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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及13何蛍

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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



the power which works by it�察─�which is as much as to say�察�that the engine 

is not the engine´driver�察�nor the spade the gardener。 

     There have always been�察�and always will be�察�a few people who cannot 

see   that。   They   think   that   a   man's   soul   is   part   of   his   body�察  �and   that   he 

himself is not one thing�察�but a great number of things。                 They think that 

his mind and character are only made up of all the thoughts�察�and feelings�察�

and   recollections   which   have   passed   through   his   brain�察  �and   that   as   his 

brain changes�察�he himself must change�察�and become another person�察�and 

then another person again�察�continually。            But do you not agree with them�此�

but keep in mind wise Herder's warning that you are not to ;confound the 

organ with the power�察─�or the   engine with the driver�察�or   your body  with 

yourself�此    �and then we will go on and consider how a volcano�察�and   the 

lava which flows from it�察�helps to make your body。 

     Now   I   know   that   the   Scotch   have   a   saying�察   �That   you   cannot   make 

broth out of whinstones; ��which is their name for lava��。              But�察�though they 

are very clever people�察�they are wrong there。               I never saw any broth in 

Scotland�察�as far as I know�察�but what whinstones had gone to the making of 

it�察�nor a Scotch boy who had not eaten many a bit of whinstone�察�and been 

all the better for it。 

     Of  course�察 �if  you   simply  put   the  whinstones into   a  kettle   and  boiled 

them�察�you would not get much out of them by such rough cookery as that。 

But Madam How is the best and most delicate of all cooks�察�and she knows 

how to pound�察�and soak�察�and stew whinstones so delicately�察�that she can 

make     them    sauce   and   seasoning     for  meat�察   �vegetables�察   �puddings�察   �and 

almost everything that you eat�察�and can put into your veins things which 

were spouted up red´hot by volcanos�察�ages and ages since�察�perhaps at the 

bottom of ancient seas which are now firm dry land。 

     This is very strangeas all Madam How's doings are。               And you would 

think it stranger still if you had ever seen the flowing of a lava stream。 

     Out of a cave of slag and cinders in the black hillside rushes a golden 

river�察�flowing like honey�察�and yet so tough that you cannot thrust a stick 

into it�察�and so heavy that great stones ��if you throw them on it�� float on the 

top�察�and are carried down like corks on water。             It is so hot that you cannot 

stand near it more than a few seconds�察�hotter�察�perhaps�察�than any fire you 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



ever saw�此�but as it flows�察�the outside of it cools in the cool air�察�and gets 

covered with slag   and cinders�察 �something   like   those which   you   may  see 

thrown      out   of  the   furnaces     in  the   Black    Country     of   Staffordshire。 

Sometimes these cling together above the lava stream�察�and make a tunnel�察�

through   the   cracks   in   which   you   may   see   the   fiery   river   rushing   and 

roaring down below。          But mostly they are kept broken and apart�察�and roll 

and slide over each other on the top of the lava�察�crashing and clanging as 

they  grind   together   with   a   horrid   noise。   Of   course   that   stream�察  �like   all 

streams�察�runs towards the lower grounds。               It slides down glens�察�and fills 

them up�察�down the beds of streams�察�driving off the water in hissing steam�察�

and sometimes ��as it did in Iceland a few years ago�� falls over some cliff�察�

turning what had been a water´fall into a fire´fall�察�and filling up the pool 

below with blocks of lava suddenly cooled�察�with a clang and roar like that 

of chains shaken or brazen vessels beaten�察�which is heard miles and miles 

away。     Of course�察�woe to the crops and gardens which stand in its way。 

It crawls over them all and eats them up。              It shoves down houses�察�it sets 

woods on fire�察�and sends the steam and gas out of the tree´trunks hissing 

into the air。     And ��curiously enough�� it does this often without touching 

the trees themselves。        It flows round the trunks ��it did so in a wood in the 

