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war of the classes(竣雫況尸)-及6何蛍

弌傍�� war of the classes(竣雫況尸) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




them to revolt。 

     This revolt�察�appearing spontaneously all over the industrial field in the 

form   of   demands   for   an   increased   share   of   the   joint   product�察  �is   being 

carefully   and   shrewdly   shaped   for   a   political   assault   upon   society。   The 

leaders�察�with the carelessness of fatalists�察�do not hesitate for an instant to 

publish their intentions to the world。 They intend to direct the labor revolt 

to   the   capture   of   the   political   machinery   of   society。   With   the   political 

machinery once in their hands�察�which will also give them the control of the 

police�察  �the   army�察  �the   navy�察  �and   the   courts�察  �they   will   confiscate�察  �with   or 

without remuneration�察�all the possessions of the capitalist class which are 

used in the production and distribution of the necessaries and luxuries of 

life。 By this�察�they mean to apply the law of eminent domain to the land�察�



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and to extend the law of eminent   domain till   it embraces the mines�察�the 

factories�察  �the   railroads�察  �and   the   ocean   carriers。   In   short�察  �they   intend   to 

destroy  present´day  society�察  �which   they  contend   is   run   in   the   interest   of 

another   class�察  �and   from   the   materials   to   construct   a   new   society�察  �which 

will be run in their interest。 

     On the other hand�察�the capitalist class is beginning to grow conscious 

of itself and of the struggle which is being waged。 It is already forming 

offensive and defensive leagues�察�while some of the most prominent figures 

in the nation are preparing to lead it in the attack upon socialism。 

     The   question   to   be   solved   is   not   one   of   Malthusianism�察   �projected 

efficiency�察─�nor ethics。 It is a question of might。 Whichever class is to win�察�

will win by virtue of superior strength�察�for the workers are beginning to 

say�察�as they said to Mr。 Cunniff�察 �Malthus be damned。; In their own minds 

they find no sanction for continuing the individual struggle for the survival 

of the   fittest。 As   Mr。   Gompers has   said�察�they  want   more�察  �and   more�察  �and 

more。   The   ethical   import   of   Mr。   Kidd's   plan   of   the   present   generation 

putting up with less in order that race efficiency may be projected into a 

remote   future�察  �has   no   bearing   upon   their   actions。   They   refuse   to   be   the 

;glad perishers; so glowingly described by Nietzsche。 

     It remains to be seen how promptly the capitalist class will respond to 

the call to arms。 Upon its promptness rests its existence�察�for if it sits idly 

by�察�soothfully proclaiming that what ought not to be cannot be�察�it will find 

the   roof    beams    crashing     about    its  head。   The    capitalist   class   is  in  the 

numerical minority�察�and bids fair to be outvoted if it does not put a stop to 

the vast propaganda being waged by its enemy。 It is no longer a question 

of whether or not there is a class struggle。 The question now is�察�what will 

be the outcome of the class struggle�拭�



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                                THE TRAMP 



     Mr。    Francis     O'Neil�察   �General    Superintendent       of   Police�察   �Chicago�察�

speaking of the tramp�察�says�此 �Despite the most stringent police regulations�察�

a   great   city   will   have   a   certain   number   of   homeless   vagrants   to   shelter 

through the winter。; ;Despite�察�mark the word�察�a confession of organized 

helplessness   as   against   unorganized   necessity。   If   police   regulations   are 

stringent and yet fail�察�then that which makes them fail�察�namely�察�the tramp�察�

must   have   still   more   stringent   reasons   for   succeeding。   This   being   so�察  �it 

should be of interest to inquire into these reasons�察�to attempt to discover 

why the nameless and homeless vagrant sets at naught the right arm of the 

corporate power of our great cities�察�why all that is weak and worthless is 

stronger than all that is strong and of value。 

     Mr。 O'Neil is a man of wide experience on the subject of tramps。 He 

may  be   called   a   specialist。 As   he   says   of   himself�此   �As   an   old´time   desk 

sergeant   and   police   captain�察  �I   have   had   almost   unlimited   opportunity   to 

study and analyze this class of floating population�察�which seeks the city in 

winter   and   scatters   abroad   through   the   country   in   the   spring。;   He   then 

continues�此 �This experience reiterated the lesson that the vast majority of 

these wanderers are of the class with whom a life of vagrancy is a chosen 

means of living without work。; Not only is it to be inferred from this that 

there is a large class in society which lives without work�察�for Mr。 O'Neil's 

testimony further shows that this class is forced to live without work。 

     He says�此 �I have been astonished at the multitude of those who have 

unfortunately      engaged     in  occupations      which    practically    force   them   to 

