be 

working their own business agent seventeen hours out of the twenty´four。 

     A capitalist such as Collis P。 Huntington�察�and his name is Legion�察�after 

a   long   life   spent   in   buying   the   aid   of   countless   legislatures�察  �will   wax 

virtuously   wrathful�察  �and   condemn   in   unmeasured   terms   ;the   dangerous 

tendency   of   crying   out   to   the   Government   for   aid;   in   the   way   of   labor 

legislation。   Without   a   quiver�察  �a   member   of   the   capitalist   group   will   run 

tens   of    thousands   of     pitiful   child´   laborers   through      his  life´destroying 

cotton factories�察�and weep maudlin and constitutional tears over one scab 

hit   in   the back   with   a   brick。   He   will   drive   a   ;compulsory;   free   contract 

with   an   unorganized   laborer   on   the   basis   of   a   starvation   wage�察  �saying�察�

;Take it or leave it�察─�knowing that to leave it means to die of hunger�察�and 

in   the   next   breath�察  �when   the   organizer   entices   that   laborer   into   a   union�察�

will storm patriotically about the inalienable right of all men to work。 In 

short�察�the chief moral concern of either side is with the morals of the other 

side。 They are not in the business for their moral welfare�察�but to achieve 



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the enviable position of the non´scab who gets more than he gives。 

     But   there   is   more   to   the   question   than   has   yet   been   discussed。   The 

labor     scab   is  no   more     detestable     to  his   brother    laborers    than    is  the 

capitalist scab to his brother capitalists。 A capitalist may get most for least 

in dealing with his laborers�察�and in so far be a non´ scab�察�but at the same 

time�察�in his dealings with his fellow´ capitalists�察�he may give most for least 

and be the very worst kind of scab。 The most heinous crime an employer 

of labor can commit is to scab on his fellow´employers of labor。 Just as the 

individual laborers have organized into groups to protect themselves from 

the peril of the scab laborer�察�so have the employers organized into groups 

to protect themselves from the peril of the scab employer。 The employers' 

federations�察�associations�察�and trusts are nothing more nor less than unions。 

They      are   organized      to  destroy     scabbing     amongst 

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