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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及13何蛍

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wind blowing�察�but are towed from the shore�此�down´stream however they 

travel as follows��they have a door´shaped crate made of tamarisk wood 

and reed mats sewn together�察�and also a stone of about two talents weight 

bored with a hole�察�and of these the boatman lets the crate float on in front 

of the boat�察�fastened with a rope�察�and the stone drags behind by another 

rope。 The crate then�察�as the force of the stream presses upon it�察�goes on 

swiftly and draws on the /baris/ ��for so these boats are called���察�while the 

stone dragging after it behind and sunk deep in the water keeps its course 

straight。 These boats they have in great numbers and some of them carry 

many thousands of talents' burden。 

     When   the   Nile   comes   over   the   land�察  �the   cities   alone   are   seen   rising 

above the water�察�resembling more nearly than anything else the islands in 

the Egean Sea�察�for the rest of Egypt becomes a sea and the cities alone rise 

above water。 Accordingly�察�whenever this happens�察�they pass by water not 

now   by   the   channels   of   the   river   but   over   the   midst   of   the   plain�此  �for 

example�察�as one sails up from Naucratis to Memphis the passage is then 

close   by   the   pyramids�察  �whereas   the   usual   passage   is   not   the   same   even 

here�察�but goes by the point of the Delta and the city of Kercasoros�察�while if 

you sail over the plain to Naucratis from the sea and from Canobos�察�you 

will go by Anthylla and the city called after Archander。 Of these Anthylla 

is a city of note and is especially assigned to the wife of him who reigns 

over   Egypt�察  �to   supply   her   with   sandals�察  。�this   is   the   case   since   the   time 

when Egypt came to be under the Persians���此�the other city seems to me to 

have its name from Archander the son´in´law of Danaos�察�who was the son 

of Phthios�察�the son of Achaios�察�for it is called the City of Archander。 There 

might   indeed   by   another   Archander�察  �but   in   any   case   the   name   is     not 

Egyptian。 



     Hitherto     my   own     observation     and   judgment     and    inquiry   are   the 

vouchers   for   that   which   I   have   said�察  �but   from   this   point   onwards   I   am 

about to tell the history of Egypt according to that which I have heard�察�to 

which will be added also something of that which I have myself seen。 

     Of Min�察�who first became king of Egypt�察�the priests said that on the 

one hand he banked off the site of Memphis from the river�此�for the whole 



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stream of the river used to flow along by the sandy mountain´ range on the 

side   of   Libya�察  �but   Min   formed   by   embankments   that   bend   of   the   river 

which lies to the South about a hundred furlongs above Memphis�察�and thus 

he dried up the old stream and conducted the river so that it flowed in the 

middle between the mountains�此�and even now this bend of the Nile is by 

the Persians kept under very careful watch�察�that it may flow in the channel 

to which it is confined�察�and the bank is repaired every year�察�for if the river 

should break through and overflow in this direction�察�Memphis would be in 

danger of being overwhelmed by flood。 When this Min�察�who first became 

king�察�had made into dry land the part which was dammed off�察�on the one 

hand�察�I say�察�he founded in it that city which is now called Memphis�察�for 

Memphis too is in the narrow part of Egypt�察�and outside the city he dug 

round it on the North and West a lake communicating with the river�察�for 

the   side   towards   the   East   is   barred   by   the   Nile   itself。 Then   secondly   he 

established   in   the   city   the   temple   of   Hephaistos   a   great   work   and   most 

worthy  of   mention。 After   this   man   the   priests   enumerated   to   me   from   a 

papyrus roll the names of other kings�察�three hundred and thirty in number�察�

and in all these generations of men eighteen were Ethiopians�察�one was a 

woman�察�a native Egyptian�察�and the rest were men and of Egyptian race�此�

and   the   name   of   the   woman   who   reigned   was   the   same   as   that   of   the 

Babylonian queen�察�namely Nitocris。 Of her they said that desiring to take 

vengeance   for   her   brother�察  �whom   the   Egyptians   had   slain   when   he   was 

their king and then�察�after having slain him�察�had given his kingdom to her�察�

desiring�察�I say�察�to take vengeance for him�察�she destroyed by craft many of 

the   Egyptians。   For   she   caused   to   be   constructed   a   very   large   chamber 

under ground�察�and making as though she would handsel it but in her mind 

devising other things�察�she invited those of the Egyptians whom she knew 

to have had most part in the murder�察�and gave a great banquet。 Then while 

they were feasting�察�she let in the river upon them by a secret conduit of 

large size。 Of her they told no more than this�察�except that�察�when this had 

been accomplished�察�she threw herself into a room full of embers�察�in order 

that she might escape vengeance。 As for the other kings�察�they could tell me 

of no great works which had been produced by them�察�and they said that 

they had no   renown except only  the last of them�察�Moiris�此�he ��they  said�� 



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produced       as   a  memorial      of   himself     the   gateway      of  the   temple     of 

