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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及8何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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perhaps the whole world what would they think of the ball's filling and 

growing bigger�拭�

     If they could see the sides of the basin or tub in which the ball was�察�

and were sure that they did not move�察�then they would soon judge by them 

that they themselves were moving�察�and that the ball was rising out of the 

water。    But if the ants were so short´ sighted that they could not see the 

sides   of   the   basin�察  �they   would   be   apt   to   make   a   mistake�察  �because   they 



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would then be like men on an island out of sight of any other land。                      Then 

it   would   be   impossible   further   to   tell   whether   they   were   moving   up�察  �or 

whether the water was moving down�察�whether their ball was rising out of 

the   water�察  �or   the   water   was   sinking   away   from   the   ball。     They   would 

probably say�察 �The water is sinking and leaving the ball dry。; 

     Do     you   understand      that�拭  �Then      think   what    would    happen     if  you 

pricked a hole in the ball。         The air inside would come hissing out�察�and the 

ball would sink again into the water。              But the ants would probably fancy 

the very opposite。         Their little heads would be full of the notion that the 

ball was solid and could not move�察�just as our heads are full of the notion 

that the earth is solid and cannot move�察�and they would say�察 �Ah� �here is 

the   water   rising   again。;    Just   so�察  �I   believe�察  �when   the   sea   seems   to   ebb 

away during the earthquake�察�the land is really being raised out of the sea�察�

hundreds   of   miles   of   coast�察  �perhaps�察  �or   a   whole   island�察  �at   once�察  �by   the 

force   of   the   steam   and   gas    imprisoned   under   the   ground。   That         steam 

stretches and strains the solid rocks below�察�till they can bear no more�察�and 

snap�察  �and     crack�察  �with   frightful   roar   and   clang�察   �then   out   of   holes  and 

chasms in the ground rush steam�察�gasesoften foul and poisonous ones 

hot water�察�mud�察�flame�察�strange stonesall signs that the great boiler down 

below has burst at last。 

     Then the strain is eased。           The earth sinks together again�察�as the ball 

did   when   it   was   pricked�察  �and   sinks   lower�察  �perhaps�察  �than   it   was   before�此�

and back rushes the sea�察�which the earth had thrust away while it rose�察�and 

sweeps in�察�destroying all before it。 

     Of   course�察  �there   is   a   great   deal   more   to   be   said   about   all   this�此  �but   I 

have   no   time   to   tell   you   now。  You   will   read   it�察  �I   hope�察  �for   yourselves 

when you grow up�察�in the writings of far wiser men than I。                       Or perhaps 

you   may feel for yourselves in foreign lands the actual shock of a   great 

earthquake�察  �or   see   its   work   fresh   done   around   you。        And   if   ever   that 

happens�察     �and   you    be  preserved     during    the   danger�察   �you   will   learn   for 

yourself�察�I trust�察�more about earthquakes than I can teach you�察�if you will 

only bear in mind the simple general rules for understanding the ;how; of 

them which I have given you here。 

     But you do not seem satisfied yet�拭            �What is it that you want to know�拭�



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     Oh�     �There was an earthquake here in England the other night�察�while 

you   were   asleep�察  �and   that   seems   to   you   too   near   to   be   pleasant。 Will 

there ever be earthquakes in England which will throw houses down�察�and 

bury people in the ruins�拭�

     My dear child�察�I think you may set your heart at rest upon that point。 

As   far   as   the   history   of   England   goes   back�察  �and   that   is   more   than   a 

thousand years�察�there is no account of any earthquake which has done any 

serious   damage�察  �or   killed�察  �I   believe�察  �a   single   human   being。   The   little 

earthquakes which are sometimes felt in England run generally up one line 

of country�察�from Devonshire through Wales�察�and up the Severn valley into 

Cheshire and Lancashire�察�and the south´west of Scotland�察�and they are felt 

more smartly there�察�I believe�察�because the rocks are harder there than here�察�

and more tossed about by earthquakes which happened ages and ages ago�察�

long before man lived on the earth。             I will show you the work of these 

earthquakes some day�察�in the tilting and twisting of the layers of rock�察�and 

in   the   cracks   ��faults�察 �as  they   are   called��   which    run   through    them    in 

different   directions。     I   showed   you   some   once�察  �if   you   recollect�察  �in   the 

chalk cliff at Ramsgatetwo set of cracks�察�sloping opposite ways�察�which I 

told you were made by two separate sets of earthquakes�察�long�察�long ago�察�

perhaps while the chalk was still at the bottom of a deep sea。                But even in 

the rocky parts of England the earthquake´force seems to have all but died 

out。    Perhaps the crust of the earth has become too thick and solid there 

to be much shaken by the gases and steam below。                  In this eastern part of 

