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war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及5何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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as   a   class�察  �seem   to   lack   the   ability   for   organizing�察  �for   coming   together�察�

such   as   is   possessed   by   the   working   class。   No American   capitalist   ever 

aids    an   English    capitalist    in  the   common       fight�察 �while    workmen       have 

formed      international      unions�察   �the   socialists    a  world´wide       international 

organization�察�and on all sides space and race are bridged in the effort to 

achieve      solidarity。    Resolutions      of   sympathy�察     �and�察  �fully   as   important�察�

donations of money�察�pass back and forth across the sea to wherever labor 

is fighting its pitched battles。 

     For divers reasons�察�the capitalist class lacks this cohesion or solidarity�察�

chief among which is the optimism bred of past success。 And�察�again�察�the 

capitalist class is divided�察�it has within itself a class struggle of no mean 

proportions�察      �which    tends    to  irritate   and   harass    it  and   to  confuse     the 

situation。   The   small   capitalist   and   the   large   capitalist   are   grappled   with 

each other�察�struggling over what Achille Loria calls the ;bi´partition of the 

revenues。;   Such   a   struggle�察  �though   not   precisely   analogous�察  �was   waged 

between       the   landlords     and    manufacturers       of   England      when     the   one 

brought about the passage of the Factory Acts and the other the abolition 

of the Corn Laws。 

     Here   and   there�察  �however�察  �certain   members   of   the   capitalist   class   see 

clearly   the   cleavage   in   society   along   which   the   struggle   is   beginning   to 

show      itself�察 �while    the  press   and    magazines      are   beginning     to   raise  an 

occasional and troubled voice。 Two leagues of class´conscious capitalists 

have been formed for the purpose of carrying on their side of the struggle。 

Like the socialists�察�they do not mince matters�察�but state boldly and plainly 

that   they   are   fighting   to   subjugate   the   opposing   class。   It   is   the   barons 

against   the   commons。  One   of   these   leagues�察 �the   National Association   of 

Manufacturers�察�is   stopping short   of  nothing   in what   it   conceives   to  be  a 

life´and´death struggle。 Mr。 D。 M。 Parry�察�who is the president of the league�察�

as well as president of the National Metal Trades' Association�察�is leaving 

no stone unturned in what he feels to be a desperate effort to organize his 



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class。 He has issued the call to arms in terms everything but ambiguous�此�

;THERE   IS   STILL  TIME   IN   THE   UNITED   STALES   TO   HEAD   OFF 

THE      SOCIALISTIC         PROGRAMME�察           �WHICH�察      �UNRESTRAINED�察            �IS 

SURE TO WRECK OUR COUNTRY。; 

     As he says�察�the work is for ;federating employers in order that we may 

meet   with   a   united   front   all   issues   that   affect   us。   We   must   come   to   this 

sooner or later。 。 。 。 The work immediately before the National Association 

of   Manufacturers   is�察  �first�察  �KEEP   THE   VICIOUS   EIGHT´HOUR   BILL 

OFF   THE   BOOKS�察  �second�察  �to   DESTROY   THE   ANTI´   INJUNCTION 

BILL�察�which wrests your business from you and places it in the hands of 

your employees�察�third�察�to secure the PASSAGE OF THE DEPARTMENT 

OF   COMMERCE AND   INDUSTRY  BILL�察  �the   latter   would   go   through 

with a rush were it not for the hectoring opposition of Organized Labor。; 

By this department�察�he further says�察 �business interests would have direct 

and sympathetic representation at Washington。; 

     In a later letter�察�issued broadcast to the capitalists outside the League�察�

President Parry points out the success which is already beginning to attend 

the efforts of the League at Washington。 ;We have contributed more than 

any    other   influence    to  the   quick   passage     of  the  new    Department      of 

Commerce Bill。 It is said that the activities of this office are numerous and 

satisfactory�察  �but   of   that   I   must   not   say   too   muchor   anything。   。   。   。   At 

Washington the Association is not represented too much�察�either directly or 

indirectly。    Sometimes      it  is  known    in  a  most    powerful     way   that   it  is 

represented vigorously and unitedly。 Sometimes it is not known that it is 

represented at all。; 

     The     second    class´conscious       capitalist   organization     is   called   the 

National   Economic   League。   It   likewise   manifests   the   frankness   of   men 

who do not dilly´dally with terms�察�but who say what they mean�察�and who 

mean   to   settle   down   to   a   long�察  �hard   fight。   Their   letter   of   invitation   to 

prospective      members      opens    boldly。   ;We    beg   to  inform    you    that  the 

