the history of the common law of england-第26部分
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her before the ordinarY Courts of Jurats there； or by the Justices Itinerant there； commissioned under the Great Seal of England； to determine Matters there arising； and the Reason is； because their Course of Proceedings； and their Laws； differ from the Course of Proceedings and the Laws of England。 And altho' it be true； that in ancient Times； since the Loss of Normandy； some scattering Instances are of Pleas moved here touching Things done in those Islands； yet the general settled Rule has been to remit them to those Islands； to be tried and determined there by their Law； tho' at this Day the Courts at Westminster hold Plea of all transitory Actions wheresoever they arise； for it cannot appear upon the Record where they did arise。 Mic。 42 E。 2。 Rot。 45。 coram Rege。 A great Complaint was made by Petition； against the Deputy Governor of those Islands； for divers Oppressions and Wrongs done there： This Petition was by the Chancellor delivered into the Court of B。 R。 to proceed upon it； whereupon there were Pleadings on both Sides； but because it appeared to be for Things done and transacted in the said Islands； Judgment was thus given： Et quia Negotiam praedict' in Curia hic terminari non potest； eo quod Juratores Insulae praedict' coram Justitiariis hic venire non possunt； nec de Jure debent； nec aliqua Negotia infra Insula praedicta emergentia terminari non debent； nisi secundum Consuet。 Insulae Praedictae。 Ideo Recordum retro traditur Cancellario ut inde fiat Commissio Domini Regis ad Negotia praedicta in Insula praedicta audienda & Terminanda secundum Consuet' Insulae praedictae。 And accordingly 14 Junii； 1565； upon a Report from the Attorney General； and Advice with the two Chief Justices； a general Direction was given by the Queen and her Council； That all Suits between the Islanders； or wherein one Party was an Islander； for Matters arising within the Islands； should be there heard and determined。 But still this is to be taken with this Distinction and Limitation； viz。 That where the Suit is immediately for the King； there the King may make his Suit in any of the Courts here； especially in the Court of King's…Bench： For Instance； in a Quare Impedit brought by the King in B。 R。 here for a Church in those Islands； so in a Qiuo Warranto for Liberties there； so a Demand of Redemption of Lands sold by the King's Tenant within a Year and a Day according to the Custom of Normandy； so in an Information for a Riot； or grand Contempt against a Governor deputed by the King。 These and the like Suits have been maintained by the King in his Court of King's…Bench here； tho' for Matters arising within those Islands： This appears； Paschae 16 E。 2。 coram Rege； Rot。 82。 Mich。 18 E。 2。 Rot。 123； 124； 125。 & Pas。 I E。 3。 Rot。 59。 And for the same Reason it is； that a Writ of Habeas Corpus lies into those Islands for one imprisoned there； for the King may demand； and must have an Account of the Cause of any of his Subjects Loss of Liberty； and therefore a Return must be made of this Writ； to give the Court an Account of the Cause of Imprisonment； for no Liberty； whether of a County Palatine； or other； holds Place against those Brevia Mandatoria； as that great Instance of punishing the Bishop of Durham for refusing to execute a Writ of Habeas Corpus out of the King's Bench； 33 E。 I。 makes evident。 And as Pleas arising in the Islands regularly； ought not in the first Instance to be deduced into the Courts here； （except in the King's Case；） so neither ought they to be deduced into the King's Courts here in the second Instance； and therefore if a Sentence or Judgment be given in the Islands； the Party grieved thereby； may have his Appeal to the King and his Council to reverse the same if there be Cause。 And this was the Course of Relief in the Dutchy of Normandy； viz。 by Appeal to the Duke and his Council； and in the same Manner； it is still observed in the Case of erroneous Decrees or Sentences in those Islands； viz。 To appeal to the King and his Council。 But the Errors in such Decrees or Sentences are not examined by Writ of Error in the King's…Bench； for these Reasons； viz。 1st。 Because the Courts there； and those here； go not by the same Rule； Method； or Order of Law。 And 2dly； Because those Islands； though they are Parcel of the Dominion of the Crown of England； yet they are not Parcel of the Realm of England； nor indeed ever were； but were anciently Parcel of the Dutchy of Normandy； and are those Rewains thereof which the Power of the Crown and Kingdom of France have not been able to wrest from the Kings of England。 X。 Concerning the Communication of the Laws of England unto the Kingdom of Scotland Because this Inquiry will be of Use； not only in itself； but also as a Parallel Discovery of the Transmission of the English Laws into Scotland； as before is shewn they were into Normandy； I shall in this Chapter pursue and solve their several Queries； viz。 