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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及14何蛍

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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Egyptians in this matter�察�and do not circumcise their children。 Now let me 

tell   another   thing   about   the   Colchians   to   show   how   they   resemble   the 

Egyptians��they alone work flax in the same fashion as the Egyptians�察�and 

the two nations are like one another in their whole manner of living and 

also in their language�此�now the linen of Colchis is called by the Hellenes 

Sardonic�察�whereas that from Egypt is called Egyptian。 The pillars which 

Sesostris king of Egypt set up in the various countries are for the most part 

no   longer   to   be   seen   extant�察  �but   in   Syria   Palestine   I   myself   saw   them 

existing with the inscription upon them  which I have mentioned and the 

emblem。 Moreover in Ionia there are two figures of this man carved upon 

rocks�察  �one   on   the   road   by   which   one   goes   from   the   land   of   Ephesos   to 

Phocaia�察�and the other on the road from Sardis to Smyrna。 In each place 

there   is   a   figure   of   a   man   cut   in   the   rock�察  �of   four   cubits   and   a   span   in 

height�察�holding in his right hand a spear and in his left a bow and arrows�察�

and   the   other   equipment   which   he   has   is   similar   to   this�察  �for   it   is   both 

Egyptian and Ethiopian�此�and from the one shoulder to the other across the 

breast   runs   an   inscription   carved   in   sacred   Egyptian   characters�察  �saying 



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thus�察 �This land with my shoulders I won for myself。; But who he is and 

from whence�察�he does not declare in these places�察�though in other places 

he    had   declared    this。  Some     of  those   who    have    seen   these   carvings 

conjecture that the figure is that of Memnon�察�but herein they are very far 

from the truth。 

     As this Egyptian Sesostris was returning and bringing back many men 

of the nations whose lands he had subdued�察�when he came ��said the priests�� 

to Daphnai in the district of Pelusion on his journey home�察�his brother to 

whom  Sesostris had   entrusted   the   charge   of   Egypt   invited him  and   with 

him his sons to a feast�察�and then he piled the house round with brushwood 

and   set   it   on   fire�此  �and   Sesostris   when   he   discovered   this   forthwith   took 

counsel with his wife�察�for he was bringing with him ��they said�� his wife 

also�察  �and   she   counselled   him   to   lay   out   upon   the   pyre   two   of   his   sons�察�

which were six in number�察�and so to make a bridge over the burning mass�察�

and that they passing over their bodies should thus escape。 This�察�they said�察�

Sesostris did�察�and two of his sons were burnt to death in this manner�察�but 

the rest got away safe with their father。 Then Sesostris�察�having returned to 

Egypt and having taken vengeance on his brother employed the multitude 

which   he   had   brought   in   of   those   who   whose   lands   he   had   subdued�察  �as 

follows�此�these were they drew the stones which in the reign of this king 

were   brought to   the temple   of   Hephaistos�察 �being of   very  good   size�察  �and 

also these were compelled to dig all the channels which now are in Egypt�察�

and thus ��having no such purpose�� they caused Egypt�察�which before was 

all fit for riding and driving�察�to be no longer fit for this from thenceforth�此�

for from that time forward Egypt�察�though it is plain land�察�has become all 

unfit for riding and driving�察�and the cause has been these channels�察�which 

are many and run in all directions。 But the reason why the king cut up the 

land was this�察�namely because those of the Egyptians who had their cities 

not on the river but in the middle of the country�察�being in want of water 

when the river went down from them�察�found their drink brackish because 

they had it from wells。 For this reason Egypt was cut up�此�and they said that 

this king distributed the land to all the Egyptians�察�giving an equal square 

portion to each man�察�and from this he made his revenue�察�having appointed 

them to pay  a certain   rent every  year�此�and if   the river   should take   away 



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anything from any man's portion�察�he would come to the king and declare 

that which had happened�察�and the king used to send men to examine and to 

find out by measurement how much less the piece of land had become�察�in 

order that for the future the man might pay less�察�in proportion to the rent 

appointed�此  �and   I   think   that   thus   the   art   of   geometry   was   found   out   and 

afterwards   came   into   Hellas   also。   For   as   touching   the   sun´dial   and   the 

gnomon   and   the   twelve   divisions   of   the   day�察  �they   were   learnt   by   the 

