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war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及3何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��



added to it by their joint effort。 This added value is�察�therefore�察�their joint 

product�察�and it is over the division of this joint product that the struggle 

between   labor   and   capital   takes   place。   Labor   takes   its   share   in   wages�察�

capital takes its share in profits。 It is patent�察�if capital took in profits the 

whole joint   product�察 �that   labor  would perish。 And   it   is   equally  patent�察 �if 

labor took in wages the whole joint product�察�that capital would perish。 Yet 

this   last   is   the   very   thing   labor   aspires   to   do�察  �and   that   it   will   never   be 

content with anything less than the whole joint product is evidenced by the 

words of its leaders。 

     Mr。 Samuel Gompers�察�president of the American Federation of Labor�察�

has   said�此   �The   workers   want   more   wages�察  �more   of   the   comforts   of   life�察�

more leisure�察�more chance for self´improvement as men�察�as trade´unionists�察�

as citizens。 THESE WERE THE WANTS OF YESTERDAY�察�THEY ARE 

THE      WANTS        OF    TODAY�察       �THEY      WILL      BE    THE      WANTS        OF 

TOMORROW�察�AND   OF TOMORROW'S MORROW。 The   struggle   may 

assume new forms�察�but the issue is the immemorial one��an effort of the 

producers to obtain an increasing measure of the wealth that flows from 

their production。; 

     Mr。    Henry     White�察   �secretary    of   the  United     Garment      Workers     of 

America and a member of the Industrial Committee of the National Civic 

Federation�察     �speaking     of  the  National     Civic   Federation     soon    after  its 

inception�察  �said�此   �To   fall   into   one   another's   arms�察  �to   avow   friendship�察  �to 

express regret at the injury which has been done�察�would not alter the facts 

of the situation。 Workingmen will continue to demand more pay�察�and the 

employer   will   naturally   oppose   them。   The   readiness   and   ability   of   the 



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workmen   to   fight   will�察  �as   usual�察  �largely   determine   the   amount   of   their 

wages or their share in the product。 。 。 But when it comes to dividing the 

proceeds�察�there   is   the   rub。 We   can   also agree   that   the   larger   the   product 

through the employment of labor´saving methods the better�察�as there will 

be   more   to   be   divided�察  �but   again   the   question   of   the   division。   。   。   。   A 

Conciliation   Committee�察  �having   the   confidence   of   the   community�察  �and 

composed of men possessing practical knowledge of industrial affairs�察�can 

therefore      aid   in  mitigating      this  antagonism�察      �in  preventing      avoidable 

conflicts�察  �in   bringing     about   a   TRUCE�察  �I   use   the   word      'truce'   because 

understandings can only be temporary。; 

     Here is a man who might have owned cattle on a thousand hills�察�been a 

lumber baron or a railroad king�察�had he been born a few years sooner。 As it 

is�察�he remains in his class�察�is secretary of the United Garment Workers of 

America�察  �and   is   so   thoroughly   saturated   with   the   class   struggle   that   he 

speaks of the dispute between capital and labor in terms of war��workmen 

FIGHT   with   employers�察  �it   is   possible   to   avoid   some   CONFLICTS�察  �in 

certain cases TRUCES may be�察�for the time being�察�effected。 

     Man being man and a great deal short of the angels�察�the quarrel over 

the division of the joint product is irreconcilable。 For the last twenty years 

in the United States�察�there has been an average of over a thousand strikes 

per   year�察  �and   year   by   year   these   strikes   increase   in   magnitude�察  �and   the 

front of the labor army grows more imposing。 And it is a class struggle�察�

pure and simple。 Labor as a class is fighting with capital as a class。 

     Workingmen   will   continue   to   demand   more   pay�察  �and   employers   will 

continue   to   oppose   them。   This   is   the   key´note   to   LAISSEZ   FAIRE�察�

everybody for himself and devil take the hindmost。 It is upon this that the 

rampant individualist bases his individualism。 It is the let´alone policy�察�the 

struggle   for   existence�察  �which   strengthens   the   strong�察  �destroys   the   weak�察�

and makes a finer and more capable breed of men。 But the individual has 

passed away and the group has come�察�for better or worse�察�and the struggle 

has   become�察  �not   a   struggle   between   individuals�察  �but   a   struggle   between 

groups。 So the query rises�此�Has the individualist never speculated upon the 

labor group becoming strong enough to destroy the capitalist group�察�and 

take to itself and run for itself the machinery of industry�拭�And�察�further�察�has 