England�察�meanwhile�察�there is but little chance that an earthquake will ever 

do much harm�察�because the ground here�察�for thousands of feet down�察�is not 

hard and rocky�察�but softsands�察�clays�察�chalk�察�and sands again�察�clays�察�soft 

limestones�察     �and   clays   againwhich      all  act   as  buffers   to   deaden    the 

earthquake shocks�察�and deaden too the earthquake noise。 

     And how�拭�

     Put your ear to one end of a soft bolster�察�and let some one hit the other 

end。     You   will   hear   hardly  any  noise�察  �and   will not   feel   the   blow  at   all。 

Put your ear to one end of a hard piece of wood�察�and let some one hit the 

other。     You   will   hear   a   smart   tap�察  �and   perhaps   feel   a   smart   tap�察  �too。 

When you are older�察�and learn the laws of sound�察�and of motion among the 



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particles   of   bodies�察  �you   will   know   why。     Meanwhile   you   may   comfort 

yourself with the thought that Madam How has ��doubtless by command of 

Lady Why�� prepared a safe soft bed for this good people of Britainnot 

that they  may  lie   and   sleep on   it�察�but   work   and till�察 �plant   and build   and 

manufacture�察�and thrive in peace and comfort�察�we will trust and pray�察�for 

many   a   hundred   years   to   come。      All   that   the   steam   inside   the   earth   is 

likely to do to us�察�is to raise parts of this island ��as Hartford Bridge Flats 

were raised�察�ages ago�察�out of the old icy sea�� so slowly�察�probably�察�that no 

man can tell whether they are rising or not。                Or again�察�the steam´power 

may be even now dying out under our island�察�and letting parts of it sink 

slowly  into   the  sea�察  �as   some   wise   friends   of   mine   think   that   the   fens   in 

Norfolk and Cambridgeshire are sinking now。                   I have shown you where 

that kind of work has gone on in Norfolk�察�how the brow of Sandringham 

Hill was once a sea´cliff�察�and Dersingham Bog at its foot a shallow sea�察�

and   therefore   that   the   land   has   risen   there。   How�察  �again�察  �at   Hunstanton 

Station there is a beach of sea´shells twenty feet above high´water mark�察�

showing   that the   land   has   risen   there   likewise。     And   how�察 �farther   north 

again�察�at Brancaster�察�there are forests of oak�察�and fir�察�and alder�察�with their 

roots still in the  soil�察�far below high´water  mark�察�and only uncovered   at 

low   tide�察  �which   is   a   plain   sign   that   there   the   land   has   sunk。 You   surely 

recollect     the  sunken     forest  at  Brancaster�察    �and   the   beautiful   shells   we 

picked up in its gullies�察�and the millions of live Pholases boring into the 

clay and peat which once was firm dry land�察�fed over by giant oxen�察�and 

giant    stags   likewise�察   �and   perhaps    by   the  mammoth       himself�察   �the   great 

woolly elephant whose teeth the fishermen dredge up in the sea outside�拭�

You     recollect    that�拭  �Then     remember       that  as   that  Norfolk     shore    has 

changed�察  �so   slowly   but   surely   is   the   whole   world   changing   around   us。 

Hartford Bridge Flat here�察�for instance�察�how has it changed�                   �Ages ago it 

was   the   gravelly   bottom   of   a   sea。   Then   the   steam´power   underground 

raised it up slowly�察�through long ages�察�till it became dry land。                  And ages 

hence�察�perhaps�察�it will have become a sea´ bottom once more。                        Washed 

slowly     by    the  rain�察  �or   sunk   by    the  dying    out   of   the   steam´power 

underground�察  �it   will   go   down   again   to   the   place   from   whence   it   came。 

Seas will roll where we stand now�察�and new lands will rise where seas now 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



roll。   For   all   things   on   this   earth�察  �from   the   tiniest   flower   to   the   tallest 

mountain�察�change and change all day long。              Every atom of matter moves 

perpetually�察    �and   nothing    ;continues    in  one   stay。;   The    solid´seeming 

earth on which you stand is but a heaving bubble�察�bursting ever and anon 

in this place and in that。      Only above all�察�and through all�察�and with all�察�is 

One who does not move nor change�察�but is the same yesterday�察�to´day�察�and 

for ever。    And on Him�察�my child�察�and not on this bubble of an earth�察�do 

you and I�察�and all mankind�察�depend。 

     But I h

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