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¡¡¡¡1

¡¡¡¡Reason's¡¡Realization

¡¡¡¡The¡¡Reason¡¡that¡¡can¡¡be¡¡reasoned¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡Reason¡£¡¡The¡¡name¡¡that¡¡can¡¡be¡¡named¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡Name¡£¡¡The¡¡Unnamable¡¡is¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡the¡¡beginning¡£¡¡The¡¡Namable¡¡becomes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡things¡¡the¡¡mother¡£

¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡said£º

¡¡¡¡¡¨He¡¡who¡¡desireless¡¡is¡¡found
¡¡¡¡The¡¡spiritual¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡will¡¡sound¡£
¡¡¡¡But¡¡he¡¡who¡¡by¡¡desire¡¡is¡¡bound
¡¡¡¡Sees¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡shell¡¡of¡¡things¡¡around¡£¡¨

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¡¡¡¡2

¡¡¡¡Self¡­Culture

¡¡¡¡Everywhere¡¡it¡¡is¡¡obvious¡¡that¡¡if¡¡beauty¡¡makes¡¡a¡¡display¡¡of¡¡beauty£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡sheer¡¡ugliness¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡obvious¡¡that¡¡if¡¡goodness¡¡makes¡¡a¡¡display¡¡of¡¡goodness£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡sheer¡¡badness¡£¡¡For

¡¡¡¡¡¨To¡¡be¡¡and¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡conditioned¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡difficult£»¡¡the¡¡easy£»¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡definitioned¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡long£»¡¡the¡¡short£»¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡exhibitioned¡£
¡¡¡¡Above£»¡¡below£»¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡cognitioned¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡sound£»¡¡the¡¡voice£»¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡coalitioned¡£
¡¡¡¡Before¡¡and¡¡after¡¡are¡¡mutually¡¡positioned¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡Therefore

¡¡¡¡The¡¡holy¡¡man¡¡abides¡¡by¡¡non¡­assertion¡¡in¡¡his¡¡affairs¡¡and¡¡conveys¡¡by¡¡silence¡¡his¡¡instruction¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡things¡¡arise£»¡¡verily£»¡¡he¡¡refuses¡¡them¡¡not¡£¡¡He¡¡quickens¡¡but¡¡owns¡¡not¡£¡¡He¡¡acts¡¡but¡¡claims¡¡not¡£¡¡Merit¡¡he¡¡accomplishes£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡dwell¡¡on¡¡it¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¨Since¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡dwell¡¡on¡¡it
¡¡¡¡It¡¡will¡¡never¡¡leave¡¡him¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡3

¡¡¡¡Keeping¡¡the¡¡People¡¡Quiet

¡¡¡¡Not¡¡boasting¡¡of¡¡one's¡¡worth¡¡forestalls¡¡people's¡¡envy¡£

¡¡¡¡Not¡¡prizing¡¡treasures¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡keeps¡¡people¡¡from¡¡committing¡¡theft¡£

¡¡¡¡Not¡¡contemplating¡¡what¡¡kindles¡¡desire¡¡keeps¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡unconfused¡£

¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡holy¡¡man¡¡when¡¡he¡¡governs¡¡empties¡¡the¡¡people's¡¡hearts¡¡but¡¡fills¡¡their¡¡stomachs¡£¡¡He¡¡weakens¡¡their¡¡ambition¡¡but¡¡strengthens¡¡their¡¡bones¡£¡¡Always¡¡he¡¡keeps¡¡the¡¡people¡¡unsophisticated¡¡and¡¡without¡¡desire¡£¡¡He¡¡causes¡¡that¡¡the¡¡crafty¡¡do¡¡not¡¡dare¡¡to¡¡act¡£¡¡When¡¡he¡¡acts¡¡with¡¡non¡­assertion¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡ungoverned¡£

¡¡¡¡4

¡¡¡¡Sourceless

¡¡¡¡Reason¡¡is¡¡empty£»¡¡but¡¡its¡¡use¡¡is¡¡inexhaustible¡£¡¡In¡¡its¡¡profundity£»¡¡verily£»¡¡it¡¡resembleth¡¡the¡¡arch¡­father¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡things¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¨It¡¡will¡¡blunt¡¡its¡¡own¡¡sharpness£»
¡¡¡¡Will¡¡its¡¡tangles¡¡adjust£»
¡¡¡¡It¡¡will¡¡dim¡¡its¡¡own¡¡radiance
¡¡¡¡And¡¡be¡¡one¡¡with¡¡its¡¡dust¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡Oh£»¡¡how¡¡calm¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡remain£¡¡¡I¡¡know¡¡not¡¡whose¡¡son¡¡it¡¡is¡£¡¡Apparently¡¡even¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡it¡¡precedes¡£

