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第114部分

04道德经英译本85种-第114部分

小说: 04道德经英译本85种 字数: 每页4000字

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  In speech; let your words find their own level。

  To lead the people; learn to nourish them。
  Let the Sage be your model:
  It dwells in leadership
  Without the oppression of superiority。
  It dwells in leadership;
  Yet the Sage offends no one。
  Thus is it honored by all who approach it;
  For it never exhausts them。

  It is sublime; benevolent:
  And therefore no one competes with it。 
  Lao Tzu here continues his discussion of the theme of leadership from the previous poem。 When leaders of the people allow the Sage to guide them in their work; they become like water。 It doesn't calculate its flowing course; but simply follows the shape of the land wherever it leads; whether through a king's domain or into the depths of a ravine。 As it travels; the water nourishes the land that receives it; in a dance of complementarity: the land provides the space and direction for the water's movement; and the water returns to it the elements necessary for fertile growth。 Thus does the poet advise leaders: 〃learn first to follow;〃 and then 〃learn to nourish。〃 In nature; neither the water nor the land put on airs of superiority; control; or command; but each provides the other what it needs to realize its destiny。 This is the way to lead people: follow the shape of their needs and circumstances; and then ask for the guidance of the Sage in providing them the direction and sustenance they need to fulfill their destiny。 Thus; you will not offend them; because they will not perceive you as a superior; and you will never exhaust them; because they will not see you as a competitive force。 This is the way of true benevolence。
  67

  People think the Tao extraordinary;
  And tell me; 搘hat a wonder you have made!?br》 Perhaps the only wonder is
  That we should think it extraordinary at all。
  For if it were truly a mere
  Treasure of the imagination;
  Then it would be as good as worthless。

  I have but three pearls
  That I keep and cherish:
  The first is love;
  The second is avoiding excess;
  The third is modesty。

  When these three lead; the true self follows。
  Love can thereby be fearless;
  Excess negated can thus be generous;
  Modesty can therefore lead the world;
  And help its life force to endure。

  But today the ego has renounced pure love;
  And elevated empty chivalry;
  It has wasted moderation
  By exalting lavishness;
  It has abandoned modesty
  For the sake of renown。

  This is to walk the path of death。

  Enter a conflict with love still alive;
  For its defense is stronger
  Than the highest wall can ever provide。 
  The Tao; of course; is not at all extraordinary梠nly ego makes it so。 Tao is the ordinary; normal way of life and being within the cosmos。 Lao Tzu didn't create the Tao梚t is not a figment of his imagination; nor some cosmological theory he invented; nor a pleasant but idle puddle of poetic fancy。 Tao is Lao Tzu's name for the living Consciousness that we can experience through our inner life; and Te (Modesty) is a word for how that experience can transform both the outer and inner aspects of our lives。 Lao Tzu is again encouraging us to 〃negate the excess〃 of fixed beliefs and attitudes toward life and the cosmos; and experience Tao for ourselves; within ourselves梩o see how this living but impersonal Presence finds voice and substance within the unique vessel of each true self梖or where it leads; the true self follows。
  68

  The natural fighter spurns aggression;
  For a war cannot be won in vengeance。
  He defeats his enemy by discarding enmity。

  A skillful manager directs the work
  By humbly serving those who do it。
  This is called natural Modesty:
  It gets things done without striving;
  And lets each individual achieve his destiny。

  Though the world may call it great;
  It is simply the surpassing of greatness。 
  In the inner war; a spirit of vengeance inflames and empowers the demons of ego; since it casts us headlong into the bloody hell of opposition。 This undermines the goal of self…development; which is to kill and transform the demonic consciousness of acculturation。 To manage such a war correctly requires an attitude of humility梱ou put the work into the hands of those best able to do it right梩he helping energies of the hidden world。 This is how true greatness is achieved。
  69

  The generals have a saying
  Which they apply to war;
  And I teach it too:

  Better to be aggression's guest;
  Than its partisan host。
  Better to draw back a mile
  Than press forward an inch。

  This is called marching
  Without moving your feet;
  Capturing without an assault;
  Defeating without an enemy。

  For there is no greater error
  Than looking outward for enemies。
  To look outward for enemies
  Is to estrange your only true self。

  This is why two sides opposed
  Will fight to a bloody draw;
  Where sorrow is the only victor。 
  This poem contains a warning against adopting a way of impulsive action; which will inevitably trap a person within a self…perpetuating cycle of opposition; where conflict is unceasing; battle lines always drawn and redrawn; where truce is tenuous and temporary; and where only sorrow wins。 As elsewhere in the Tao Te Ching; the metaphor of 〃moving the feet〃 is symbolic of impulsive action梥ee also Chapters 31 and 64。 Again; Lao Tzu points out that aggression tends to perpetuate itself: the search for outer enemies is the first and final act of self…destruction。
  70

  My words can transform understanding;
  And are very easy to live with:
  So why doesn抰 the world understand them?
  And why doesn抰 it live by them?

