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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及3何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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is digging away with   her soft spade�察�water。            She has a harder spade�察  �or 

rather plough�察�the strongest and most terrible of all ploughs�察�but that�察�I am 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



glad to say�察�she has laid by in England here。 

     Water�拭    �But water is too simple a thing to have dug out all this great 

glen。 

     My dear child�察�the most wonderful part of Madam How's work is�察�that 

she does such great things and so many different things�察�with one and the 

same tool�察�which looks to you so simple�察�though it really is not so。                 Water�察�

for   instance�察 �is not   a   simple   thing�察  �but   most   complicated�察  �and   we   might 

spend hours in talking about water�察�without having come to the end of its 

wonders。      Still Madam How is a great economist�察�and never wastes her 

materials。     She is like the sailor who boasted ��only she never boasts�� that�察�

if   he   had   but   a   long   life   and   a   strong   knife�察  �he   would   build   St。   Paul's 

Cathedral before he   was done。           And   Madam How  has   a   very  long life�察�

and plenty of time�察�and one of the strongest of all her tools is water。               Now 

if you will stoop down and look into the heather�察�I will show you how she 

is digging out the glen with this very mist which is hanging about our feet。 

At least�察�so I guess。 

     For   see   how   the   mist   clings   to   the   points   of   the   heather   leaves�察  �and 

makes   drops。      If   the   hot   sun   came   out   the   drops   would   dry�察  �and   they 

would vanish   into   the  air  in   light warm  steam。        But   now  that   it   is   dark 

and cold they drip�察�or run down the heather´stems�察�to the ground。                      And 

whither     do   they   go   then�拭   �Whither      will   the  water    go��hundreds      of 

gallons of it perhaps��which has dripped and run through the heather in 

this single day�拭      �It will sink into the ground�察�you know。            And then what 

will become of it�拭       �Madam How will use it as an underground spade�察�just 

as she uses the rain ��at least�察�when it rains too hard�察�and therefore the rain 

runs off the moor instead of sinking into it�� as a spade above ground。 

     Now come to the edge of the glen�察�and I will show you the mist that 

fell yesterday�察�perhaps�察�coming out of the ground again�察�and hard at work。 

     You know of what an odd�察�and indeed of what a pretty form all these 

glens   are。   How   the   flat   moor   ends   suddenly   in   a   steep   rounded   bank�察�

almost like the crest of a waveready like a wave´ crest to fall over�察�and as 

you know�察�falling over sometimes�察�bit by bit�察�where the soil is bare。 

     Oh�察 �yes�察  �you   are  very  fond   of those  banks。      It   is ;awfully  jolly�察─  �as 

you say�察�scrambling up and down them�察�in the deep heath and fern�察�besides�察�



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



there   are   plenty   of   rabbit´holes   there�察  �because   they   are   all   sand�察  �while 

there are no rabbit´holes on the flat above�察�because it is all gravel。 

     Yes�察�you know all about it�此        �but you know�察�too�察�that you must not go 

too   far   down   these   banks�察  �much   less   roll   down   them�察  �because   there   is 

almost certain to be a bog at the bottom�察�lying upon a gentle slope�察�and 

there you get wet through。 

     All round these hills�察�from here to Aldershot in one direction�察�and from 

here to Windsor in another�察�you see the same shaped glens�察�the wave´crest 

along their top�察�and at the foot of the crest a line of springs which run out 

over the slopes�察�or well up through them in deep sand´galls�察�as you   call 

themshaking   quagmires   which   are   sometimes   deep   enough   to   swallow 

up a horse�察�and which you love to dance upon in summer time。                    Now the 

water of all these springs is nothing but the rain�察�and mist�察�and dew�察�which 

has sunk down first through the peaty soil�察�and then through the gravel and 

sand�察   �and   there   has   stopped。    And     why�拭    �Because      under   the  gravel 

