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battle of the books et al(慕媾)-及2何蛍

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sides�察�the beaten party being          content to be at the same expense�察�to keep 

itself in countenance ��a         laudable and ancient custom�察�happily revived of 

late in the art of      war���察�so the learned�察�after a sharp and bloody dispute�察�

do�察�on both       sides�察�hang out their trophies too�察�whichever comes by the 

worst。      These trophies have largely inscribed on them the merits of the 

cause�察�a full impartial account of such a Battle�察�and how the                  victory fell 

clearly   to   the   party   that   set   them   up。 They   are   known      to   the   world 

under      several    names�察     �as   disputes�察    �arguments�察       �rejoinders�察     �brief 

considerations�察      �answers�察     �replies�察   �remarks�察      �reflections�察    �objections�察�

confutations。      For a very few days they          are fixed up all in public places�察�

either by themselves or their           representatives�察�for passengers to gaze at�察�

whence the chiefest   and         largest are   removed to   certain magazines   they 



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call libraries�察�there      to remain in a quarter purposely assigned them�察�and 

thenceforth      begin to be called books of controversy。 

     In   these   books   is   wonderfully   instilled     and   preserved   the   spirit   of 

each warrior while he is alive�察�and after his death his soul                transmigrates 

thither to inform them。         This�察�at least�察�is the more       common opinion�察�but 

I   believe    it  is  with  libraries   as  with    other   cemeteries�察     �where    some 

philosophers       affirm   that  a  certain   spirit�察  �which     they   call   BRUTUM 

HOMINIS�察  �hovers   over   the   monument�察  �till   the         body   is   corrupted   and 

turns to dust or to worms�察�but then vanishes             or dissolves�察�so�察�we may say�察�

a restless spirit haunts over every           book�察�till dust or worms have seized 

upon it ´ which to some may             happen in a few days�察�but to others later ´ 

and therefore�察�books of          controversy being�察�of all others�察�haunted by the 

most   disorderly      spirits�察  �have   always   been   confined   in   a   separate   lodge 

from the      rest�察�and for fear of a mutual violence against each other�察�it was 

thought prudent by our ancestors to bind them to the peace with                      strong 

iron chains。      Of which invention the original occasion was               this�此   �When 

the works of Scotus first came out�察�they were carried                to a certain library�察�

and had lodgings appointed them�察�but this                author was no sooner settled 

than    he   went   to  visit  his  master     Aristotle�察   �and   there   both   concerted 

together to seize Plato by main           force�察�and turn him out from his ancient 

station   among   the   divines�察     �where   he   had   peaceably   dwelt   near   eight 

hundred      years。    The    attempt     succeeded�察     �and   the  two    usurpers    have 

reigned   ever since in   his      stead�察�but�察 �to   maintain quiet   for   the   future�察 �it 

was decreed that        all polemics of the larger size should be hold fast with a 

chain。 

     By this expedient�察�the public peace of libraries might certainly                  have 

been preserved if a new species of controversial books had not                    arisen of 

late   years�察  �instinct   with   a   more   malignant   spirit�察  �from   the   war   above 

mentioned between the learned about the higher summit                    of Parnassus。 

     When      these   books    were    first  admitted    into  the   public   libraries�察  �I 

remember       to  have    said�察 �upon    occasion�察   �to  several   persons    concerned�察�

how I was sure they would   create broils wherever they came�察 �unless                      a 

world of care were taken�察�and therefore I advised that the                  champions of 

each side should be coupled together�察�or otherwise                 mixed�察�that�察�like the 



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blending of contrary poisons�察�their malignity             might be employed among 

themselves。       And     it  seems   I  was    neither   an   ill  prophet    nor   an   ill 

counsellor�察�for it was nothing else but the            neglect of this caution which 

gave occasion to the terrible fight          that happened on Friday last between 

the Ancient and Modern Books              in the King's library。      Now�察�because the 

talk of this battle is so      fresh in everybody's mouth�察�and the expectation 

of the town so       great to be informed in the particulars�察�I�察�being possessed 

of   all  qualifications   requisite   in   an   historian�察  �and   retained   by   neither 

party�察�have resolved to comply with the urgent importunity of my                   friends�察�

by writing down a full impartial account thereof。 

     The guardian of the regal library�察�a person of great valour�察�but              chiefly 

