history of friedrich ii of prussia v 19-第48部分

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o　keeping　of　them　to　their　word；　but　they　tried　it　a　second　time；　last　year　（October；　1759）；　and　by　careful　urging　and　guiding；　were　got　dragged　through　it；　and　the　prisoners　on　both　sides　sent　to　their　colors　again。　After　which；　it　was　a　settled　line　of　policy；　〃No　more　exchanging　or　cartelling；　we　will　starve　him　out　in　that　article！〃　And　had　Friedrich　had　nothing　but　his　own　5　millions　to　go　upon；　though　these　contributed　liberally；　he　had　in　truth　been　starved　out。　Nor　could　Saxony；　with　Mecklenburg；　Anhalt；　Erfurt；　and　their　10；000　men　a　year；　have　supplied　him；〃had　not　there；〃　says　Archenholtz　（a　man　rather　fond　of　superlatives）；

〃Had　not　there　risen　a　Recruiting　system；〃　or　Crimping　system；　〃the　like　of　which　for　kind　and　degree　was　never　seen　in　the　Earth　before。　Prisoners；　captive　soldiers；　if　at　all　likely　fellows；　were　by　every　means　persuaded；　and　even　compelled；　to　take　Prussian　service。　Compelled；　cudgel　in　hand；〃　says　Archenholtz　（who　is　too　indiscriminating；　I　can　see；for　there　were　Pfalzers；　Wurtembergers；　Reichsfolk；　who　had　FIRST　been　compelled　the　other　way）：　〃not　asked　if　they　wished　to　serve；　but　dragged　to　the　Prussian　colors；　obliged　to　swear　there；　and　fight　against；　their　countrymen。〃　Say　at　least；　against　their　countrymen's　Governors；　contumacious　Serene　Highnesses　of　Wurtemberg；　Mecklenburg　and　the　like。　Wurtemberg；　we　mentioned　lately；　had　to　shoot　a　good　few　of　his　first　levy　against　the　Protestant　Champion；　before　they　would　march　at　all！I　am　sorry　for　these　poor　men；　and　wish　the　Reich　had　been　what　it　once　was；　a　Veracity　and　Practical　Reality；　not　an　Imaginary　Entity　and　hideously　contemptible　Wiggery；　as　it　now　is！　Contemptible；　and　hideous　as　well；setting　itself　up　on　that；　fundamental　mendacity；　which　is　eternally　tragical；　though　little　regarded　in　these　days；　and　which　entails　mendacities　without　end　on　parties　concerned！But；　apart　from　all　this；　certain　it　is；

〃The　whole　German　Reich　was　deluged　with　secret　Prussian　Enlisters。　The　greater　part　of　these　were　not　actual　Officers　at　all；　but　hungry　Adventurers；　who　had　been　bargained　with；　and　who；　for　their　own　profit；　allowed　themselves　every　imaginable　art　to　pick　up　men。　Head　and　centre　of　them　was　the　Prussian　Colonel　Colignon；〃　one　of　the　Free…Corps　people；　〃a　man　formed　by　nature　for　this　business　＇what　a　beautiful　man！＇who　gave　all　the　others　their　directions；　and　taught　them　by　his　own　example。　Colignon　himself；〃　in　winter…　time；　〃travelled　about　in　all　manner　of　costumes　and　characters；　persuading　hundreds　of　people　into　the　Prussian　service。　He　not　only　promised　Commissions；　but　gave　such；nominating　loose　young　fellows　（LAFFEN）；　students；　merchants'　clerks　and　the　like；　to　Lieutenancies　and　Captaincies　in　the　Prussian　Army　＇about　as　likely　as　in　the　Seraphim　and　Cherubim；　had　they　known　it＇：　in　the　Infantry；　in　the　Cuirassiers；　in　the　Hussars；it　is　all　one；　you　have　only　to　choose。　The　renown　of　the　Prussian　arms　was　so　universal；　and　combined　with　the　notion　of　rich　booty；　that　Colignon's　Commission…manufactory　was　continually　busy。　No　need　to　provide　marching…money；　hand…money　＇shillings　for　earnest＇；　Colignon's　recruits　travelled　mostly　of　will　and　at　their　own　charge。　In　Franken；　in　Schwaben；　in　the　Rhine　Countries；　a　dissolute　son　would　rob　his　father；as　shopmen　their　masters'　tills；　and　managers　their　cash…boxes；and　hie　off　to　those　magnanimous　Prussian　Officials；　who　gave　away　companies　like　kreutzers；　and　had　a　value　for　young　fellows　of　spirit。　They　hastened　to　Magdeburg　with　their　Commissions；　where　they　were　received　as　common　recruits；　and　put　by　force　into　the　regiments　suitable。　No　use　in　resisting：　the　cudgel　and　the　drill…sergeant；〃　who　doubts　it？〃till　complete　submission。　By　this　and　other　methods　Colignon　and　his　helpers　are　reckoned　to　have　raised　for　the　King；　in　the　course　of　this　War；　about　60；000　recruits。〃　＇Archenholtz；　ii。　53。＇