Hellenes   from   the   Babylonians。   He   moreover   alone   of   all   the   Egyptian 

kings had rule over Ethiopia�察�and he left as memorials of himself in front 

of   the   temple    of   Hephaistos     two    stone   statues   of   thirty  cubits   each�察�

representing      himself    and    his  wife�察  �and    others   of   twenty    cubits   each 

representing   his   four   sons�此  �and   long   afterwards   the   priest   of   Hephaistos 

refused to permit Dareios the Persian to set up a statue of himself in front 

of them�察�saying that deeds had not been done by him equal to those which 

were   done   by   Sesostris   the   Egyptian�察  �for   Sesostris   had   subdued   other 

nations besides�察�not fewer than he�察�and also the Scythians�察�but Dareios had 

not been able to conquer the Scythians�此�wherefore it was not just that he 

should set up a statue in front of those which Sesostris had dedicated�察�if he 

did not surpass him in his deeds。 Which speech�察�they say�察�Dareios took in 

good part。 

     Now after Sesostris had brought his life to an end�察�his son Pheros�察�they 

told   me�察  �received   in   succession   the   kingdom�察  �and   he   made   no   warlike 

expedition�察�and moreover it chanced to him to become blind by reason of 

the following accident��when the river had come down in flood rising to a 

height of eighteen cubits�察�higher than ever before that time�察�and had gone 

over the fields�察�a wind fell upon it and the river became agitated by waves�此�

and   this   king   ��they  say��   moved   by  presumptuous   folly  took   a  spear   and 

cast it into the midst of the   eddies of the stream�察�and immediately  upon 

this he had a disease of the eyes and was by it made blind。 For ten years 

then he was blind�察�and in the eleventh year there came to him an oracle 

from the city of Buto saying that the time of his punishment had expired�察�

and   that   he   should   see   again   if   he   washed   his   eyes   with   the   water   of   a 

woman who had accompanied with her own husband only and had not had 

knowledge of other men�此�and first he made trial of his own wife�察�and then�察�



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as he continued blind�察�he went on to try all the women in turn�察�and when 

he had at least regained his sight he gathered together all the women   of 

whom he had made trial�察�excepting her by whose means he had regained 

his   sight�察  �to  one   city  which    now    is  named     Erythrabolos�察    �and   having 

gathered   them   to   this   he   consumed   them   all   by   fire�察  �as   well   as   the   city 

itself�察�but as for her by whose means he had regained his sight�察�he had her 

himself   to   wife。   Then   after   he   had   escaped   the   malady   of   his   eyes   he 

dedicated offerings at each one of the temples which were of renown�察�and 

especially   ��to   mention   only   that   which   is   most   worthy   of   mention��   he 

dedicated at the temple of the Sun works which are worth seeing�察�namely 

two    obelisks    of  stone�察  �each   of  a  single   block�察   �measuring     in  length   a 

hundred cubits each one and in breadth eight cubits。 

     After him�察�they said�察�there succeeded to the throne a man of Memphis�察�

whose name in the tongue of the Hellenes was Proteus�察�for whom there is 

now a sacred enclosure at Memphis�察�very fair and well ordered�察�lying on 

that side of the temple of Hephaistos which faces the North Wind。 Round 

about   this   enclosure   dwell   Phenicians   of   Tyre�察  �and   this   whole   region   is 

called the Camp of the Tyrians。 Within the enclosure of Proteus there is a 

temple     called   the   temple    of  the  ;foreign    Aphrodite�察─    �which     temple    I 

conjecture to be one of Helen the daughter of Tyndareus�察�not only because 

I   have   heard   the   tale   how   Helen   dwelt   with   Proteus�察  �but   also   especially 

because it is called by the name of the ;foreign Aphrodite�察─�for the other 

temples of Aphrodite which there are have none of them the addition of 

the word ;foreign; to the name。 

     And   the priests   told   me�察 �when   I  inquired�察 �that   the  things   concerning 

Helen   happened   thus��Alexander   having   carried   off   Helen   was   sailing 

away from Sparta to his own land�察�and when he had come to the Egean 

Sea contrary  winds drove   him from  his course to the   Sea of   Egypt�察  �and 

after that�察�since the blasts did not cease to blow�察�he came to Egypt itself�察�

and in Egypt to that which is now named the Canobic mouth of the Nile 

and to Taricheiai。 Now there was upon the shore�察�as still there is now�察�a 

temple of Heracles�察�in which if any man's slave take refuge and have the 

sacred marks set upon him�察�giving himself over to the god�察�it is not lawful 

to lay hands upon him�察�but this custom has continued still unchanged from 



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the    beginning     down    to  my    own    t

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