misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟3)-及39何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
´ Page 134´
THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。
season propitious for schemes of parliamentary reform�察 �and the most
conservative statesman could not pretend that there was any occasion for
gagging bills and suspensions of the Habeas Corpus Act。 The great
struggle for independence and national honour occupied all minds�察 �and
those who were agreed as to the duty of maintaining that struggle with
vigour might well postpone to a more convenient time all disputes about
matters comparatively unimportant。 Strongly impressed by these
considerations�察�Pitt wished to form a ministry including all the first men in
the country。 The Treasury he reserved for himself�察�and to Fox he proposed
to assign a share of power little inferior to his own。
The plan was excellent�察 �but the King would not hear of it。 Dull�察�
obstinate�察�unforgiving�察�and�察�at that time half mad�察�he positively refused to
admit Fox into his service。 Anybody else�察�even men who had gone as far
as Fox�察�or further than Fox�察�in what his Majesty considered as Jacobinism�察�
Sheridan�察 �Grey�察 �Erskine�察 �should be graciously received�察 �but Fox never。
During several hours Pitt laboured in vain to reason down this senseless
antipathy。 That he was perfectly sincere there can be no doubt�此�but it was
not enough to be sincere�察�he should have been resolute。 Had he declared
himself determined not to take office without Fox�察 �the royal obstinacy
would have given way�察�as it gave way�察�a few months later�察�when opposed
to the immutable resolution of Lord Grenville。 In an evil hour Pitt yielded。
He flattered himself with the hope that�察�though he consented to forego the
aid of his illustrious rival�察�there would still remain ample materials for the
formation of an efficient ministry。 That hope was cruelly disappointed。
Fox entreated his friends to leave personal considerations out of the
question�察�and declared that he would support�察�with the utmost cordiality�察�
an efficient and patriotic ministry from which he should be himself
excluded。 Not only his friends�察 �however�察 �but Grenville�察 �and Grenville's
adherents�察�answered�察�with one voice�察�that the question was not personal�察�
that a great constitutional principle was at stake�察�and that they would not
take office while a man eminently qualified to render service to the
commonwealth was placed under a ban merely because he was disliked at
Court。 All that was left to Pitt was to construct a government out of the
wreck of Addington's feeble administration。 The small circle of his
134
´ Page 135´
THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。
personal retainers furnished him with a very few useful assistants�察�
particularly Dundas�察 �who had been created Viscount Melville�察 �Lord
Harrowby�察�and Canning。
Such was the inauspicious manner in which Pitt entered on his second
administration。 The whole history of that administration was of a piece
with the commencement。 Almost every month brought some new disaster
or disgrace。 To the war with France was soon added a war with Spain。 The
opponents of the minister were numerous�察 �able�察 �and active。 His most
useful coadjutors he soon lost。 Sickness deprived him of the help of Lord
Harrowby。 It was discovered that Lord Melville had been guilty of highly
culpable laxity in transactions relating to public money。 He was censured
by the House of Commons�察 �driven from office�察 �ejected from the Privy
Council�察�and impeached of high crimes and misdemeanours。 The blow fell
heavy on Pitt。 It gave him�察�he said in Parliament�察�a deep pang�察�and�察�as he
uttered the word pang�察�his lip quivered�察�his voice shook�察�he paused�察�and
his hearers thought that he was about to burst into tears。 Such tears shed
by Eldon would have moved nothing but laughter。 Shed by the warm´
hearted and open´hearted Fox�察 �they would have moved sympathy�察 �but
would have caused no surprise。 But a tear from Pitt would have been
something portentous。 He suppressed his emotion�察 �however�察 �and
proceeded with his usual majestic self´ possession。
His difficulties compelled him to resort to various expedients。 At one
time Addington was persuaded to accept office with a peerage�察 �but he
brought no additional strength to the government。 Though he went through