¡¡¡¡5

¡¡¡¡The¡¡Function¡¡of¡¡Emptiness

¡¡¡¡But¡¡for¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth's¡¡humaneness£»¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡things¡¡are¡¡straw¡¡dogs¡£¡¡But¡¡for¡¡the¡¡holy¡¡man's¡¡humaneness£»¡¡the¡¡hundred¡¡families¡¡are¡¡straw¡¡dogs¡£

¡¡¡¡Is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡space¡¡between¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡like¡¡unto¡¡a¡¡bellows£¿¡¡It¡¡is¡¡empty£»¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡collapses¡¡not¡£¡¡It¡¡moves£»¡¡and¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡comes¡¡forth¡££§But£§

¡¡¡¡¡¨How¡¡soon¡¡exhausted¡¡is
¡¡¡¡A¡¡gossip's¡¡fulsome¡¡talk£¡
¡¡¡¡And¡¡should¡¡we¡¡not¡¡prefer
¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡path¡¡to¡¡walk£¿¡¨

¡¡¡¡6

¡¡¡¡The¡¡Completion¡¡of¡¡Form

¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡valley¡¡spirit¡¡not¡¡expires£»
¡¡¡¡Mysterious¡¡woman¡¡’tis¡¡called¡¡by¡¡the¡¡sires¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡mysterious¡¡woman's¡¡door£»¡¡to¡¡boot£»
¡¡¡¡Is¡¡called¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡the¡¡root¡£
¡¡¡¡Forever¡¡and¡¡aye¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡endure
¡¡¡¡And¡¡its¡¡use¡¡is¡¡without¡¡effort¡¡sure¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡7

¡¡¡¡Dimming¡¡Radiance

¡¡¡¡Heaven¡¡endures¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡is¡¡lasting¡£¡¡And¡¡why¡¡can¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡endure¡¡and¡¡be¡¡lasting£¿¡¡Because¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡live¡¡for¡¡themselves¡£¡¡On¡¡that¡¡account¡¡can¡¡they¡¡endure¡£

¡¡¡¡Therefore

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¡¡¡¡8

¡¡¡¡Easy¡¡By¡¡Nature

¡¡¡¡Superior¡¡goodness¡¡resembleth¡¡water¡£¡¡The¡¡water's¡¡goodness¡¡benefiteth¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡things£»¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡quarreleth¡¡not¡£

¡¡¡¡Water¡¡dwelleth¡¡in¡¡the¡¡places¡¡which¡¡the¡¡multitudes¡¡of¡¡men¡¡shun£»¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡near¡¡unto¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡Reason

¡¡¡¡The¡¡dwelling¡¡of¡¡goodness¡¡is¡¡in¡¡lowliness¡£¡¡The¡¡heart¡¡of¡¡goodness¡¡is¡¡in¡¡commotion¡£¡¡When¡¡giving£»¡¡goodness¡¡showeth¡¡benevolence¡£¡¡In¡¡words£»¡¡goodness¡¡keepeth¡¡faith¡£¡¡In¡¡government¡¡goodness¡¡standeth¡¡for¡¡order¡£¡¡In¡¡business¡¡goodness¡¡exhibiteth¡¡ability¡£¡¡The¡¡movements¡¡of¡¡goodness¡¡keep¡¡time¡£

¡¡¡¡It¡¡quarreleth¡¡not¡£¡¡Therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡rebuked¡£

¡¡¡¡9

¡¡¡¡Practising¡¡Placidity

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¡¡¡¡Rich¡¡and¡¡high¡¡but¡¡proud£»¡¡brings¡¡about¡¡its¡¡own¡¡doom¡£¡¡To¡¡accomplish¡¡merit¡¡and¡¡acquire¡¡fame£»¡¡then¡¡to¡¡withdraw£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡Heaven's¡¡Way¡£

¡¡¡¡10

¡¡¡¡What¡¡Can¡¡Be¡¡Done£¿

¡¡¡¡Who¡¡by¡¡unending¡¡discipline¡¡of¡¡the¡¡senses¡¡embraces¡¡unity¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡disintegrated¡£¡¡By¡¡concentrating¡¡his¡¡vitality¡¡and¡¡inducing¡¡tenderness¡¡he¡¡can¡¡become¡¡like¡¡a¡¡little¡¡child¡£¡¡By¡¡purifying£»¡¡by¡¡cleansing¡¡and¡¡profound¡¡intuition¡¡he¡¡can¡¡be¡¡free¡¡from¡¡faults¡£

¡¡¡¡Who¡¡loves¡¡the¡¡people¡¡when¡¡administering¡¡the¡¡country¡¡will¡¡practise¡¡nonassertion¡£

