伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > an account of egypt(娃式芝) >

及10何蛍

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及10何蛍

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




Bubastis�察�where after being embalmed they are buried�察�but the dogs they 

bury each people in their own city in sacred tombs�察�and the ichneumons 

are buried just in the same way as the dogs。 The shrewmice however and 

the    hawks     they    carry   away     to  the   city   of   Buto�察   �and   the   ibises   to 

Hermopolis�察�the bears ��which are not commonly seen�� and the wolves�察�not 

much larger in size than foxes�察�they bury on the spot where they are found 

lying。 

     Of the crocodile the nature is as follows��during the four most wintry 

months   this   creature   eats   nothing�此  �she   has   four   feet   and   is   an   animal 

belonging   to   the   land   and   the   water   both�察  �for   she   produces   and   hatches 

eggs on the land�察�and the most part of the day she remains upon dry land�察�

but the whole of the night in the river�察�for the water in truth is warmer than 

the unclouded open air and the dew。 Of all the mortal creatures of which 

we   have   knowledge   this   grows   to   the   greatest   bulk   from   the   smallest 

beginning�察�for the eggs which she produces are not much larger than those 



                                                 33 


´ Page 34´

                                 AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



of geese and the newly´hatched young one is in proportion to the egg�察�but 

as he grows he becomes as much as seventeen cubits long and sometimes 

yet   larger。   He   has   eyes   like   those   of   a   pig   and   teeth   large   and   tusky�察  �in 

proportion to the size of his body�察�but unlike all other beasts he grows no 

tongue�察  �neither   does   he   move   his   lower   jaw�察  �but   brings   the   upper   jaw 

towards      the  lower�察   �being   in   this  too   unlike   all  other   beasts。   He    has 

moreover   strong   claws   and   a   scaly  hide   upon his   back   which   cannot   be 

pierced�察�and he is blind in the water�察�but in the air he is of   a very  keen 

sight。   Since   he   has   his   living   in   the   water   he   keeps   his   mouth   all   full 

within of leeches�察�and whereas all other birds and beasts fly from him�察�the 

trochilus is a creature which is at peace with him�察�seeing that from her he 

receives benefit�察�for the crocodile having come out of the water to the land 

and then having opened his mouth ��this he is wont to do generally towards 

the West Wind���察�the trochilus upon that enters into his mouth and swallows 

down the leeches�察�and he being benefited is pleased and does no harm to 

the   trochilus。   Now   for   some   of   the   Egyptians   the   crocodiles   are   sacred 

animals�察  �and   for   others   not   so�察  �but   they   treat   them   on   the   contrary   as 

enemies�此  �those   however   who   dwell   about   Thebes   and   about   the   lake   of 

Moiris hold them to be most sacred�察�and each of these two peoples keeps 

one crocodile selected from the whole number�察�which has been trained to 

tameness�察  �and   they   put   hanging   ornaments   of   molten   stone   and   of   gold 

into the ears of these and anklets round the front feet�察�and they give them 

food appointed and victims of sacrifices and treat them as well as possible 

while they live�察�and after they are dead they bury them in sacred tombs�察�

embalming them�此�but those who dwell about the city of Elephantine even 

eat them�察�not holding them to be sacred。 They are called not crocodiles but 

/champsai/�察�and the Ionians gave them the name of crocodile�察�comparing 

their form to that of the crocodiles ��lizards�� which appear in their country 

in the stone walls。 There are many ways in use of catching them and of 

various kinds�此�I shall describe that which to me seems the most worthy of 

being told。 A man puts the back of a pig upon a hook as bait�察�and lets it go 

into the middle of the river�察�while he himself upon the bank of the river 

has a young live pig�察�which he beats�察�and the crocodile hearing its cries 

makes for the direction of the sound�察�and when he finds the pig's back he 



                                                34 


´ Page 35´

                                  AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



swallows it down�此�then they pull�察�and when he is drawn out to land�察�first of 

all the hunter forthwith plasters up his eyes with mud�察�and having done so 

he   very  easily  gets   the   mastery  of   him�察  �but   if   he   does   not   do   so   he   has 

much trouble。 

     The river´horse is sacred in the district of Papremis�察�but for the other 

Egyptians he is not sacred�察�and this is the appearance which he presents�此�

he is four´footed�察�cloven´hoofed like an ox�察�flat´nosed�察�with a mane like a 

horse and showing teeth like tusks�察�with a tail and voice like a horse and in 

size   as   large   as   the   largest   ox�察  �and   his   hide   is   so   exceedingly  thick   that 

when      it  has  been    dried   shafts    of  javelins    are  made     of  it。  There    are 

