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And others say that the Gods carried Helen herself off to Egypt�察�and that 

they   made   in   her   likeness   a   beautiful   ghost�察  �out   of   flowers   and   sunset 

clouds�察�whom Paris bore to Troy�察�and this they did to cause war between 

Greeks and Trojans。          Another story is that Helen and her bower maiden 

and her jewels were seized by force�察�when Menelaus was out hunting。                         It 

is only certain that Paris   and Helen did cross the seas together�察�and that 

Menelaus   and   little   Hermione   were   left   alone   in   the   melancholy   palace 

beside the Eurotas。 Penelope�察�we know for certain�察�made no excuses for 

her beautiful cousin�察�but hated her as the cause of her own sorrows and of 

the   deaths   of   thousands   of   men   in   war�察  �for   all   the   Greek   princes   were 

bound by their oath to fight for Menelaus against any one who injured him 

and   stole   his   wife   away。    But    Helen   was   very   unhappy   in   Troy�察     �and 

blamed herself as bitterly as all the other women blamed her�察�and most of 

all OEnone�察�who had been the love of Paris。                 The men were much more 

kind to Helen�察�and were determined to fight to the death rather than lose 

the sight of her beauty among them。 

     The news of the dishonour done to Menelaus and to all the princes of 

Greece ran through the country like fire through a forest。                  East and west 

and south and north went the news�此             �to kings in their castles on the hills�察�

and beside the rivers and on cliffs above the sea。              The cry came to ancient 

Nestor   of   the   white   beard   at   Pylos�察  �Nestor   who   had   reigned   over   two 

generations of men�察�who had fought against the wild folk of the hills�察�and 

remembered the strong Heracles�察�and Eurytus of the black bow that sang 

before the day of battle。 

     The cry came to black´bearded Agamemnon�察�in his strong town called 

;golden Mycenae�察─�because it was so rich�察�it came to the people in Thisbe�察�

where   the   wild   doves   haunt�察  �and   it   came   to   rocky   Pytho�察  �where   is   the 

sacred temple of Apollo and the maid who prophesies。 It came to Aias�察�the 

tallest and strongest of men�察�in his little isle of Salamis�察�and to Diomede of 

the loud war´cry�察�the bravest of warriors�察�who held Argos and Tiryns of the 

black walls of huge�察�stones�察�that are still standing。            The summons came to 



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the   western   islands   and   to   Ulysses   in   Ithaca�察  �and   even   far   south   to   the 

great   island   of   Crete   of   the   hundred   cities�察  �where   Idomeneus   ruled   in 

Cnossos�察     �Idomeneus�察     �whose    ruined    palace   may    still  be  seen   with   the 

throne of the king�察�and pictures painted on the walls�察�and the King's own 

draught´board of gold and silver�察�and hundreds of tablets of clay�察�on which 

are    written   the   lists  of  royal   treasures。    Far   north   went    the  news     to 

Pelasgian      Argos�察   �and   Hellas�察  �where     the  people    of   Peleus    dwelt�察  �the 

Myrmidons�察�but Peleus was too old to fight�察�and his boy�察�Achilles�察�dwelt 

far away�察�in the island of Scyros�察�dressed as a girl�察�among the daughters of 

King Lycomedes。 To many another town and to a hundred islands went the 

bitter news of approaching war�察�for all princes knew that their honour and 

their   oaths   compelled   them   to   gather   their   spearmen�察  �and   bowmen�察  �and 

slingers from the fields and the fishing�察�and to make ready their ships�察�and 

meet King Agamemnon in the harbour of Aulis�察�and cross the wide sea to 

besiege Troy town。 

     Now   the   story   is   told   that   Ulysses   was   very   unwilling   to   leave   his 

island and his wife Penelope�察�and little Telemachus�察�while Penelope had 

no wish that he should pass into danger�察�and into the sight of Helen of the 

fair hands。      So it is said that when two of the princes came to summon 

Ulysses�察�he  pretended to be mad�察 �and went   ploughing the sea sand  with 

oxen�察�and sowing the sand with salt。 Then the prince Palamedes took the 

baby Telemachus from the arms of his nurse�察�Eurycleia�察�and laid him in 

the  line   of   the   furrow�察  �where   the   ploughshare   would   strike   him  and   kill 

him。     But Ulysses turned the plough aside�察�and they cried that he was not 

mad�察�but sane�察�and he must keep his oath�察�and join the fleet at Aulis�察�a long 

voyage for him to sail�察�round the stormy southern Cape of Maleia。 

     Whether this tale be true or not�察�Ulysses did go�察�leading twelve black 

ships�察�with high beaks painted red at prow and stern。                The ships had oars�察�

and the warriors manned the oars�察�to row when there was no wind。                      There 

was a small raised deck at each end of the ships�察�on these decks men stood 

to fight with sword and spear when there was a battle at sea。                   Each ship 

had but one mast�察�with a broad lugger sail�察�and for anchors they had only 

heavy   stones   attached   to   cables。      They   generally   landed   at   night�察  �and 

slept on the shore of one of the many islands�察�when they could�察�for they 



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greatly feared to sail out of sight of land。 

