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及14何蛍

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及14何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




volcanos�察     �happy    homesteads�察     �rich   crops�察  �hemp     and   flax�察 �and    wheat�察�

tobacco�察�lucerne�察�roots�察�and vineyards laden with white and purple grapes�察�

you would have begun to suspect that the lava streams were not�察�after all�察�

such   very  bad   neighbours。       And   when   I   tell   you   that   volcanic   soils   ��as 

they   are   called���察  �that   is�察  �soil   which   has   at   first   been   lava   or   ashes�察  �are 

generally the richest soils in the worldthat�察�for instance ��as some one told 

me the other day���察�there is soil in the beautiful island of Madeira so thin 

that you cannot dig more than two or three inches down without coming to 

the solid rock of lava�察�or what is harder even�察�obsidian ��which is the black 

glass which volcanos sometimes make�察�and which the old Mexicans used 

to chip into swords and arrows�察�because they had no steel��and that this 

soil�察�thin as it is�察�is yet so fertile�察�that in it used to be grown the grapes of 

which the famous Madeira wine was madewhen you remember this�察�and 

when   you   remember�察  �too�察  �the   Lothians   of   Scotland   ��about   which   I  shall 

have to say a little to you just now���察�then you will perhaps agree with me�察�

that Lady Why has not been so very wrong in setting Madam How to pour 

out lava and ashes upon the surface of the earth。 

     For seedown below�察�under the roots of the mountains�察�Madam How 



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works continually like a chemist in his laboratory�察�melting together all the 

rocks�察�which are the bones and leavings of the old worlds。                If they stayed 

down below there�察�they would be of no use�察�while they will be of use up 

here in the open air。      For�察�year by yearby the washing of rain and rivers�察�

and also�察�I am sorry to say�察�by the ignorant and foolish waste of mankind 

thousands and millions of tons of good stuff are running into the sea every 

year�察  �which   would�察  �if   it   could   be   kept   on   land�察  �make   food   for   men   and 

animals�察�plants and trees。         So�察�in order to supply the continual waste of 

this upper world�察�Madam How is continually melting up the under world�察�

and pouring it out of the volcanos like manure�察�to renew the face of the 

earth。    In these lava rocks and ashes which she sends up there are certain 

substances�察�without which men cannot livewithout which a stalk of corn 

or grass cannot grow。         Without potash�察�without magnesia�察�both of which 

are in   your   veins and   minewithout   silicates ��as they  are   called���察  �which 

give flint to the stems of   corn and of   grass�察�and so   make them stiff   and 

hard�察  �and   able   to   stand   uprightand   very  probably   without   the   carbonic 

acid gas�察�which comes out of the volcanos�察�and is taken up by the leaves of 

plants�察�and turned by Madam How's cookery into solid woodwithout all 

these things�察�and I suspect without a great many more things which come 

out of volcanosI do not see how this beautiful green world could get on 

at all。 

     Of course�察�when the lava first cools on the surface of the ground it is 

hard   enough�察  �and     therefore   barren   enough。     But   Madam   How   sets   to 

work upon it at once�察�with that delicate little water´ spade of hers�察�which 

we call rain�察�and with that alone�察�century after century�察�and age after age�察�

she digs the lava stream down�察�atom by atom�察�and silts it over the country 

round in rich manure。 So that if Madam How has been a rough and hasty 

workwoman in pumping her treasures up out of her mine with her great 

steam´ pumps�察�she shows herself delicate and tender and kindly enough in 

giving them away afterwards。 

     Nay�察�even the fine dust which is sometimes blown out of volcanos is 

useful to countries far away。        So light it is�察�that it rises into the sky and is 

wafted by the wind across the seas。           So�察�in the year 1783�察�ashes from the 

Skaptar   Jokull�察  �in   Iceland�察  �were   carried   over   the   north   of   Scotland�察  �and 



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even into Holland�察�hundreds of miles to the south。 

     So�察  �again�察  �when   in   the   year   1812   the   volcano   of   St。   Vincent�察  �in   the 