��about which I will tell you a strange story one day�� and under the sand�察�

which   is   what   the   geologists   call   the   Upper   Bagshot   sand�察  �there   is   an 

entirely different set of beds�察�which geologists call the Bracklesham beds�察�

from a place near the New Forest�察�and in those beds there is a vein of clay�察�

and through that clay the water cannot get�察�as you have seen yourself when 

we dug it out in the field below to puddle the pond´head�察�and very good 

fun you thought it�察�and a very pretty mess you made of yourself。                    Well�此�

because the water cannot get though this clay�察�and must go somewhere�察�it 

runs out continually along the top of the clay�察�and as it runs undermines 

the bank�察�and brings down sand and gravel continually for the next shower 

to wash into the stream below。 

     Now think for one moment how wonderful it is that the shape of these 

glens�察  �of   which   you   are   so   fond�察  �was   settled   by   the   particular   order   in 

which Madam How laid down the gravel and sand and mud at the bottom 

of the sea�察�ages and ages ago。         This is what I told you�察�that the least thing 

that Madam How does to´day may take effect hundreds and thousands of 

years hence。 

     But I must tell you I think there was a time when this glen was of a 

very different shape from what it is now�察�and I dare say�察�according to your 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



notions�察  �of   a   much   prettier   shape。   It   was   once   just   like   one   of   those 

Chines which we used to see at Bournemouth。 You recollect them�拭                      �How 

there was a narrow gap in the cliff of striped sands and gravels�察�and out of 

the mouth of that gap�察�only a few feet across�察�there poured down a great 

slope of mud and sand the shape of half a bun�察�some wet and some dry�察�up 

which we used to scramble and get into the Chine�察�and call the Chine what 

it was in the truest sense�察�Fairyland。           You recollect how it was all eaten 

out into mountain ranges�察�pinnacles�察�steep cliffs of white�察�and yellow�察�and 

pink�察  �standing   up   against   the   clear   blue   sky�察  �till   we   agreed   that�察  �putting 

aside the difference of size�察�they were as beautiful and grand as any Alps 

we had ever seen in pictures。            And how we saw ��for there could be no 

mistake   about   it   there��   that   the   Chine   was   being   hollowed   out   by   the 

springs which broke out high up the cliff�察�and by the rain which wore the 

sand into furrowed pinnacles and peaks。             You recollect the beautiful place�察�

and   how�察  �when   we   looked   back   down   it   we   saw   between   the   miniature 

mountain   walls   the   bright   blue   sea�察  �and   heard   it   murmur   on   the   sands 

outside。     So    I  verily   believe   we    might    have   done�察   �if  we  had    stood 

somewhere at the bottom of this glen thousands of years ago。                   We should 

have     seen   the  sea   in  front   of  us�察 �or   rather�察 �an   arm   of   the  sea�察  �for 

Finchampstead ridges opposite�察�instead of being covered with farms�察�and 

woodlands�察�and purple heath above�察�would have been steep cliffs of sand 

and clay�察�just like those you   see at Bournemouth now�察�andwhat   would 

have spoilt somewhat the beauty of the sightalong the shores there would 

have floated�察�at least in winter�察�great blocks and floes of ice�察�such as you 

might   have   seen   in   the   tideway   at   King's   Lynn   the   winter   before   last�察�

growling and crashing�察�grubbing and ploughing the sand�察�and the gravel�察�

and the mud�察�and sweeping them away into seas towards the North�察�which 

are now all fruitful land。        That may seem to you like a dream�此              �yet it is 

true�察�and some day�察�when we have another talk with Madam How�察�I will 

show even a child like you that it was true。 

     But what could change a beautiful Chine like that at Bournemouth into 

a   wide   sloping   glen   like   this   of   Bracknell's   Bottom�察  �with   a   wood   like 

Coombs'�察�many acres large�察�in the middle of it�拭              �Well now�察�think。       It is a 

capital plan for finding out Madam How's secrets�察�to see what she might 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



do in one place�察�and explain by it what she has done in another。                   Suppose 

now�察�Madam How had orders to lift up the whole coast of Bournemouth 

only  twenty   or   even   ten   feet   higher   out   of   the   sea   than   it   is   now。 She 

could   do   that   easily   enough�察  �for   she   has   been   doing   so   on   the   coast   of 

South America for ages�察�she has been doing so this very summer in what 

hasty people would call a hasty�察�and violent�察�and ruthless way�察�though  I 

shall not say so�察�for I believe that Lady Why knows best。 She is doing so 

now steadily on the west coast of Norway�察�which is rising quietlyall that 

vast range of mountain wall and iron´ bound cliffat the rate of some four 

feet in   a hundred   years�察 �without   making the   least noise   or   confusion�察 �or 

even causing an extra ripple on the sea�察�so light and gentle�察�when she will�察�

can Madam How's strong finger be。 

     Now�察�if the mouth of that Chine at Bournemouth was lifted twenty feet 

out of the sea�察�one thing would happen��that the high tide would not come 

up any longer�察�and wash away the cake of dirt at the entrance�察�as we saw it 

do so often。      But if the mud stopped there�察�the mud behind it would come 

down   more   sl

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