¡¡¡¡Opening¡¡and¡¡closing¡¡the¡¡gates¡¡of¡¡heaven£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡be¡¡like¡¡a¡¡mother¡­bird£»¡¡bright£»¡¡and¡¡white£»¡¡and¡¡penetrating¡¡the¡¡four¡¡quarters£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡be¡¡unsophisticated¡£¡¡He¡¡quickens¡¡them¡¡and¡¡feeds¡¡them¡£¡¡He¡¡quickens¡¡but¡¡owns¡¡not¡£¡¡He¡¡acts¡¡but¡¡claims¡¡not¡£¡¡He¡¡excels¡¡but¡¡rules¡¡not¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡called¡¡profound¡¡virtue¡£

¡¡¡¡11

¡¡¡¡The¡¡Function¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Non¡­Existent

¡¡¡¡Thirty¡¡spokes¡¡unite¡¡in¡¡one¡¡nave¡¡and¡¡on¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡non¡­existent¡¡£§on¡¡the¡¡hole¡¡in¡¡the¡¡nave£§¡¡depends¡¡the¡¡wheel's¡¡utility¡£¡¡Clay¡¡is¡¡moulded¡¡into¡¡a¡¡vessel¡¡and¡¡on¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡non¡­existent¡¡£§on¡¡its¡¡hollowness£§¡¡depends¡¡the¡¡vessel's¡¡utility¡£¡¡By¡¡cutting¡¡out¡¡doors¡¡and¡¡windows¡¡we¡¡build¡¡a¡¡house¡¡and¡¡on¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡non¡­existent¡¡£§on¡¡the¡¡empty¡¡space¡¡within£§¡¡depends¡¡the¡¡house's¡¡utility¡£

¡¡¡¡Therefore£»¡¡existence¡¡renders¡¡actual¡¡but¡¡non¡­existence¡¡renders¡¡useful¡£

¡¡¡¡12

¡¡¡¡Abstaining¡¡From¡¡Desire

¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡five¡¡colors¡¡£§combined£§¡¡the¡¡human¡¡eye¡¡will¡¡blind£»
¡¡¡¡The¡¡five¡¡notes¡¡£§in¡¡one¡¡sound£§¡¡the¡¡human¡¡ear¡¡confound£»
¡¡¡¡The¡¡five¡¡tastes¡¡£§when¡¡they¡¡blend£§¡¡the¡¡human¡¡mouth¡¡offend¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡¡¨Racing¡¡and¡¡hunting¡¡will¡¡human¡¡hearts¡¡turn¡¡mad£»
¡¡¡¡Treasures¡¡high¡­prized¡¡make¡¡human¡¡conduct¡¡bad¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡Therefore

¡¡¡¡The¡¡holy¡¡man¡¡attends¡¡to¡¡the¡¡inner¡¡and¡¡not¡¡to¡¡the¡¡outer¡£¡¡He¡¡abandons¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡and¡¡chooses¡¡the¡¡former¡£

¡¡¡¡13

¡¡¡¡Loathing¡¡Shame

¡¡¡¡¡¨Favor¡¡bodes¡¡disgrace£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡like¡¡trembling¡£
¡¡¡¡Rank¡¡bodes¡¡great¡¡heartache¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡like¡¡the¡¡body¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡What¡¡means¡¡¡¨Favor¡¡bodes¡¡disgrace£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡like¡¡trembling£¿¡¨

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¡¡¡¡What¡¡means¡¡¡¨Rank¡¡bodes¡¡great¡¡heartache£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡like¡¡the¡¡body£¿¡¨

¡¡¡¡I¡¡suffer¡¡great¡¡heartache¡¡because¡¡I¡¡have¡¡a¡¡body¡£¡¡When¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡body£»¡¡what¡¡heartache¡¡remains£¿

¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡who¡¡administers¡¡the¡¡empire¡¡as¡¡he¡¡takes¡¡care¡¡of¡¡his¡¡body¡¡can¡¡be¡¡entrusted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡empire¡£

¡¡¡¡14

¡¡¡¡Praising¡¡the¡¡Mysterious

¡¡¡¡We¡¡look¡¡at¡¡Reason¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡see¡¡it£»¡¡its¡¡name¡¡is¡¡Colorless¡£¡¡We¡¡listen¡¡to¡¡Reason¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡hear¡¡it£»¡¡its¡¡name¡¡is¡¡Soundless¡£¡¡We¡¡grope¡¡for¡¡Reason¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡grasp¡¡it£»¡¡its¡¡name¡¡is¡¡Bodiless¡£

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¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡called¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡the¡¡formless£»¡¡the¡¡image¡¡of¡¡the¡¡imageless¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡called¡¡the¡¡transcendentally¡¡abstruse¡£

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¡¡¡¡15

¡¡¡¡The¡¡Revealers¡¡of¡¡Virtue

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