an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及12何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
of rank when they die are not given at once to be embalmed�察 �nor such
women as are very beautiful or of greater regard than others�察�but on the
third or fourth day after their death ��and not before�� they are delivered to
the embalmers。 They do so about this matter in order that the embalmers
may not abuse their women�察�for they say that one of them was taken once
doing so to the corpse of a woman lately dead�察�and his fellow´craftsman
gave information。 Whenever any one�察�either of the Egyptians themselves
or of strangers�察�is found to have been carried off by a crocodile or brought
to his death by the river itself�察 �the people of any city by which he may
have been cast up on land must embalm him and lay him out in the fairest
way they can and bury him in a sacred burial´place�察�nor may any of his
relations or friends besides touch him�察 �but the priests of the Nile
themselves handle the corpse and bury it as that of one who was
something more than man。
Hellenic usages they will by no means follow�察�and to speak generally
they follow those of no other men whatever。 This rule is observed by most
of the Egyptians�察�but there is a large city named Chemmis in the Theban
district near Neapolis�察�and in this city there is a temple of Perseus the son
40
´ Page 41´
AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT
of Danae which is of a square shape�察�and round it grow date´palms�此�the
gateway of the temple is built of stone and of very great size�察�and at the
entrance of it stand two great statues of stone。 Within this enclosure is a
temple´house and in it stands an image of Perseus。 These people of
Chemmis say that Perseus is wont often to appear in their land and often
within the temple�察�and that a sandal which has been worn by him is found
sometimes�察 �being in length two cubits�察 �and whenever this appears all
Egypt prospers。 This they say�察 �and they do in honour of Perseus after
Hellenic fashion thus�察�they hold an athletic contest�察�which includes the
whole list of games�察�and they offer in prizes cattle and cloaks and skins�此�
and when I inquired why to them alone Perseus was wont to appear�察�and
wherefore they were separated from all the other Egyptians in that they
held an athletic contest�察�they said that Perseus had been born of their city�察�
for Danaos and Lynkeus were men of Chemmis and had sailed to Hellas�察�
and from them they traced a descent and came down to Perseus�此�and they
told me that he had come to Egypt for the reason which the Hellenes also
say�察�namely to bring from Libya the Gorgon's head�察�and had then visited
them also and recognised all his kinsfolk�察�and they said that he had well
learnt the name of Chemmis before he came to Egypt�察�since he had heard
it from his mother�察�and that they celebrated an athletic contest for him by
his own command。
All these are customs practised by the Egyptians who dwell above the
fens�此�and those who are settled in the fenland have the same customs for
the most part as the other Egyptians�察�both in other matters and also in that
they live each with one wife only�察�as do the Hellenes�察�but for economy in
respect of food they have invented these things besides��when the river
has become full and the plains have been flooded�察�there grow in the water
great numbers of lilies�察 �which the Egyptians call /lotos/�察 �these they cut
with a sickle and dry in the sun�察�and then they pound that which grows in
the middle of the lotos and which is like the head of a poppy�察 �and they
make of it loaves baked with fire。 The root also of this lotos is edible and
has a rather sweet taste�此�it is round in shape and about the size of an apple。
There are other lilies too�察�in flower resembling roses�察�which also grow in
the river�察 �and from them the fruit is produced in a separate vessel
41
´ Page 42´
AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT
springing from the root by the side of the plant itself�察 �and very nearly
resembles a wasp's comb�此�in this there grow edible seeds in great numbers
of the size of an olive´stone�察 �and they are eaten either fresh or dried。
Besides this they pull up from the fens the papyrus which grows every
year�察�and the upper parts of it they cut off and turn to other uses�察�but that
which is left below for about a cubit in length they eat or sell�此�and those
who desire to have the papyrus at its very best bake it in an oven heated
red´hot�察�and then eat it。 Some too of these people live on fish alone�察�which
they dry in the sun after having caught them and taken out the entrails�察�and
then when they are dry�察�they use them for food。
Fish which swim in shoals are not much produced in the rivers�察�but are
bred in the lakes�察�and they do as follows��When there comes upon them
the desire to breed�察�they swim out in shoals towards the sea�察�and the males
lead the way shedding forth their milt as they go�察 �while the females�察�
coming after and swallowing it up�察�from it become impregnated�此�and when
they have become full of young in the sea they swim up back again�察�each
shoal to its own haunts。 The same however no longer lead the way as
before�察�but the lead comes now to the females�察�and they leading the way in
shoals do just as the males did�察�that is to say they shed forth their eggs by a
few grains at a time�察�and the males coming after swallow them up。 Now
these grains are fish�察 �and from the grains which survive and are not
swallowed�察�the fish grow which afterwards are bred up。 Now those of the
fish which are caught as they swim out towards the sea are found to be
rubbed on the left side of the head�察 �but those which are caught as they
swim up again are rubbed on the right side。 This happens to them because
as they swim down to the sea they keep close to the land on the left side of
the river�察 �and again as they swim up they keep to the same side�察�
approaching and touching the bank as much as they can�察�for fear doubtless
of straying from their course by reason of the stream。 When the Nile
begins to swell�察�the hollow places of the land and the depressions by the
side of the river first begin to fill�察�as the water soaks through from the river�察�
and so soon as they become full of water�察�at once they are all filled with
little fishes�察�and whence these are in all likelihood produced�察�I think that I
perceive。 In the preceding year�察�when the Nile goes down�察�the fish first lay
42
´ Page 43´
AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT
eggs in the mud and then retire with the last of the retreating waters�察�and
when the time comes round again�察�and the water once more comes over
the land�察 �from these eggs forthwith are produced the fishes of which I
speak。
Thus it is as regards the fish。 And for anointing those of the Egyptians
who dwell in the fens use oil from the castor´berry�察 �which oil the
Egyptians call /kiki/�察�and thus they do��they sow along the banks of the
rivers and pools these plants�察�which in a wild form grow of themselves in
the land of the Hellenes�察�these are sown in Egypt and produce berries in
great quantity but of an evil smell�察 �and when they have gathered these
some cut them up and press the oil from them�察�others again roast them first
and then boil them down and collect that which runs away from them。 The
oil is fat and not less suitable for burning than olive´oil�察�but it gives forth a
disagreeable smell。 Against the gnats�察�which are very abundant�察�they have
contrived as follows��those who dwell above the fen´land are helped by
the towers�察 �to which they ascend when they go to rest�察 �for the gnats by
reason of the winds are not able to fly up high�此�but those who dwell in the
fen´ land have contrived another way instead of the towers�察�and this it is�此 �
´every man of them has got a casting net�察�with which by day he catches
fish�察�but in the night he uses it for this purpose�察�that is to say he puts the
casting´net round about the bed in which he sleeps�察 �and then creeps in
under it and goes to sleep�此 �and the gnats�察 �if he sleeps rolled up in a
garment or a linen sheet�察�bite through these�察�but through the net they do
not even attempt to bite。
Their boats with which they carry cargoes are made of the thorny
acacia�察�of which the form is very like that of the Kyrenian lotos�察�and that
which exudes from it is gum。 From this tree they cut pieces of wood about
two cubits in length and arrange them like bricks�察 �fastening the boat
together by running a great number of long bolts through the two´cubits
pieces�察�and when they have thus fastened the boat together�察�they lay cross´
pieces over the top�察�using no ribs for the sides�察�and within they caulk the
seams with papyrus。 They make one steering´oar for it�察 �which is passed
through the bottom of the boat�察�and they have a mast of acacia and sails of
papyrus。 These boats cannot sail up the river unless there be a very fresh
43
´ Page 44´
AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT
wind blowing�察�but are towed from th