National      Economic      League     will   render    its  services   in   an   impartial 

educational       movement        TO     OPPOSE        SOCIALISM          AND      CLASS 

HATRED。; Among its class´conscious members�察�men who recognize that 

the opening guns of the class struggle have been fired�察�may be instanced 



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the following names�此�Hon。 Lyman J。 Gage�察�Ex´Secretary U。 S。 Treasury�察�

Hon。 Thomas   Jefferson   Coolidge�察 �Ex´Minister   to   France�察  �Rev。  Henry  C。 

Potter�察�Bishop New York Diocese�察�Hon。 John D。 Long�察�Ex´Secretary U。 S。 

Navy�察    �Hon。    Levi   P。  Morton�察    �Ex´Vice     President    United    States�察  �Henry 

Clews�察�John F。 Dryden�察�President Prudential Life Insurance Co。�察�John A。 

McCall�察     �President    New     York    Life   Insurance     Co。�察  �J。  L。   Greatsinger�察�

President   Brooklyn   Rapid   Transit   Co。�察  �the   shipbuilding   firm   of   William 

Cramp & Sons�察�the Southern Railway system�察�and the Atchison�察�Topeka�察�

& Santa Fe Railway Company。 

     Instances of the troubled editorial voice have not been rare during the 

last   several   years。 There   were   many   cries   from  the   press   during   the   last 

days     of   the   anthracite    coal   strike   that   the   mine    owners�察    �by   their 

stubbornness�察�were sowing the regrettable seeds of socialism。 The World's 

Work      for   December�察     �1902�察   �said�此   �The    next    significant    fact   is  the 

recommendation by the Illinois State Federation of Labor that all members 

of labor unions who are also members of the state militia shall resign from 

the   militia。 This   proposition   has   been   favorably  regarded   by  some   other 

labor    organizations。      It  has   done    more    than   any    other   single   recent 

declaration or action to cause a public distrust of such unions as favor it。 

IT   HINTS   OF   A   CLASS   SEPARATION   THAT   IN   TURN   HINTS   OF 

ANARCHY。; 

     The   OUTLOOK�察  �February   14�察  �1903�察  �in   reference   to   the   rioting   at 

Waterbury�察�remarks�察 �That all this disorder should have occurred in a city 

of the character and intelligence of Waterbury indicates that the industrial 

war spirit is by no means confined to the immigrant or ignorant working 

classes。; 

     That President Roosevelt has smelt the smoke from the firing line of 

the   class   struggle    is  evidenced    by   his  words�察    �Above     all  we   need   to 

remember   that   any   kind   of   CLASS ANIMOSITY  IN   THE   POLITICAL 

WORLD   is�察  �if   possible�察  �even   more   destructive   to   national   welfare   than 

sectional�察�race�察�or religious animosity。; The chief thing to be noted here is 

President Roosevelt's tacit recognition of class animosity in the industrial 

world�察�and his fear�察�which language cannot portray stronger�察�that this class 

animosity   may   spread   to   the   political   world。  Yet   this   is   the   very   policy 



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which   the   socialists   have   announced   in   their   declaration   of   war   against 

present´day societyto capture the political machinery of society and by 

that machinery destroy present´day society。 

     The New York Independent for February 12�察�1903�察�recognized without 

qualification   the   class   struggle。   ;It   is   impossible   fairly   to   pass   upon   the 

methods   of   labor   unions�察  �or   to   devise   plans   for   remedying   their   abuses�察�

until   it   is   recognized�察  �to   begin   with�察  �that   unions   are   based   upon   class 

antagonism and that their policies are dictated by the necessities of social 

warfare。 A strike is a rebellion against the owners of property。 The rights 

of    property    are   protected     by   government。       And    a  strike�察  �under    certain 

provocation�察�may extend as far as did the general strike in Belgium a few 

years since�察�when practically the entire wage´earning population stopped 

work   in   order   to   force   political   concessions   from   the   property´owning 

classes。 This is an extreme case�察�but it brings out vividly the real nature of 

labor organization as a species of warfare whose object is the coercion of 

one class by another class。; 

     It   has   been   shown�察  �theoretically   and   actually�察  �that   there   is   a   class 

struggle   in   the   United   States。   The   quarrel   over   the   division   of   the   joint 

product      is  irreconcilable。      The    working      class   is  no   longer     losing    its 

strongest   and   most   capable   members。   These   men�察  �denied   room  for   their 

ambition in the capitalist ranks�察�remain to be the leaders of the workers�察�to 

spur   them   to   discontent�察  �to   make   them   conscious   of   their   class�察  �to   lead 

them to revolt。 

    

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