become loafers for at least a third of the year。 And it is from this class that 

the tramps are largely recruited。 I recall a certain winter when it seemed to 

me that a large portion of the inhabitants of Chicago belonged to this army 

of unfortunates。 I was stationed at a police station not far from where an 

ice   harvest   was   ready   for   the   cutters。   The   ice   company   advertised   for 

helpers�察�and the very night this call appeared in the newspapers our station 

was packed with homeless men�察�who asked shelter in order to be at hand 

for the morning's work。 Every foot of floor space was given over to these 



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lodgers and scores were still unaccommodated。; 

     And again�此 �And it must be confessed that the man who is willing to 

do honest labor for food and shelter is a rare specimen in this vast army of 

shabby and tattered wanderers who seek the warmth of the city with the 

coming of the first snow。; Taking into consideration the crowd of honest 

laborers that swamped   Mr。  O'Neil's   station´house  on   the  way  to   the   ice´ 

cutting�察�it is patent�察�if all tramps were looking for honest labor instead of a 

small   minority�察    �that   the   honest   laborers   would   have   a    far   harder   task 

finding something honest to do for food and shelter。 If the opinion of the 

honest laborers who swamped Mr。 O'Neil's station´house were asked�察�one 

could rest confident that each and every man would express a preference 

for fewer honest laborers on the morrow when he asked the ice foreman 

for a job。 

     And�察  �finally�察  �Mr。   O'Neil   says�此   �The   humane   and   generous   treatment 

which this city has accorded the great army of homeless unfortunates has 

made it the victim of wholesale imposition�察�and this well´ intended policy 

of kindness has resulted in making Chicago the winter Mecca of a vast and 

undesirable floating population。; That is to say�察�because of her kindness�察�

Chicago had more than her fair share of tramps�察�because she was humane 

and    generous     she   suffered    whole´sale     imposition。     From    this   we   must 

conclude   that   it   does   not   do   to   be   HUMANE   and   GENEROUS   to   our 

fellow´menwhen they are tramps。 Mr。 O'Neil is right�察�and that this is no 

sophism it is the intention of this article�察�among other things�察�to show。 

     In   a   general   way   we   may   draw   the   following   inferences   from   the 

remarks   of   Mr。  O'Neil�此。�1�� The   tramp   is   stronger than organized   society 

and cannot be put down�察。�2�� The tramp is ;shabby�察─ �tattered�察─ �homeless�察─�

;unfortunate;�察。�3�� There is a ;vast; number of tramps�察。�4�� Very few tramps 

are   willing   to   do   honest   work�察  。�5��   Those   tramps   who   are   willing   to   do 

honest work have to hunt very hard to find it�察。�6�� The tramp is undesirable。 

     To   this   last   let   the   contention   be   appended   that   the   tramp   is   only 

PERSONALLY undesirable�察�that he is NEGATIVELY desirable�察�that the 

function he performs in society is a negative function�察�and that he is the 

by´product of economic necessity。 

     It   is   very  easy   to   demonstrate   that   there   are   more   men   than   there   is 



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work   for   men   to   do。   For   instance�察  �what   would   happen   tomorrow   if   one 

hundred       thousand     tramps     should     become      suddenly      inspired    with    an 

overmastering   desire   for   work�拭         �It   is   a   fair   question。   ;Go   to   work;   is 

preached to the tramp every day of his life。 The judge on the bench�察�the 

pedestrian   in   the   street�察  �the   housewife   at   the   kitchen   door�察  �all   unite   in 

advising   him   to   go   to   work。   So   what   would   happen   tomorrow   if   one 

hundred      thousand      tramps    acted    upon    this  advice    and    strenuously     and 

indomitably   sought   work�拭  �Why�察  �by   the   end   of   the   week   one   hundred 

thousand   workers�察  �their   places   taken   by   the   tramps�察  �would   receive   their 

time and be ;hitting the road; for a job。 

     Ella Wheeler Wilcox unwittingly and uncomfortably demonstrated the 

disparity between men and work。 ��1�� She made a casual reference�察�in a 

newspaper column she conducts�察�to the difficulty two business men found 

in obtaining good employees。 The first morning mail brought her seventy´ 

five applications for the position�察�and at the end of two weeks over two 

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