This　Year；　Daun；　though　his　reputation　is　on　the　decline　lately；　is　to　have　the　chief　command；　as　usual；　the　Grand　Army；　with　Saxony　for　field　of　conquest；　and　the　Reichsfolk　to　assist；　is　to　be　Daun's。　But；　what　is　reckoned　an　important　improvement；　Loudon　is　to　have　a　separate　command；　and　Army　of　his　own。　Loudon；　hot　of　temper；　melancholic；　shy；　is　not　a　man　to　recommend　himself　to　Kriegshofrath　people；　but　no　doubt　Imperial　Majesty　has　had　her　own　wise　eye　on　him。　His　merits　are　so　undeniable；　the　need　of　some　Commander　NOT　of　the　Cunctator　type　is　become　so　very　pressing。　〃Army　of　Silesia；　50；000；〃　that　is　to　be　Loudon's；　with　40；000　Russians　to　co…operate　and　unite　themselves　with　Loudon；　and　try　actually　for　conquest　of　Silesia；　this　Year；　while　Daun；　conquering　Saxony；　keeps　the　King　busy。

At　Petersburg；　Versailles；　Vienna；　much　planning　there　has　been；　and　arduous　consulting：　first　at　Petersburg；　in　time　and　in　importance；　where　Montalembert　has　again　been　very　urgent　in　regard　to　those　poor　Swedish　people；　and　the　getting　of　them　turned　to　some　kind　of　use：　〃Stettin　in　conjunction　with　the　Swedes；　oh；　listen　to　reason；　and　take　Stettin！〃　〃Would　not　Dantzig　by　ourselves　be　the　advisable　thing？〃　answers　Soltikof：　〃Dantzig　is　an　important　Town；　and　the　grand　Baltic　Haven；　and　would　be　so　convenient　for　our　Preussen；　since　we　have　determined　to　maintain　that　fine　Conquest。〃　So　thinks　Czarish　Majesty；　as　well　as　Soltikof；　privately；　though　there　are　difficulties　as　to　Dantzig；　and；　in　fine；　except　Colberg　over　again；　there　can　be　nothing　attempted　of　sieging　thereabouts。　A　Siege　of　Colberg；　however；　there　is　actually　to　be：　Second　Siege；if　perhaps　it　will　prove　luckier　than　the　First　was；　two　years　since？　Naval　Armament　Swedish…Russian；　specific　Land　Armament　wholly　Russian；　are　to　do　this　Second　Siege；　at　a　favorable　time；　except　by　wishes；　Soltikof　will　not　be　concerned　in　it；　nor；　it　is　to　be　hoped；　shall　we；in　such　pressure　of　haste　as　is　probably　ahead　for　us。

〃Silesia　would　be　the　place　for　sieges！〃　say　the　Vienna　people　always；　and　Imperial　Majesty　is　very　urgent；　and　tries　all　methods；　eloquence；　flatteries；　bribes；to　bring　Petersburg　to　that　view。　Which　is　at　last　adopted；　heartily　by　Czarish　Majesty；　ever　ready　for　revenge　on　Friedrich；　the　more　fatal　and　the　more　direct；　the　better。　Heartily　by　her；　not　so　heartily　by　Soltikof　and　her　Army　people；　who　know　the　Austriau　habits；　and　privately　decide　on　NOT　picking　chestnuts　from　the　fire；　while　the　other　party's　paws　keep　idle；　and　only　his　jaws　are　ready。

