history of friedrich ii of prussia v 19-第34部分
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onths ago; and in one month more the equinoctial storms will blow his Fleet and him away。 Quebec; then; and the preservation of the Colony; you think; must be as good as safe?〃 Alas; the fact is far otherwise。 The capture of Quebec depends on what we call a stroke…of…hand'But let us take to the Original now; for Prediction First':
〃La prise de Quebec depend d'un coup de main。 Les Anglais sont maitres de la riviere: ils n'ont qu'a effectuer une descente sur la rive ou cette Ville; sans fortifications et sans defense; est situee。 Les voila en etat de me presenter la bataille; que je ne pourrais plus refuser; et que je ne devrais pas gagner。 M。 Wolfe; en effet; s'il entend son metier; n'a qu'a essuyer le premier feu; venir ensuite a grands pas sur mon armee; faire a bout portant sa decharge; mes Canadiens; sans discipline; sourds a la voix du tambour et des instrumens militaires; deranges pa cette escarre; ne sauront plus reprendre leurs rangs。 Ils sont d'ailleurs sans baionettes pour repondre a celles de l'ennemi: il ne leur reste qu'a fuir;et me voila battu sans ressource。 'This is a curiously exact Prediction! I won't survive; however; defeat here; in this stage of our affairs; means loss of America altogether:' il est des situations ou il ne reste plus a un General que de perir avec honneur。 。。。 Mes sentimens sont francais; et ils le seront jusque dans le tombeau; si dans le tombeau on est encore quelque chose。
〃Je me consolerai du moins de ma defaite; et de la perte de la Colonie; par l'intime persuasion ou je suis 'Prediction Second; which is still more curious'; que cette defaite vaudra; un jour; a ma Patrie plus qu'une victoire; et que le vainqueur; en s'agrandissant; trouvera un tombeau dans son agrandissement meme。
〃Ce que j'avance ici; mon cher Cousin; vous paraitra un paradoxe: mais un moment de reflexion politique; un coup d'oeil sur la situation des choses en Amerique; et la verite de mon opinion brillera dans tout son jour。 'Nobody will obey; unless necessity compel him: VOILA LES HOMMES; GENE of any kind a nuisance to them; and of all men in the world LES ANGLAIS are the most impatient of obeying anybody。' Mais si ce sont…la les Anglais de l'Europe; c'est encore plus les Anglais d'Amerique。 Une grande partie de ces Colons sont les enfans de ces hommes qui s'expatrierent dans ces temps de trouble ou l'ancienne Angleterre; en proie aux divisions; etait attaquee dans ses privileges et droits; et allerent chercher en Amerique une terre ou ils pussent vivre et mourir libres et presque independants:et ces enfans n'ont pas degenere des sentimens republicains de leurs peres。 D'autres sont des hommes ennemis de tout frein; de tout assujetissement; que le gouvernement y a transportes pour leurs crimes; D'autres; enfin; sont un ramas de differentes nations de l'Europe; qui tiennent tres…peu a l'ancienne Angleterre par le coeur et le sentiment; tous; en general; ne ce soucient gueres du Roi ni du Parlement d'Angleterre。
〃Je les connais bien;non sur des rapports etrangers; mais sur des correspondances et des informations secretes; que j'ai moi…meme menagees; et dont; un jour; si Dieu me prete vie; je pourrai faire usage a l'avantage de ma Patrie。 Pour surcroit de bonheur pour eux; tous ces Colons sont parvenues; dans un etat tres…florissant; ils sont nombreux et riches:ils recueillent dans le sein de leur patrie toutes les necessites de la vie。 L'ancienne Angleterre a ete assez sotte; et assez dupe; pour leur laisser etablir chez eux les arts; les metiers; les manufactures:c'est a dire; qu'elle leur a laisse briser la chaine de besoins qui les liait; qui les attachait a elle; et qui les fait dependants。 Aussi toutes ces Colonies Anglaises auraient…elles depuis longtemps secoue le joug; chaque province aurait forme une petite republique independante; si la crainte de voir les Francais a leur Porte n'avait ete un frein qui les avait retenu。 Maitres pour maitres; ils ont pefere leurs compatriotes aux etrangers; prenant cependant pour maxime de n'obeir que le moins qu'ils pourraient。 Mais que le Canada vint a etre conquis; et que les Canadiens et ces Colons ne fussent plus qu'une seul peuple;et la premiere occasion ou l'ancienne Angleterre semblerait toucher a leurs interets; croyez…vous; mon cher Cousin; que ces Colons obeiront? Et qu'auraient…ils a craindre en se revoltant? 。。。 Je suis si sur de ce que j'ecris; que je ne donnerais pas dix ans apres la conquete du Canada pour en voir l'accomplissement。
〃Voila ce que; comme Francais; me console aujourd'hui du danger imminent; que court ma Patrie; de voir cette Colonie perdue pour elle。〃 'In Beatson; Lieutenant…Colonel R。E。; The Plains of Abraham; Notes original and selected (Gibraltar; Garrison Library Press; 1858); pp。 38 et seq。: Extract from 〃Lettres de M。 le Marquis de Montcalm a MM。 De Berryer et De la Mole: 1757…1759 (Londres; 1777);〃which is not in the British…Museum Library; on applying; and seems to be a forgotten Book。 (NOTE OF FIRST EDITION; 1865。)