moreover otters in the river�察�which they consider to be sacred�此�and of fish 

also they esteem that which is called the /lepidotos/ to be sacred�察�and also 

the   eel�察  �and   these   they  say  are   sacred   to   the   Nile�此  �and   of   birds   the   fox´ 

goose。 

     There is   also   another  sacred   bird   called   the  phoenix   which   I did not 

myself see except in painting�察�for in truth he comes to them very rarely�察�at 

intervals�察�as the people of Heliopolis say�察�of five hundred years�察�and these 

say   that   he   comes   regularly   when   his   father   dies�察  �and   if   he   be   like   the 

painting he is of this size and nature�察�that is to say�察�some of his feathers are 

of gold   colour   and others   red�察 �and in outline   and size   he is as   nearly  as 

possible like an eagle。 This bird they say ��but I cannot believe the story�� 

contrives   as   follows�此  �setting   forth   from  Arabia   he   conveys   his   father�察�

they   say�察  �to   the   temple   of   the   Sun   ��Helios��   plastered   up   in   myrrh�察  �and 

buries him in the temple of the Sun�察�and he conveys him thus��he forms 

first an egg of myrrh as large as he is able to carry�察�and then he makes trial 

of carrying it�察�and when he has made trial sufficiently�察�then he hollows out 

the egg and places his father within it and plasters over with other myrrh 

that part of the egg where he hollowed it out to put his father in�察�and when 

his father is laid in it�察�it proves ��they say�� to be of the same weight as it 

was�察�and after he has plastered it up�察�he conveys the whole to Egypt to the 

temple of the Sun。 Thus they say that this bird does。 

     There are also about Thebes sacred serpents�察�not at all harmful to men�察�

which are small in size and have two horns growing from the top of the 

head�此�these they bury when they die in the temple of Zeus�察�for to this god 



                                                 35 


´ Page 36´

                                   AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



they   say   that    they   are   sacred。    There    is  a  region    moreover      in  Arabia�察�

situated   nearly   over   against   the   city   of   Buto�察  �to   which   place   I   came   to 

inquire about the winged serpents�此�and when I came thither I saw bones of 

serpents and spines in quantity so great that it is impossible to make report 

of   the   number�察  �and   there   were   heaps   of   spines�察  �some   heaps   large   and 

others less large and others smaller still than these�察�and these heaps were 

many in number。 This region in   which the spines   are scattered upon   the 

ground is of the nature of an entrance from a narrow mountain pass to a 

great plain�察�which plain adjoins the plain in Egypt�察�and the story goes that 

at the beginning of spring winged serpents from Arabia fly towards Egypt�察�

and the birds called ibises meet them at the entrance to this country and do 

not suffer the serpents to go by but kill them。 On account of this deed it is 

��say  the Arabians��   that   the  ibis   has   come   to   be   greatly  honoured   by   the 

Egyptians�察�and the Egyptians also agree that it is for this reason that they 

honour these birds。 The outward form of the ibis is this�此�it is a deep black 

all over�察�and has legs like those of a crane and a very curved beak�察�and in 

size   it   is   about   equal   to   a   rail�此  �this   is   the   appearance   of   the   black   kind 

which fight with the serpents�察�but of those which most crowd round men's 

feet ��for there are two several kinds of ibises�� the head is bare and also the 

whole of the throat�察�and it is white in feathering except the head and neck 

and the extremities of the wings and the rump ��in all these parts of which I 

have spoken it is a deep black���察�while in legs and in the form of the head it 

resembles       the   other。   As    for  the   serpent    its  form     is  like  that   of   the 

watersnake�察�and it has wings not feathered but most nearly resembling the 

wings   of   the   bat。   Let   so   much   suffice   as   has   been   said   now   concerning 

sacred animals。 



     Of   the   Egyptians   themselves�察  �those   who   dwell   in   the   part   of   Egypt 

which is sown for crops practise memory more than any other men and are 

the    most    learned    in  history   by   far   of   all  those   of   whom   I    have    had 

experience�此  �and   their   manner   of   life   is   as   follows��For   three   successive 

days   in   each   month   they   purge�察  �hunting   after   health   with   emetics   and 

clysters�察�and they think that all the diseases which exist are produced in 

men   by   the   food   on   which   they   live�此  �for   the   Egyptians   are   from   other 



                                                  36 


´ Page 37´

                                  AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



causes   also   the   most   healthy   of   all   men   next   after   the   Libyans   ��in   my 

opinion on account of the seasons�察�because the seasons do not change�察�for 

by the chan

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

低辛嬬浪散議