Of　Small…War　there　is　nothing　or　little　to　be　said；　indeed　there　occurs　almost　none。　Roving　Cossack…Parties；　under　one　Tottleben；　whom　we　shall　hear　of　otherwise；　infest　Pommern；　bickering　with　the　Prussian　posts　there；　not　ravaging　as　formerly；　Tottleben　being　a　civilized　kind　of　man。　One　of　these　called　at　the　Castle　of　Schwedt；　one　day；　found　Prince　Eugen　of　Wurtemberg　there　（nearly　recovered　of　his　Kunersdorf　wounds）；　who　is　a　Son…in…law　of　the　House；　married　to　a　Daughter　of　Schwedt；ancestor　of　the　now　Russian　Czars　too；　had　anybody　then　known　it。　Him　these　Cossacks　carried　off　with　them；　a　march　or　two；　then；　taking　his　bond　for　a　certain　ransom；　let　him　go。　Bond　and　bondholder　being　soon　after　captured　by　the　Prussians；　Eugen　paid　no　ransom；　so　that　to　us　his　adventure　is　without　moment；　though　it　then　made　some　noise　among　the　Gazetteers。

Two　other　little　passages；　and　only　two；　we　will　mention；　which　have　in　themselves　a　kind　of　memorability。　First；　that　of　General　Czetteritz　and　the　MANUSCRIPT　he　lost。　Of　posts　across　the　Elbe　I　find　none　mentionable　here；　and　believe　there　is　none；　except　only　Czetteritz's；　who　stands　at　Cosdorf；　well　up　towards　Torgau　Country；　as　sentry　over　Torgau　and　the　Towns　there。　On　Czetteritz　there　was；　in　February；　an　attempt　made　by　the　active　General　Beck；　whom　Daun　had　detached　for　that　object。　Extremely　successful；　according　to　the　Austrian　Gazetteers；　but　in　reality　amounting　to　as　good　as　nothing：Surprisal　of　Czetteritz's　first　vedette；　in　the　dawn　of　a　misty　February　morning　（February　21st；　1760）；　non…surprisal　of　his　second；　which　did　give　fire　and　alarm；　whereupon　debate；　and　Czetteritz　springing　into　his　saddle；　retreat　of　his　people　to　rearward；　with　loss　of　7　Officers　and　200　prisoners；but　ending　in　re…advance；　with　fresh　force；　a　few　hours　after；　＇Seyfarth；　ii。　655。＇in　repulse　of　Beck；　in　recovery　of　Cosdorf；　and　a　general　state　of　AS…YOU…WERE　in　that　part。　A　sputter　of　Post…War；　not　now　worth　mentioning　at　all；except　only　for　one　small　circumstance：　That　in　the　careering　and　swift　ordering；　such　as　there　was；　on　the　rear…guard　especially；　Major…General　Czetteritz's　horse　happened　to　fall；　whereby　not　only　was　the　General　taken　prisoner；　but　his　quarters　got　plundered；　and　in　his　luggage；what　is　the　notable　circumstance；there　was　found　a　small　Manuscript；　MILITAIRISCHE　INSTRUKZION　FUR　DIE　GENERALE；　such　as　every　Prussian　General　has；　and　is　bound　to　keep　religiously　secret。＇Stands　now　in　　OEuvres　de　Frederic；　　xxviii。　3　et。　seq。；　was　finished　（the　revisal　of　it　was）；　hy　the　King；　〃2d　April；　1748：〃　see　PREUSS；　i。　478…480；　and　（　OEuvres　de　Frederic；　　xxviii。　PREFACE；　for　endless　indistinct　details　about　the　translations　and　editions　of　it。　London　Edition；　1818；　calls　itself　the　FIFTH。＇　This；　carried　to　Daun's　head…quarters；　was　duly　prized；　copied；　and　in　the　course　of　a　year　came　to　print；　in　many　shapes　and　places；　was　translated　into　English；　under　the　Title；　MILITARY　INSTRUCTIONS　BY　THE　KING　OF　PRUSSIA；　in　1762　（and　again；　hardly　so　WELL；　in　1797）；　and　still　languidly　circulates　among　the　studious　of　our　soldiers。　Not　a　little　admired　by　some　of　them；　and　unfortunately　nearly　all　they　seem　to　know　of　this　greatest　of　modern　Soldiers。　＇See；　for　example；　in　　Life　of　General　Sir　Charles　Napier；　by　his　Brother　　（London；　1857）；　iii。　365　and　elsewhere；one　of　the　best　judges　in　the　world　expressing　his　joy　and　admiration　on　discovery　of　Friedrich；　discovery；　if　you　read　well；　which　amounts　to　these　INSTRUCTIONS；　and　no　more。＇

Next；　about　a　month　after；　we　have　something　to　report　of　Loudon　from　Silesia；　or　rather　of　the　Enemies　he　meets　there；　for　it　is　not　a　victorious　thing。　But　it　means　a　starting　of　the　Campaign　by　an　Austrian　invasion　of　Silesia；　lon