〃A Copy is in the BOSTON ATHENAEUM LIBRARY; New…England: it is a Pamphlet rather than a Book; contains Two Letters to Berryer MINISTRE DE LA MARINE; besides this to Mole the Cousin: Publisher is the noted J。 Almon;in French and English。〃 (From Boston Sunday Courier; of 19th April; 1868; where this Letter is reproduced。)
In the Temple Library; London; I have since found a Copy: and; on strict survey; am obliged to pronounce the whole Pamphlet a FORGERY;especially the Two Letters to 〃Berryer MINISTER OF MARINE;〃 who was not yet Minister of anything; nor thought of as likely to be; for many months after the date of these Letters addressed to him as such! Internal evidence too; were such at all wanted; is abundant in these BERRYER Letters; which are of gross and almost stupid structure in comparison to the MOLE one。 As this latter has already got into various Books; and been argued of in Parliaments and high places (Lord Shelburne asserting it to be spurious; Lord Mansfield to be genuine: REPORT OF PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES in Gentleman's Magazine for NOVEMBER and for DECEMBER; 1777; pp。 515; 560);it may be allowed to continue here in the CONDEMNED state。 Forger; probably; some Ex…Canadian; or other American ROYALIST; anxious to do the Insurgent Party and their British Apologists an ill turn; in that critical year;had shot off his Pamphlet to voracious Almon; who prints without preface or criticism; and even without correcting the press。 (NOTE OF JULY; 1868。)'
Montcalm had been in the Belleisle RETREAT FROM PRAG (December; 1742); in the terrible EXILLES Business (July; 1747); where the Chevalier de Belleisle and 4 or 5;000 lost their lives in about an hour。 Captain Cook was at Quebec; Master in the Royal Navy; 〃sounding the River; and putting down buoys。〃 Bougainville; another famous Navigator; was Aide…de…Camp of Montcalm。 There have been far…sounding Epics built together on less basis than lies ready here; in this CAPTURE OF QUEBEC;which itself; as the Decision that America is to be English and not French; is surely an Epoch in World…History! Montcalm was 48 when he perished; Wolfe 33。 Montcalm's skull is in the Ursulines Convent at Quebec;shown to the idly curious to this day。 'Lieutenant…Colonel Beatson; pp。 28; 15。'
It was on October 17th;while Friedrich lay at Sophienthal; lamed of gout; and Soltikof had privately fixed for home (went that day week);that this glorious bit of news reached England。 It was only three days after that other; bad and almost hopeless news; from the same quarter; news of poor Wolfe's Repulse; on the other or eastern side of Quebec; July 31st; known to us already; not known in England till October 14th。 Heightened by such contrast; the news filled all men with a strange mixture of emotions。 〃The incidents of Dramatic Fiction;〃 says one who was sharer in it; 〃could not have been conducted with more address to lead an audience from despondency to sudden exultation; than Accident had here prepared to excite the passions of a whole People。 They despaired; they triumphed; and they wept;for Wolfe had fallen in the hour of victory! Joy; grief; curiosity; astonishment; were painted in every countenance: the more they inquired; the higher their admiration rose。 Not an incident but was heroic and affecting。〃 'Walpole; iii。 219。' America ours; but the noble Wolfe now not!
What Pitt himself said of these things; we do not much hear。 On the meeting of his Parliament; about a month hence; his Speech; somebody having risen to congratulate and eulogize him; is still recognizably of royal quality; if we evoke it from the Walpole Notes。 Very modest; very noble; true; and with fine pieties and magnanimities delicately audible in it: 〃Not a week all Summer but has been a crisis; in which I have not known whether I should not be torn to pieces; instead of being commended; as now by the Honorable Member。 The hand of Divine Providence; the more a man is versed in business; the more he everywhere traces that! 。。。 Success has given us unanimity; not unanimity success。 For my own poor share; I could not have dared as I have done; except in these times。 Other Ministers have hoped as well; but have not been so circumstanced to dare so much。 。。。 I think the stone almost rolled to the top of the hill; but let us have a care; it may rebound; and hideously drag us down with it again。〃 'Ib。 iii。 225; Thackeray; i。 446。'
The essential truth; moreover; is; Pitt has become King of England; so lucky has poor England; in its hour of crisis; again been。 And the difference between an England guided by some kind of Friedrich (temporary Friedrich; absolute; though of insecure tenure); and by a Newcastle and the Clack of Tongues; is very great! But for Pitt; there had been no Wolfe; no Amherst; Duke Ferdinand had been the Royal Highness of Cumberland;and all things going round him in St。 Vitus; at their old rate。 This man is a King; for the time being;King really of the Friedrich type; and rules; Friedrich himself not more despotically; where need is。 Pitt's War…Offices; Admiralties; were not of themselves quick…going entities; but Pitt made them go。 Slow…paced Lords in Office have remonstrated; on more than one occasion: 〃Impossible; Sir; t