1st； What Laws of Scotland hold a Congruity and Suitableness with those of England。 2dly； Whether these be a sufficient Ground for us to suppose； that that Similitude or Congruity began with a Conformation of their Laws to those of England。 And； 3dly； What might be reasonably judged to be the Means or Reason of the Conformation of their Laws unto the Laws of England。 As to the First of these Inquiries； It is plain； beyond all Contradiction； that many of the Laws of Scotland hold a Congruity and Similitude； and many of them a perfect Identity with the Laws of England； at least as the English Laws stood in the Times of Hen。 2。 Richard I。 King John； Henry 3。 and Edw。 I。 And altho； in Scotland； Use hath always been made of the Civil Law； in point of Direction or Guidance； where their Municipal Laws； either Customary or Parliamentary failed； yet as to their particular Municipal Laws； we shall find a Resemblance； Parity and Identity； in their Laws with the Laws of England； anciently in Use； and we need go no further for Evidence hereof； than the Regiam Majestatem； a Book published by Mr Skeen in Scotland。 It would be too long to Instance in all the Points that might be produced； and therefore I shall single out some few； remitting the Reader for his further Satisfaction to the Book itself。 Dower of the Wife to be the Third Part of her Husband's Lands of Inheritance； the Writ to recover the same； the Means of forfeiting thereof by Treason or Felony of the Husband or Adultery of the Wife； are in great Measure conformable to the Laws of England。 Vide Regiam Majestatem； Lib。 2。 cap。 16； 17。 and Quoniam Attachiamento； cap。 85。 The Exclusion of the Descent to the elder Brother by his receiving Homage； which tho' now antiquated in England； was anciently received here for Law； as appears by Glanville； Lib。 7。 cap。 I。 and Vide Regiam Majestatem； Lib。 2。 cap。 22。 The Exclusion of Daughters from Inheritances by a Son： The Descent to all the Daughters in Coparcenary for want of Sons； the chief House allotted to the eldest Daughter upon this Partition； the Descent to the Collateral Heirs； for want of Lineal； &c。 Ibid。 cap。 24； 25； 26； 27； 28； 33； 34。 But this is now altered in some Things Per Stat。 Rob。 cap。 3。 The full Ages of Males 21； of Females 14； to be out of Ward in Socage 16。 Ibid。 cap。 42。 That the Custody of Idiots belonged to the King； Ibid。 cap。 46。 The Custody of Heirs in Socage belong to the next of Kin； to whom the Inheritance can't descend。 Vide Regiam Majest。 cap。 47。 The Son born before Marriage； or Bastard eigne； not to be legitimate by the Marriage after； nor was he hereditable by the ancient Laws of Scotland； though afterward altered in Use； as it seems； Regiam Majest。 cap。 51。 The Confiscation of Bona Usurariorum； after their Death； conform to the old Law here used。 Ibid。 cap。 54。 tho' now antiquated。 The Laws of Escheats； for want of Heirs； or upon Attainder。 Ibid。 cap。 55。 The Acquittal of Lands given in Frank…Marriage； till the fourth Degree be past； Ibid。 cap。 57。 Homage； the Manner of making it with the Persons； by； or to whom； as in England； Ibid。 cap。 61； 62； 63； &c。 The Relief of an Heir in Knights Service； of full Age； Regiam Majestatem； cap。 17。 The Preference of the Sister of the whole Blood； before the Sister of the half Blood。 Quoniam Attachiamento； cap。 89。 The single Value of the Marriage； and Forfeiture of the double Value； precisely agree with the Statute of Marlbridge。 Ibid。 cap。 91。 The Forfeiture of the Lord's disparaging his Ward in Marriage； agrees with Magna Charta； and the Statute of Marlbridge。 Quoniam Attachiamento； cap。 92。 The Preference of the Lord by Priority to the Custody of the Ward。 Ibid。 cap。 95。 The Punishment of the Ravisher of a Ward； by two Years Imprisonment； &c。 as here。 Ibid。 cap。 90。 The Jurisdiction of the Lord in Infangtheof。 Ibid。 cap。 100。 Goods confiscate； and Deodands； as here； Liber De Modo tenendi Cur。 Baron。 cap。 62； 63； 64。 And the like of Waifs。 Ibid。 cap。 65。 Widows； not to marry without Consent of the Lord； Statute Mesei。 2。 cap。 23。 Wreck of the Sea； defined precisely as in the Statute Westm。 2。 Vide Ibid。 cap。 25。 The Division of the Deceased's Goods； one Third to the Wife； another Third to the Children； and another to the Executor； &c。 conformable to the ancient Law of England； and the Custom of the North to this Day。 Lib。 2。 cap。 37。 Also the Proceedings to recover Possessions； by Mortdancester； Juris Utrum； Assise de Novel disseisin； &c。 The Writs and Process are much the same with those in England； and are directed according to Glanville； and the old Statutes in the Time of Edw。 I。 and Hen。 3。 Vide Regiam Majestat。 Lib。 3。 cap。 27 to 36。 Many more Instances might be given of many of the Municipal Laws of Scotland； either precisely the same with those in England； or very near； and like to them： Tho' it is true； they have some particular Laws that hold not that Conformity to ours； which were introduced either by particular or common Customs； or by Acts of their Parliaments。 But； by what has been said and