  My words have a primal Origin;
  My action also has its natural Guide。
  If you don抰 know these;
  Then you can抰 know me。

  Thus; there are but few
  Who can understand my words。
  To these; the words point the way
  To their own inner treasure。

  Such awareness is often couched
  In coarse appearance;
  Nurturing the jewel within。 
  In this poem; Lao Tzu asks the Tao itself to speak in the first person; describing its nature; action; and the correct means of approaching it。 In the very first line; the essence of the Tao in action is revealed: transformation。 The Pinyin Chinese word for transformation is 〃yi;〃 the very same character in the title of the oracle; 〃Yi Jing〃 (which is the same as I Ching in the Wade…Giles system of transliteration)。 As in Chapter 1 and throughout the Tao Te Ching; Lao Tzu describes the natural use of language as the path of Te; or Modesty: the Tao in action within the human realm of being。 Words cannot tell us what Tao is; but they can tell us what it does梙ow it functions through our unique consciousness。 Language arises from inner clarity; and it expresses this clarity; then; it returns to the Origin; which is silence。 This is the transformative path of natural language梐 path that is described here and in Hexagram 1 of the I Ching。
  71

  Awareness of the poverty of knowledge
  Is all the knowledge you need。
  Repression of the awareness
  Is the seed of disease。

  You can remove the disease
  By watching the symptoms;
  And sickening their origin。

  Thus the follower of the Sage:
  He guards his health
  By being aware of disease。
  Thus he never seems sickened;
  Since he feels his own pain。 
  Negative emotions; such as hatred; envy; pity; and contempt are the symptoms of the metaphorical disease described in this poem。 The symptoms of the disease must be watched; because they lead one to the 〃seed of disease;〃 which is the arrogance of knowledge; exemplified in the false and superficial ideas that comprise the one…sided vision of scholarly accumulation (see also Chapter 81)。 True awareness is the consciousness of the poverty of knowledge in isolation from the totality of being; to fully sense this poverty is to 〃feel one's own pain;〃 without the empty and officious compassion of a politician; a guru; or some other authority。 This is the 〃awareness of disease〃 that Lao Tzu reminds us to nurture within ourselves: the deep self…knowledge that comes when you are acutely aware of not…knowing。 This is the path of true independence。
  72

  Let the fear of God die among the people;
  And they will find their own true guide within。

  Do not constrict them in their homes;
  Or oppress them at their work;
  For if the people lack a sense of burden;
  Then they will not feel oppressed。

  Thus; the teaching heart of the Cosmos:
  It is a living; dynamic consciousness…
  It draws close to sincerity;
  And retreats from exaltation。

  The former it receives;
  The latter it discards。 
  The fear of God is of a distant and threatening Being; which can only inflict pain and guilt; while repressing one's inner truth (the 〃true Guide〃 mentioned)。 Societies and governments behave like such a daunting God…force when they dictate and limit the acceptable norms of living and working; even to the point of defining what a proper home and job must be。 When these strictures are lifted; then there is the deepest liberation。 Just be sincere; and you will be helped。
  73

  The wooden impetuosity of the hero
  Is the path of inner death。
  Courage that retreats from daring
  Is the path of inner life。

  Yet one who walks on either road
  Will sometimes suffer; sometimes prosper…
  As if God indeed played dice;
  While humans fought to find His Reason。

  The Cosmic Consciousness does not compete;
  And thus it simply finds its way。
  It doesn抰 have to talk or make its point;
  And thus it can communicate。
  It does not send an invitation;
  It so naturally attracts all being。
  It does not micromanage;
  And all its parts harmonize。

  The Cosmic Whole is like a net…
  So perfectly cast; its open meshes are capable
  Of catching everything。

  74

  People don't truly fear death;
  But they do fear being threatened with it。
  When people's fears are thus enlivened;
  It is a crime of inti

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