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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及4何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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up any longer�察�and wash away the cake of dirt at the entrance�察�as we saw it 

do so often。      But if the mud stopped there�察�the mud behind it would come 

down   more   slowly�察  �and   lodge   inside   more   and   more�察  �till   the   Chine   was 

half   filled´up�察  �and   only   the  upper   part   of   the   cliffs   continue   to   be   eaten 

away�察�above the level where the springs ran out。                So gradually the Chine�察�

instead of being deep and narrow�察�would become broad and shallow�察�and 

instead of hollowing itself rapidly after every shower of rain�察�as you saw 

the Chine at Bournemouth doing�察�would hollow itself out slowly�察�as this 

glen   is   doing   now。    And   one   thing   more   would   happen��when   the   sea 

ceased to gnaw at the foot of the cliffs outside�察�and to carry away every 

stone and grain of sand which fell from them�察�the cliffs would very soon 

cease to be cliffs�察�the rain and the frost would still crumble them down�察�

but the dirt that fell would lie at their feet�察�and gradually make a slope of 

dry land�察�far out where the shallow sea had been�察�and their tops�察�instead of 

being   steep   as   now�察  �would   become   smooth   and   rounded�察  �and   so   at   last�察�

instead of two sharp walls of cliff at the Chine's mouth�察�you might have  

just   what   you   have   here   at   the   mouth   of   this   glen��our   Mount   and   the 

Warren   Hill��long   slopes   with   sheets   of   drifted   gravel   and   sand   at   their 

feet�察�stretching down into what was once an icy sea�察�and is now the Vale of 

Blackwater。 And   this   I   really   believe   Madam   How   has   done   simply   by 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



lifting Hartford Bridge Flat a few more feet out of the sea�察�and leaving the 

rest to her trusty tool�察�the water in the sky。 

     That is my guess�此      �and I think it is a good guess�察�because I have asked 

Madam How a hundred different questions about it in the last ten years�察�

and   she   always   answered   them   in   the   same   way�察  �saying�察   �Water�察  �water�察�

you stupid man。;        But I do not want you merely to depend on what I say。 

If   you   want    to  understand    Madam   How�察      �you    must   ask   her  questions 

yourself�察 �and   make   up   your   mind   yourself   like   a   man�察 �instead   of   taking 

things at hearsay or second´hand�察�like the vulgar。             Mind�察�by ;the vulgar; I 

do not mean poor people�此�I mean ignorant and uneducated people�察�who do 

not use their brains rightly�察�though they may be fine ladies�察�kings�察�or popes。 

The Bible says�察 �Prove all things�此          �hold fast that which is good。;         So do 

you prove my guess�察�and if it proves good�察�hold it fast。 

     And how can I do that�拭�

     First�察�by direct experiment�察�as it is called。         In plain English go home 

and make a little Hartford Bridge Flat in the stable´yard�察�and then ask Mrs。 

How   if   she   will   not   make   a   glen   in   it   like   this   glen   here。 We   will   go 

home and try that。       We will make a great flat cake of clay�察�and put upon it 

a cap of sand�察�and then we will rain upon it out of a watering´pot�察�and see 

if Mrs。 How does not begin soon to make a glen in the side of the heap�察�

just like those on Hartford Bridge Flat。           I believe she will�察�and certainly�察�

if she does�察�it will be a fresh proof that my guess is right。               And then we 

will see whether water will not make glens of a different shape than these�察�

if it run over soils of a different kind。          We will make a Hartford Bridge 

Flat turned upside downa cake of sand with a cap of clay on the top�察�and 

we will rain on that out of our watering´pot�察�and see what sort of glens we 

make then。       I can guess what they will be like�察�because I have seen them´ 

´steep overhanging cliffs�察�with very narrow gullies down them�此                   �but you 

shall try for yourself�察�and make up your mind whether you think me right 

or   wrong。     Meanwhile�察  �remember   that   those   gullies   too   will   have   been 

made by water。 

     And there is another way of ;verifying my theory�察─�as it is called�察�in 

plain   English�察  �seeing   if   my   guess   holds   good�察  �that   is�察  �to   look   at   other 

valleysnot merely the valleys round here�察�but valleys in clay�察�in chalk�察�in 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



limestone�察�in the hard slate rock such as you saw in Devonshireand see 

whether my guess does not hold good about them too�察�whether all of them�察�

deep   or   shallow�察  �broad   or   narrow�察  �rock   or   earth�察  �may   not   have   been   all 

hollowed   out   by   running   water。       I   am   sure   if   you   would   do   this   you 

would      find  something      to  amuse    you�察  �and   something      to  instruct   you�察�

