battle of the books et al(慕媾)-及1何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces
The Battle of the Books
and Other Short Pieces
Jonathan Swift
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The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces
THE PREFACE OF THE
AUTHOR。
SATIRE is a sort of glass wherein beholders do generally discover
everybody's face but their own�察�which is the chief reason for that kind
reception it meets with in the world�察�and that so very few are offended
with it。 But�察�if it should happen otherwise�察�the danger is not great�察�and
I have learned from long experience never to apprehend mischief from
those understandings I have been able to provoke�此 �for anger and fury�察�
though they add strength to the sinews of the body�察�yet are found to relax
those of the mind�察�and to render all its efforts feeble and impotent。
There is a brain that will endure but one scumming�察 �let the owner
gather it with discretion�察�and manage his little stock with husbandry�察�but�察�
of all things�察�let him beware of bringing it under the lash of his betters�察�
because that will make it all bubble up into impertinence�察 �and he will
find no new supply。 Wit without knowledge being a sort of cream�察�
which gathers in a night to the top�察�and by a skilful hand may be soon
whipped into froth�察�but once scummed away�察 �what appears underneath
will be fit for nothing but to be thrown to the hogs。
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The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces
CHAPTER I
A FULL AND TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE FOUGHT
LAST FRIDAY BETWEEN THE ANCIENT AND THE
MODERN BOOKS IN SAINT JAMES'S LIBRARY。
WHOEVER examines�察 �with due circumspection�察 �into the annual
records of time�察�will find it remarked that War is the child of Pride�察�and
Pride the daughter of Riches�此� the former of which assertions may be
soon granted�察�but one cannot so easily subscribe to the latter�察 �for Pride is
nearly related to Beggary and Want�察 �either by father or mother�察 �and
sometimes by both�此 �and�察 �to speak naturally�察 �it very seldom happens
among men to fall out when all have enough�察 �invasions usually
travelling from north to south�察 �that is to say�察�from poverty to plenty。
The most ancient and natural grounds of quarrels are lust and avarice�察�
which�察 �though we may allow to be brethren�察 �or collateral branches of
pride�察 �are certainly the issues of want。 For�察 �to speak in the phrase of
writers upon politics�察�we may observe in the republic of dogs�察�which in
its original seems to be an institution of the many�察�that the whole state is
ever in the profoundest peace after a full meal�察�and that civil broils arise
among them when it happens for one great bone to be seized on by some
leading dog�察�who either divides it among the few�察�and then it falls to an
oligarchy�察�or keeps it to himself�察�and then it runs up to a tyranny。 The
same reasoning also holds place among them in those dissensions we
behold upon a turgescency in any of their females。 For the right of
possession lying in common ��it being impossible to establish a property
in so delicate a case���察 �jealousies and suspicions do so abound�察�that the
whole commonwealth of that street is reduced to a manifest state of war�察�
of every citizen against every citizen�察 �till some one of more courage�察�
conduct�察 �or fortune than the rest seizes and enjoys the prize�此 �upon
which naturally arises plenty of heart´burning�察 �and envy�察 �and snarling
against the happy dog。 Again�察�if we look upon any of these republics
engaged in a foreign war�察�either of invasion or defence�察�we shall find the
same reasoning will serve as to the grounds and occasions of each�察�and
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that poverty or want�察�in some degree or other ��whether real or in opinion�察�
which makes no alteration in the case���察�has a great share�察�as well as pride�察�
on the part of the aggressor。
Now whoever will please to take this scheme�察 �and either reduce or
adapt it to an intellectual state or commonwealth of learning�察�will soon
discover the first ground of disagreement between the two great parties
at this time in arms�察�and may form just conclusions upon the merits of
either cause。 But the issue or events of this war are not so easy to
conjecture at�察�for the present quarrel is so inflamed by the warm heads of
either faction�察�and the pretensions somewhere or other so exorbitant�察�as
not to admit the least overtures of accommodation。 This quarrel first
began�察 �as I have heard it affirmed by an old dweller in the
neighbourhood�察�about a small spot of ground�察�lying and being upon one
of the two tops of the hill Parnassus�察 �the highest and largest of which
had�察 �it seems�察 �been time out of mind in quiet possession of certain
tenants�察 �called the Ancients�察 �and the other was held by the Moderns。
But these disliking their present station�察 �sent certain ambassadors to
the Ancients�察 �complaining of a great nuisance�察 �how the height of that
part of Parnassus quite spoiled the prospect of theirs�察 �especially towards
the east�察�and therefore�察�to avoid a war�察�offered them the choice of this
alternative�察�either that the Ancients would please to remove themselves
and their effects down to the lower summit�察�which the Moderns would
graciously surrender to them�察 �and advance into their place�察 �or else the
said Ancients will give leave to the Moderns to come with shovels and
mattocks�察�and level the said hill as low as they shall think it convenient。
To which the Ancients made answer�察 �how little they expected such a
message as this from a colony whom they had admitted�察�out of their own
free grace�察 �to so near a neighbourhood。 That�察 �as to their own seat�察�
they were aborigines of it�察�and therefore to talk with them of a removal
or surrender was a language they did not understand。 That if the height
of the hill on their side shortened the prospect of the Moderns�察�it was a
disadvantage they could not help�察�but desired them to consider whether
that injury ��if it be any�� were not largely recompensed by the shade and
shelter it afforded them。 That as to the levelling or digging down�察�it was
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either folly or ignorance to propose it if they did or did not know how
that side of the hill was an entire rock�察�which would break their tools and
hearts�察�without any damage to itself。 That they would therefore advise
the Moderns rather to raise their own side of the hill than dream of
pulling down that of the Ancients�察�to the former of which they would not
only give licence�察�but also largely contribute。 All this was rejected by
the Moderns with much indignation�察�who still insisted upon one of the
two expedients�察 �and so this difference broke out into a long and
obstinate war�察 �maintained on the one part by resolution�察 �and by the
courage of certain leaders and allies�察 �but�察�on the other�察�by the greatness
of their number�察 �upon all defeats affording continual recruits。 In this
quarrel whole rivulets of ink have been exhausted�察�and the virulence of
both parties enormously augmented。 Now�察�it must be here understood�察�
that ink is the great missive weapon in all battles of the learned�察 �which�察�
conveyed through a sort of engine called a quill�察 �infinite numbers of
these are darted at the enemy by the valiant on each side�察�with equal skill
and violence�察 �as if it were an engagement of porcupines。 This
malignant liquor was compounded�察�by the engineer who invented it�察�of
two ingredients�察 �which are�察 �gall and copperas�察 �by its bitterness and
venom to suit�察 �in some degree�察 �as well as to foment�察�the genius of the
combatants。 And as the Grecians�察 �after an engagement�察 �when they
could not agree about the victory�察�were wont to set up trophies on both
sides�察�the beaten party being co