     The   fleet   consisted   of   more   than   a   thousand   ships�察  �each   with   fifty 

warriors�察�so the army was of more than fifty thousand men。 Agamemnon 

had a hundred ships�察�Diomede had eighty�察�Nestor had ninety�察�the Cretans 

with   Idomeneus�察  �had   eighty�察  �Menelaus   had   sixty�察  �but Aias   and   Ulysses�察�

who lived in small islands�察�had only twelve ships apiece。                   Yet Aias was so 

brave and strong�察�and   Ulysses so   brave   and wise�察 �that they  were   ranked 

among   the   greatest   chiefs   and   advisers   of Agamemnon�察  �with   Menelaus�察�

Diomede�察  �Idomeneus�察  �Nestor�察  �Menestheus   of   Athens�察  �and   two   or   three 

others。      These     chiefs    were    called    the   Council�察   �and    gave    advice    to 

Agamemnon�察�who was commander´in´chief。                       He was a brave fighter�察�but 

so anxious and fearful of losing the lives of his soldiers that Ulysses and 

Diomede were often obliged to speak to him very severely。 Agamemnon 

was also very insolent and greedy�察�though�察�when anybody stood up to him�察�

he was ready to apologise�察�for fear the injured chief should renounce his 

service and take away his soldiers。 

     Nestor was much respected because he remained brave�察�though he was 

too   old   to   be   very   useful   in   battle。 He   generally   tried   to   make   peace 

when   the   princes   quarrelled   with   Agamemnon。              He   loved   to   tell   long 

stories about his great deeds when he was young�察�and he wished the chiefs 

to fight in old´fashioned ways。 

     For instance�察�in his time the Greeks had fought in clan regiments�察�and 

the    princely    men    had    never   dismounted       in  battle�察  �but   had   fought    in 

squadrons of chariots�察�but now the owners of chariots fought on foot�察�each 

man for himself�察�while his squire kept the chariot near him to escape on if 

he   had   to   retreat。   Nestor   wished   to   go   back   to   the   good   old   way   of 

chariot charges against the crowds of foot soldiers of the enemy。                    In short�察�

he was a fine example of the old´ fashioned soldier。 

     Aias�察  �though   so   very   tall�察  �strong�察  �and   brave�察  �was   rather   stupid。   He 

seldom   spoke�察  �but   he   was   always   ready   to   fight�察  �and   the   last   to   retreat。 

Menelaus was weak of body�察�but as brave as the best�察�or more brave�察�for 

he   had   a   keen   sense   of   honour�察  �and   would   attempt   what   he   had   not   the 

strength   to   do。    Diomede   and   Ulysses   were   great   friends�察  �and   always 

fought side by side�察�when they could�察�and helped each other in the most 



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dangerous adventures。 

     These     were    the  chiefs   who    led   the  great   Greek     armada    from    the 

harbour   of   Aulis。     A   long   time   had   passed�察  �after   the   flight   of   Helen�察�

before   the   large   fleet   could   be   collected�察  �and   more   time   went   by   in   the 

attempt to cross the sea to Troy。            There were tempests that scattered the 

ships�察�so they were driven back to Aulis to refit�察�and they fought�察�as they 

went out again�察�with the peoples of unfriendly islands�察�and besieged their 

towns。     What they wanted most of all was to have Achilles with them�察�for 

he was the leader of fifty ships and 2��500 men�察�and he had magical armour 

made�察�men said�察�for his father�察�by Hephaestus�察�the God of armour´ making 

and smithy work。 

     At last the fleet came to the Isle of Scyros�察�where they suspected that 

Achilles was concealed。          King Lycomedes received the chiefs kindly�察�and 

they   saw     all  his  beautiful   daughters     dancing     and   playing    at  ball�察 �but 

Achilles   was   still   so   young   and   slim   and   so   beautiful   that   they   did   not 

know him among the others。              There was a prophecy that they could not 

take    Troy    without    him�察  �and   yet   they   could   not   find   him   out。   Then 

Ulysses had a plan。        He blackened his eyebrows and beard and put on the 

dress of a Phoenician merchant。 The Phoenicians were a people who lived 

near   the   Jews�察  �and   were   of   the   same   race�察  �and   spoke   much   the   same 

language�察�but�察�unlike the Jews�察�who�察�at that time were farmers in Palestine�察�

tilling the ground�察�and keepi

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