whenever       you   wish。    I  know     that  I  do。   To    me   the  longest    railroad 

journey�察�instead of being stupid�察�is like continually turning over the leaves 

of a wonderful book�察�or looking at wonderful pictures of old worlds which 

were made and unmade thousands of years ago。                   For I keep looking�察�not 

only  at   the   railway  cuttings�察  �where   the   bones   of   the   old   worlds   are   laid 

bare�察�but at the surface of the ground�察�at the plains and downs�察�banks and 

knolls�察�hills and mountains�察�and continually asking Mrs。 How what gave 

them each its shape�此�and I will soon teach you to do the same。                  When you 

do�察  �I   tell   you   fairly   her   answer   will   be   in   almost   every   case�察   �Running 

water。; Either water running when soft�察�as it usually is�察�or water running 

when it is hardin plain words�察�moving ice。 

     About that moving ice�察�which is Mrs。 How's stronger spade�察�I will tell 

you some other time�察�and show you�察�too�察�the marks of it in every gravel pit 

about here。      But now�察�I see�察�you want to ask a question�察�and what is it�拭�

     Do I mean to say that water has made great valleys�察�such as you have 

seen paintings and photographs of��valleys thousands of feet deep�察�among 

mountains thousands of feet high�拭�

     Yes�察�I do。     But�察�as I said before�察�I do not like you to take my word 

upon trust。      When you are older you shall go to the mountains�察�and you 

shall   judge   for   yourself。    Still�察  �I  must   say   that   I   never   saw   a  valley�察�

however deep�察�or a cliff�察�however high�察�which had not been scooped out 

by water�察�and that even the mountain´tops which stand up miles aloft in 

jagged peaks and pinnacles against the sky were cut out at first�察�and are 

being cut and sharpened still�察�by little else save water�察�soft and hard�察�that is�察�

by rain�察�frost�察�and ice。 

     Water�察  �and   nothing   else�察  �has   sawn   out   such   a   chasm  as   that   through 

which the ships run up to Bristol�察�between Leigh Wood and St。 Vincent's 

Rocks。       Water�察    �and    nothing    else�察  �has   shaped     those    peaks    of   the 

Matterhorn�察�or the Weisshorn�察�or the Pic du Midi of the Pyrenees�察�of which 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



you   have   seen   sketches   and   photographs。     Just   so   water   might   saw   out 

Hartford Bridge Flat�察�if it had time enough�察�into a labyrinth of valleys�察�and 

hills�察�and peaks standing alone�察�as it has done already by Ambarrow�察�and 

Edgbarrow�察�and the Folly Hill on the other side of the vale。 

     I see you are astonished at the notion that water can make Alps。 But it 

was just because I knew you would be astonished at Madam How's doing 

so great a thing with so simple a tool�察�that I began by showing you how 

she was doing the same thing in a small way here upon these flats。                    For 

the safest way to learn Madam How's methods is to watch her at work in 

little corners at commonplace business�察�which will not astonish or frighten 

us�察  �nor   put   huge   hasty   guesses   and   dreams   into   our   heads。  Sir   Isaac 

Newton�察�some will tell you�察�found out the great law of gravitation�察�which 

holds true of all the suns and stars in heaven�察�by watching an apple fall�此�

and even if he did not find it out so�察�he found it out�察�we know�察�by careful 

thinking   over   the   plain   and   commonplace   fact�察  �that   things   have   weight。 

So do you be humble and patient�察�and watch Madam How at work on little 

things。    For that is the way to see her at work upon all space and time。 

     What�拭�you have a question more to ask�拭�

     Oh�    �I talked about Madam How lifting up Hartford Bridge Flat。 How 

could she do that�拭       �My dear child�察�that is a long story�察�and I must tell it 

you some other time。        Meanwhile�察�did you ever see the lid of a kettle rise 

up and shake when the water inside boiled�拭�Of course�察�and of course�察�too�察�

remember that Madam How must have done it。                  Then think over between 

this and our next talk�察�what that can possibly have to do with her lifting up 

Hartford Bridge Flat。        But you have been longing�察�perhaps�察�all this time 

to   hear   more   about   Lady   Why�察  �and   why   she   set   Madam   How   to   make 

Bracknell's Bottom。 

     My dear child�察�the only answer I dare give to that is�此           �Whatever other 

purposes she may have made it for�察�she made it at least for thisthat you 

and I should come to it this day�察�and look at�察�and talk over it�察�and become 

thereby wiser and more earnest�察�and we will hope more humble and better 

people。     Whatever else Lady Why may wish or not wish�察�this she wishes 

always�察�to make all men wise and all men good。                 For what is written of 

her whom�察�as in a parable�察�I have called Lady Why�拭�



                                

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