the form of reconciliation�察 �it was impossible for him to forget the past。
While he remained in place he was jealous and punctilious�察�and he soon
retired again。 At another time Pitt renewed his efforts to overcome his
master's aversion to Fox�察 �and it was rumoured that the King's obstinacy
was gradually giving way。 But�察 �meanwhile�察 �it was impossible for the
minister to conceal from the public eye the decay of his health�察 �and the
constant anxiety which gnawed at his heart。 His sleep was broken。 His
food ceased to nourish him。 All who passed him in the Park�察�all who had
interviews with him in Downing Street�察 �saw misery written in his face。
The peculiar look which he wore during the last months of his life was
135
´ Page 136´
THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。
often pathetically described by Wilberforce�察 �who used to call it the
Austerlitz look。
Still the vigour of Pitt's intellectual faculties�察 �and the intrepid
haughtiness of his spirit�察�remained unaltered。 He had staked everything on
a great venture。 He had succeeded in forming another mighty coalition
against the French ascendency。 The united forces of Austria�察�Russia�察�and
England might�察 �he hoped�察 �oppose an insurmountable barrier to the
ambition of the common enemy。 But the genius and energy of Napoleon
prevailed。 While the English troops were preparing to embark for
Germany�察�while the Russian troops were slowly coming up from Poland�察�
he�察 �with rapidity unprecedented in modern war�察 �moved a hundred
thousand men from the shores of the Ocean to the Black Forest�察 �and
compelled a great Austrian army to surrender at Ulm。 To the first faint
rumours of this calamity Pitt would give no credit。 He was irritated by the
alarms of those around him。 ;Do not believe a word of it�察─�he said�此 �It is
all a fiction。; The next day he received a Dutch newspaper containing the
capitulation。 He knew no Dutch。 It was Sunday�察 �and the public offices
were shut。 He carried the paper to Lord Malmesbury�察 �who had been
minister in Holland�察�and Lord Malmesbury translated it。 Pitt tried to bear
up�察�but the shock was too great�察�and he went away with death in his face。
The news of the battle of Trafalgar arrived four days later�察�and seemed
for a moment to revive him。 Forty´eight hours after that most glorious and
most mournful of victories had been announced to the country came the
Lord Mayor's day�察�and Pitt dined at Guildhall。 His popularity had declined。
But on this occasion the multitude�察�greatly excited by the recent tidings�察�
welcomed him enthusiastically�察�took off his horses in Cheapside�察�and drew
his carriage up King Street。 When his health was drunk�察�he returned thanks
in two or three of those stately sentences of which he had a boundless
command。 Several of those who heard him laid up his words in their hearts�察�
for they were the last words that he ever uttered in public�此 �Let us hope
that England�察�having saved herself by her energy�察�may save Europe by her
example。;
This was but a momentary rally。 Austerlitz soon completed what Ulm
had begun。 Early in December Pitt had retired to Bath�察�in the hope that he
136
´ Page 137´
THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY。
might there gather strength for the approaching session。 While he was
languishing there on his sofa arrived the news that a decisive battle had
been fought and lost in Moravia�察�that the coalition was dissolved�察�that the
Continent was at the feet of France。 He sank down under the blow。 Ten
days later he was so emaciated that his most intimate friends hardly knew
him。 He came up from Bath by slow journeys�察�and�察�on the 11th of January
1806�察�reached his villa at Putney。 Parliament was to meet on the 21st。 On
the 20th was to be the parliamentary dinner at the house of the First Lord
of the Treasury in Downing Street�察�and the cards were already issued。 But
the days of the great minister were numbered。 The only chance for his life�察�
and that a very slight chance�察�was that he should resign his office�察�and pass
some months in profound repose。 His colleagues paid him very short visits�察�
and carefully avoided political conversation。 But his spirit�察 �long
accustomed to dominion�察 �could not�察 �even in that extremity�察 �relinquish
hopes which everybody but himself perceived to be vain。 On the day on
which he was carried into his