renowned for his humanity�察�had been a fierce champion for                  the Moderns�察�

and�察�in an engagement upon Parnassus�察�had vowed with                     his own hands 

to knock down two of the ancient chiefs who guarded a                     small pass on 

the superior rock�察�but�察�endeavouring to climb up�察�was                cruelly obstructed 

by his own unhappy weight and tendency towards                  his centre�察�a quality to 

which those of the Modern party are             extremely subject�察�for�察�being light´ 

headed�察    �they   have�察  �in  speculation�察     �a  wonderful     agility�察 �and   conceive 

nothing too high for        them to mount�察�but�察�in reducing to practice�察�discover 

a   mighty    pressure  about   their  posteriors   and their   heels。      Having   thus 

failed in his design�察�the disappointed champion bore a cruel                   rancour to 

the Ancients�察�which he resolved to gratify by showing                   all marks of his 

favour to the books of their adversaries�察�and             lodging them in the fairest 

apartments�察�when�察�at the same time�察            �whatever book had the boldness to 

own   itself   for   an   advocate   of   the  Ancients   was   buried   alive   in   some 

obscure corner�察�and threatened�察          �upon the least displeasure�察�to be turned 

out of doors。      Besides�察�it     so happened that about this time there was a 

strange confusion of        place among all the books in the library�察�for which 

several   reasons     were   assigned。      Some   imputed   it   to   a   great   heap   of 

learned dust�察     �which a perverse wind blew off from a shelf of Moderns 

into   the   keeper's   eyes。     Others   affirmed   he   had   a   humour   to   pick   the 

worms       out   of   the  schoolmen�察     �and   swallow     them   fresh   and   fasting�察�

whereof      some fell upon his spleen�察�and some climbed up into his head�察�

to   the great perturbation of both。          And lastly�察�others maintained           that�察�



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by   walking   much   in   the   dark   about   the   library�察  �he   had   quite   lost   the 

situation of it out of his head�察�and therefore�察�in              replacing his books�察�he 

was apt to mistake and clap Descartes next                 to Aristotle�察�poor Plato had 

got    between     Hobbes      and   the   Seven    Wise     Masters�察     �and   Virgil   was 

hemmed in with Dryden on one side and                 Wither on the other。 

     Meanwhile�察�those  books that   were advocates   for the  Moderns�察 �chose 

out one from among them to make a progress through the whole                         library�察�

examine the number and strength of their party�察�and                  concert their affairs。 

This    messenger      performed      all  things   very   industriously�察     �and   brought 

back   with   him   a   list   of   their   forces�察  �in all�察  �fifty   thousand�察  �consisting 

chiefly  of   light´horse�察  �heavy´armed         foot�察  �and   mercenaries�察  �whereof   the 

foot were in general but sorrily          armed and worse clad�察�their horses large�察�

but   extremely   out   of   case     and   heart�察  �however�察  �some   few�察  �by   trading 

among the Ancients�察�had           furnished themselves tolerably enough。 

     While   things   were  in   this   ferment�察 �discord   grew  extremely  high�察  �hot 

words passed on both sides�察�and ill blood was plentifully bred。                      Here a 

solitary Ancient�察�squeezed up among a whole shelf of                    Moderns�察�offered 

fairly   to   dispute   the   case�察 �and    to  prove   by    manifest     reason    that  the 

priority   was   due   to   them   from   long    possession�察  �and   in   regard   of   their 

prudence�察     �antiquity�察   �and�察  �above      all�察  �their   great   merits    toward     the 

Moderns。       But   these   denied   the     premises�察  �and   seemed   very   much   to 

wonder   how   the  Ancients   could         pretend   to   insist   upon   their   antiquity�察�

when it was so plain ��if          they went to that�� that the Moderns were much 

the more ancient of         the two。      As for any obligations they owed to the 

Ancients�察     �they   renounced       them    all。  ;It   is  true�察─ �said   they�察  �we    are 

informed some         few of our party have been so mean as to borrow their 

subsistence       from   you�察  �but   the   rest�察  �infinitely   the   greater   number   ��and 

especially we French and English���察�were so far from stooping to so                      base 

an    example�察    �that  there   never    passed�察   �till  this  very   hour�察  �six   words 

between us。       For ou

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