Sandwich Islands a few years ago���察�and of course sets them on fire by its 

heat�察  �till   nothing   is   left   of   them  but   blackened   posts。 But   the   moisture 

which comes out of the poor tree in steam blows so hard against the lava 

round that it can never touch the tree�察�and a round hole is left in the middle 

of   the   lava   where   the   tree   was。 Sometimes�察  �too�察  �the   lava   will   spit   out 

liquid fire among the branches of the trees�察�which hangs down afterwards 

from them in tassels of slag�察�and yet�察�by the very same means�察�the steam in 

the    branches    will   prevent    the  liquid   fire  burning     them   off�察 �or   doing 

anything but just scorch the bark。 

     But   I   can   tell   you   a   more   curious story  still。 The   lava   stream�察  �you 

must know�察�is continually sending out little jets of gas and steam�此                  �some 

of it it may have brought up from the very inside of the earth�察�most of it�察�I 

suspect�察�comes from the damp herbage and damp soil over which it runs。 

Be that as it may�察�a lava stream out of Mount Etna�察�in Sicily�察�came once 

down   straight   upon   the   town   of   Catania。      Everybody   thought   that   the 



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town   would   be swallowed   up�察  �and   the   poor   people   there   ��who   knew  no 

better��   began   to   pray   to   St。 Agathaa   famous   saint�察  �who�察  �they   say�察  �was 

martyred   there   ages   agoand   who�察  �they   fancy�察  �has   power   in   heaven   to 

save them from the lava stream。             And really what happened was enough 

to   make   ignorant   people�察  �such   as   they   were�察  �think   that   St。   Agatha   had 

saved   them。      The   lava   stream   came   straight   down   upon   the   town   wall。 

Another   foot�察  �and   it   would   have   touched   it�察  �and   have   begun   shoving   it 

down   with   a   force   compared   with   which   all   the   battering´rams   that   you 

ever read of in ancient histories would be child's toys。              But lo and behold� �

when the lava stream got within a few inches of the wall it stopped�察�and 

began to rear itself upright and build itself into a wall beside the wall。                  It 

rose and rose�察�till I believe in one place it overtopped the wall and began 

to curl over in a crest。       All expected that it would fall over into the town 

at last�此   �but no�察�there it stopped�察�and cooled�察�and hardened�察�and left the 

town unhurt。       All the inhabitants said�察�of course�察�that St。 Agatha had done 

it�此  �but learned men found out that�察�as usual Madam How had done it�察�by 

making it do itself。        The lava was so full of gas�察�which was continually 

blowing   out   in   little   jets�察  �that   when   it   reached   the  wall�察  �it   actually  blew 

itself back from the wall�察�and�察�as the wall was luckily strong enough not to 

be blown down�察�the lava kept blowing itself back till it had time to cool。 

And so�察�my dear child�察�there was no miracle at all in the matter�察�and the 

poor people of Catania had to thank not St。 Agatha�察�and any interference 

of hers�察�but simply Him who can preserve�察�just as He can destroy�察�by those 

laws of nature which are the breath of His mouth and the servants of His 

will。 

     But in many a case the lava does not stop。              It rolls on and on over the 

downs and through the valleys�察�till it reaches the sea´ shore�察�as it did in 

Hawaii in the Sandwich Islands this very year。 And then it cools�察�of course�察�

but often not before it has killed the fish by its sulphurous gases and heat�察�

perhaps for miles around。           And there is good reason to believe that the 

fossil   fish   which   we   so   often   find   in   rocks�察 �perfect in   every  bone�察  �lying 

sometimes in heaps�察�and twisted ��as I have seen them�� as if they had died 

suddenly and violently�察�were killed in this very way�察�either by heat from 

lava streams�察�or else by the bursting up of gases poisoning the water�察�in 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



earthquakes and eruptions in the bottom of the sea。               I could tell you many 

stories   of   fish  being   killed   in   thousands   by   earthquakes   and      volcanos 

during the last few years。         But we have not time to tell about everything 

     And   now   you   will   ask   me�察  �with   more   astonishment   than   ever�察  �what 

possible use can there be in these destroying streams of fire�拭�And certainly�察�

if you had ever seen a lava stream even when cool�察�and looked down�察�as I 

have done�察�at the great river of rough black blocks streaming away far and 

wide   over   the   land�察  �you   would   think   it   the   most   hideous   and   the   most 

useless thing   you   ever saw。        And   yet�察  �my  dear   child�察 �there   is   One   who 

told men to judge not according to the appearance�察�but to judge righteous 

judgment。       He   said   that   about   matters   spiritual   and   human�此    �but   it   is 

quite as true about matters natural�察�which also are His work�察�and all obey 

His will。 

     Now if you had seen�察�as I have seen�察�close round the edges of these 

lava streams�察�and sometimes actually upon them�察�or upon the great bed of 

dust    and   ashes    which    have   been    hurled   far  and   wide    out   of  ancient 

volcanos�察     �happy    homesteads�察     �rich   crops�察 �

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