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the    individualist     never    speculated     upon    this   being   still  a  triumphant 

expression of individualism��of group individualism��if the confusion of 

terms may be permitted�拭�

     But the facts of the class struggle are deeper and more significant than 

have so far been presented。 A million or so of workmen may organize for 

the pursuit of interests which engender class antagonism and strife�察�and at 

the same time be unconscious of what is engendered。 But when a million 

or   so   of   workmen   show   unmistakable   signs   of   being   conscious   of   their 

class��of being�察�in short�察�class conscious��then the situation grows serious。 

The uncompromising and terrible hatred of the trade´unionist for a scab is 

the hatred of a class for a traitor to that class��while the hatred of a trade´ 

unionist for the militia is the hatred of a class for a weapon wielded by the 

class with which it is fighting。 No workman can be true to his class and at 

the same time be a member of the militia�此�this is the dictum of the labor 

leaders。 

     In the town of the writer�察�the good citizens�察�when they get up a Fourth 

of July parade and invite the labor unions to participate�察�are informed by 

the unions that   they will not march   in the   parade if the militia   marches。 

Article   8   of   the   constitution   of   the   Painters'   and   Decorators'   Union   of 

Schenectady  provides   that   a   member   must   not   be   a   ;militiaman�察  �special 

police     officer�察  �or   deputy    marshal     in   the   employ     of   corporations      or 

individuals   during   strikes�察  �lockouts�察  �or   other   labor   difficulties�察  �and   any 

member       occupying      any   of  the   above    positions    will   be  debarred     from 

membership。;        Mr。    William   Potter     was   a  member      of   this  union    and   a 

member of the National Guard。 As a result�察�because he obeyed the order of 

the Governor when his company was ordered out to suppress rioting�察�he 

was   expelled   from   his   union。   Also   his   union   demanded   his   employers�察�

Shafer & Barry�察�to discharge him from their service。 This they complied 

with�察�rather than face the threatened strike。 

     Mr。   Robert   L。   Walker�察  �first   lieutenant   of   the   Light   Guards�察  �a   New 

Haven militia company�察�recently resigned。 His reason was�察�that he was a 

member of the Car Builders' Union�察�and that the two organizations were 

antagonistic to each other。 During a New Orleans street´car strike not long 

ago�察  �a   whole   company   of   militia�察  �called   out   to   protect   non´union   men�察�



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resigned   in   a   body。   Mr。   John   Mulholland�察  �president   of   the   International 

Association of Allied Metal Mechanics�察�has stated that he does not want 

the members to join the militia。 The Local Trades' Assembly of Syracuse�察�

New York�察  �has   passed   a   resolution�察  �by   unanimous   vote�察  �requiring   union 

men   who   are   members   of   the   National   Guard   to   resign�察  �under   pain   of 

expulsion�察     �from    the  unions。    The    Amalgamated        Sheet    Metal    Workers' 

Association has incorporated in its constitution an amendment excluding 

from membership in its organization ;any person a member of the regular 

army�察�or of the State militia or naval reserve。; The Illinois State Federation 

of   Labor�察   �at  a  recent   convention�察     �passed    without    a  dissenting    vote   a 

resolution      declaring    that   membership        in  military    organizations      is  a 

violation     of  labor   union    obligations�察   �and   requesting     all  union   men    to 

withdraw   from   the   militia。   The   president   of   the   Federation�察  �Mr。   Albert 

Young�察�declared that the militia was a menace not only to unions�察�but to all 

workers throughout the country。 

     These     instances     may    be   multiplied     a   thousand     fold。   The    union 

workmen are becoming conscious of their class�察�and of the struggle their 

class is waging with the capitalist class。 To be a member of the militia is to 

be   a   traitor   to   the  union�察  �for   the   militia   is  a   weapon   wielded   by   the 

employers       to  crush    the  workers     in  the   struggle   between     the   warring 

groups。 

     Another      interesting�察   �and   even    more    pregnant�察   �phase    of   the   class 

struggle is the political aspect of it as displayed by the socialists。 Five men�察�

standing together�察�may perform prodigies�察�500 men�察�marching as marched 

the historic Five Hundred of Marseilles�察�may sack a palace and destroy a 

king�察�while 500��000 men�察�passionately preaching the propaganda of a class 

struggle�察�waging a class struggle along political lines�察�and backed by the 

moral and intellectual support of 10��000��000 more men of like convictions 

throughout the world�察�may com

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