West India Islands�察�poured out torrents of lava�察�after mighty earthquakes 

which   shook   all   that   part   of   the   world�察  �a   strange   thing   happened   ��about 

which I have often heard from those who saw it�� in the island of Barbados�察�

several   hundred   miles   away。        For   when   the   sun   rose   in   the   morning   ��it 

was a Sunday morning���察�the sky remained more dark than any night�察�and 

all the poor negroes crowded terrified out of their houses into the streets�察�

fancying   the   end   of   the   world   was   come。      But   a   learned   man   who   was 

there�察  �finding   that�察  �though   the   sun   was   risen�察  �it   was   still   pitchy   dark�察�

opened his window�察�and found that it was stuck fast by something on the 

ledge outside�察�and�察�when he thrust it open�察�found the ledge covered deep in 

soft   red   dust�察  �and   he   instantly   said�察  �like   a   wise   man   as   he   was�察   �The 

volcano of St。 Vincent must have broken out�察�and these are the ashes from 

it。;   Then he ran down stairs and quieted the poor negroes�察�telling them 

not to be afraid�察�for the end of the world was not coming just yet。                         But 

still the dust went on falling till the whole island�察�I am told�察�was covered 

an   inch   thick�察  �and   the   same   thing   happened   in   the   other   islands   round。 

People      thoughtand      they    had    reason    to  think    from    what     had   often 

happened   elsewherethat   though   the   dust   might   hurt   the   crops   for   that 

year�察�it would make them richer in years to come�察�because it would act as 

manure upon   the   soil�察  �and   so   it did   after   a   few  years�察  �but   it   did   terrible 

damage at the time�察�breaking off the boughs of trees and covering up the 

crops�察    �and   in  St。  Vincent     itself  whole     estates   were    ruined。    It   was    a 

frightful day�察�but I know well that behind that How there was a Why for its 

happening�察�and happening too�察�about that very time�察�which all who know 

the history of negro slavery in the West Indies can guess for themselves�察�

and   confess�察  �I   hope�察  �that   in   this   case�察  �as   in   all   others�察  �when   Lady  Why 

seems most severe she is often most just and kind。 

     Ah� �my dear child�察�that I could go on talking to you of this for hours 

and days�       �But I have time now only to teach you the alphabet of these 

mattersand�察�indeed�察�I   know little more   than the alphabet   myself�察�but if 

the   very   letters   of   Madam   How's   book�察  �and   the   mere   A�察  �B�察  �AB�察  �of   it�察�

which I am trying to teach you�察�are so wonderful and so beautiful�察�what 



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must its sentences be and its chapters�拭          �And what must the whole book be 

like�拭   �But that last none can read save He who wrote it before the worlds 

were made。 

     But   now   I   see   you   want   to   ask   a   question。 Let   us   have   it   out。 I 

would     sooner    answer    one   question     of  yours   than   tell  you   ten  things 

without your asking。 

     Is   there   potash   and   magnesia   and   silicates in   the   soil   here�拭�And   if 

there    is�察 �where   did   they   come    from�拭    �For    there   are  no   volcanos    in 

England。 

     Yes。    There are such things in the soil�察�and little enough of them�察�as 

the farmers here know too well。            For we here�察�in Windsor Forest�察�are on 

the very poorest and almost the newest soil in England�察�and when Madam 

How had used up all her good materials in making the rest of the island�察�

she carted away her dry rubbish and shot it down here for us to make the 

best of�察�and I do not think that we and our forefathers have done so very ill 

with it。    But where the rich part�察�or staple�察�of our soils came from first it 

would     be   very   difficult  to  say�察 �so  often   has   Madam   How       made�察   �and 

unmade�察�and re´made England�察�and sifted her materials afresh every time。 

But if you go to the Lowlands of Scotland�察�you may soon see where the 

staple of the soil came from there�察�and that I was right in saying that there 

were atoms of lava in every Scotch boy's broth。               Not that there were ever 

��as far as I know�� volcanos in Scotland or in England。                 Madam How has 

more than one string to her bow�察�or two strings either�察�so when she pours 

out    her   lavas�察 �she   does    not  always     pour   them    out   in  the  open    air。 

Sometimes she pours them out at the bottom of the sea�察�as she did in the 

north    of  Ireland   and    the  south´west     of  Scotland�察   �when    she   made    the 

Giant's Causeway�察�and Fingal's Cave in Staffa too�察�at the bottom of the old 

chalk    ocean�察   �ages   and   ages    since。   Sometimes       she   squirts   them    out 

between   the   layers   of   rock�察  �or   into   cracks   which   the   earthquakes   have 

made�察�in what are called trap dykes�察�of which there are plenty to be seen in 

Scotland�察�and in Wales likewise。 And then she lifts the earth up from the 

bottom of the sea�察�and sets the rain to wash away all the soft rocks�察�till the 

hard lava stands out in great hills upon the surface of the ground。                   Then 

the   rain   begins   eating   away   those   lava´hills   likewise�察  �and   manuring   the 



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                                MADAM HOW AND 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

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