Hephaistos which is turned towards the North Wind�察�and dug a lake�察�about 

which I shall set forth afterwards how many furlongs of circuit it has�察�and 

in   it   built   pyramids   of   the   size   which   I   shall   mention   at   the   same   time 

when I speak of the lake itself。 He�察�they said�察�produced these works�察�but of 

the rest none produced any。 

     Therefore passing these by I will make mention of the king who came 

after these�察�whose name is Sesostris。 He ��the priests said�� first of all set out 

with ships of war from the Arabian gulf and subdued those who dwelt by 

the shores of the Erythraian Sea�察�until as he sailed he came to a sea which 

could no further be navigated by reason of shoals�此�then secondly�察�after he 

had returned to Egypt�察�according to the report of the priests he took a great 

army and marched over the continent�察�subduing every nation which stood 

in   his   way�此   �and   those    of  them    whom      he   found    valiant   and    fighting 

desperately for their freedom�察�in their lands he set up pillars which told by 

inscriptions his own name and the name of his country�察�and how he had 

subdued them by his power�察�but as   to those of whose cities he   obtained 

possession   without   fighting   or   with   ease�察  �on   their   pillars   he   inscribed 

words   after   the   same   tenor   as   he   did   for   the   nations   which   had   shown 

themselves   courageous�察  �and   in   addition   he   drew   upon   them   the   hidden 

parts of a woman�察�desiring to signify by this that the people were cowards 

and   effeminate。   Thus   doing   he   traversed   the   continent�察  �until   at   last   he 

passed over to Europe from Asia and subdued the Scythians and also the 

Thracians。 These�察�I am of opinion�察�were the furthest people to which the 

Egyptian army came�察�for in their country the pillars are found to have been 

set   up�察  �but   in   the   land   beyond   this   they   are   no   longer   found。   From   this 

point   he   turned   and   began   to   go   back�察  �and   when   he   came   to   the   river 

Phasis�察  �what   happened   then   I   cannot   say   for   certain�察  �whether   the   king 

Sesostris himself divided off a certain portion of his army and left the men 

there as settlers in the land�察�or whether some of his soldiers were wearied 

by his distant marches and remained by the river Phasis。 For the people of 

Colchis   are   evidently  Egyptian�察  �and   this   I   perceived   for   myself   before   I 

heard it from others。 So when I had come to consider the matter I asked 

them   both�察  �and   the   Colchians   had   remembrance   of   the   Egyptians   more 



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than the Egyptians of the Colchians�察�but the Egyptians said they believed 

that the Colchians were a portion of the army of Sesostris。 That this was so 

I   conjectured   myself   not   only   because   they   are   dark´skinned   and   have 

curly hair ��this of itself amounts to nothing�察�for there are other races which 

are    so���察  �but   also    still  more    because     the    Colchians�察    �Egyptians�察     �and 

Ethiopians alone of all the races of men have practised circumcision from 

the first。 The Phenicians and the Syrians who dwell in Palestine confess 

themselves   that   they   have   learnt   it   from   the   Egyptians�察  �and   the   Syrians 

about the river Thermodon and the river Parthenios�察�and the Macronians�察�

who     are   their   neighbors�察    �say   that  they    have   learnt    it  lately  from    the 

Colchians。 These are the only races of men who practise circumcision�察�and 

these   evidently   practise   it   in   the   same   manner   as   the   Egyptians。   Of   the 

Egyptians   themselves   however   and   the   Ethiopians�察  �I   am   not   able   to   say 

which learnt from the other�察�for undoubtedly it is a most ancient custom�察�

but that the other nations learnt it by intercourse with the Egyptians�察�this 

among others is to me a strong proof�察�namely that those of the Phenicians 

who   have   intercourse   with   Hellas   cease   to   follow   the   example   of   the 

Egyptians in this matter�察�and do not circumcise their children。 No

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