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slingers on the wings of the army。            Then a great black cloud spread over 

the sky�察�and red was the rain that fell from it。            The Trojans gathered on a 

height in the plain�察�and Hector�察�shining in armour�察�went here and there�察�in 

front and   rear�察 �like   a star   that   now  gleams   forth   and now  is hidden in   a 

cloud。 

     The   armies   rushed   on   each   other   and   hewed   each   other   down�察  �as 

reapers   cut   their   way   through   a   field   of   tall   corn。 Neither   side   gave 

ground�察�though the helmets of the bravest Trojans might be seen deep in 

the ranks of the Greeks�察�and the swords of the bravest Greeks rose and fell 

in the ranks of the Trojans�察�and all the while the arrows showered like rain。 

But at noon´day�察�when the weary woodman rests from cutting trees�察�and 

takes his dinner in the quiet hills�察�the Greeks of the first line made a charge�察�

Agamemnon   running   in   front   of   them�察  �and   he   speared   two Trojans�察  �and 

took their breastplates�察�which he laid in his chariot�察�and then he speared 

one brother of Hector and struck another down with his sword�察�and killed 

two more who vainly asked to be made prisoners of war。                     Footmen slew 

footmen�察�and chariot men slew chariot men�察�and they broke into the Trojan 

line as fire falls on a forest in a windy day�察�leaping and roaring and racing 

through   the   trees。    Many   an   empty   chariot   did   the   horses   hurry   madly 

through   the   field�察  �for   the   charioteers   were   lying   dead�察  �with   the   greedy 

vultures     hovering      above     them�察   �flapping     their   wide    wings。      Still 

Agamemnon followed and slew the hindmost Trojans�察�but the rest fled till 

they came to the gates�察�and the oak tree that grew outside the gates�察�and 

there they stopped。 

     But Hector held his hands from fighting�察�for in the meantime he was 

making his men face the enemy and form up in line and take breath�察�and 

was encouraging them�察�for they had retreated from the wall of the Greeks 

across the whole plain�察�past the hill that was the tomb of Ilus�察�a king of old�察�



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and past the place of the wild fig´tree。 Much ado had Hector to rally the 

Trojans�察�but he knew that when men do turn again they are hard to beat。 

So    it  proved�察   �for  when     the  Trojans    had    rallied  and   formed     in  line�察�

Agamemnon slew a Thracian chief who had come to fight for Troy before 

King     Rhesus     came。    But     the  eldest   brother    of  the   slain  man    smote 

Agamemnon   through   the   arm   with   his   spear�察  �and�察  �though   Agamemnon 

slew him in   turn�察�his   wound bled much   and he   was in great   pain�察�so   he 

leaped into his chariot and was driven back to the ships。 

     Then   Hector   gave   the   word   to   charge�察  �as   a   huntsman   cries   on   his 

hounds against a lion�察�and he rushed forward at the head of the Trojan line�察�

slaying as he went。        Nine chiefs of the Greeks he slew�察�and fell upon the 

spearmen and scattered them�察�as the spray of the waves is scattered by the 

wandering wind。 

     Now the ranks of the Greeks were broken�察�and they would have been 

driven among their ships and killed   without mercy�察�had not Ulysses   and 

Diomede   stood   firm   in   the   centre�察  �and   slain   four   Trojan   leaders。    The 

Greeks began to come back and face their enemies in line of battle again�察�

though Hector�察�who had been fighting on the Trojan right�察�rushed against 

them。     But Diomede took good aim with his spear at the helmet of Hector�察�

and struck it fairly。       The spear´point did not go through the helmet�察�but 

Hector was stunned and fell�察�and�察�when he came to himself�察�he leaped into 

his   chariot�察  �and   his   squire   drove   him   against   the   Pylians   and   Cretans�察�

under   Nestor   and   Idomeneus�察  �who   were   on   the   left   wing   of   the   Greek 

army。 Then Diomede fought on till Paris�察�who stood beside the pillar on 

the hillock that was the tomb of old King Ilus�察�sent an arrow clean through 

his foot。    Ulysses went and stood in front of Diomede�察�who sat down�察�and 

Ulysses   drew   the   arrow   from   his   foot�察  �and   Diomede   stepped   into   his 

chariot and was driven back to the ships。 

     Ulysses was now the only Greek chief that still fought in the centre。 

The Greeks all fled�察�and he was alone in the crowd of Trojans�察�who rushed 

on him as hounds and hunters press round a wild boar that stands at bay in 

a   wood。     ;They   are   cowards   that   flee   from   the   fight�察─  �said   Ulysses   to 

himself�察 �but I will stand here�察�one man against a multitude。;                He covered 

the front of his body with his great shield�察�that hung by a belt round his 



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neck�察�and he smote four Trojans and wounded a fifth。                 But the brother of 

the   wounded   man   drove   a   spear   through   the   shield   and   breastplate   of 

Ulysses�察  �and   tore   clean   through   his   side。  Then   Ulysses   turned   on   this 

Trojan�察�and he fled�察�and Ulysses sent a spear through his shoulder and out 

at his breast�察�and he died。        Ulysses dragged from his own side the spear 

that   had   wounded   him�察  �and   called   thrice   with   a   great   voice   to   the   other 

Greeks�察 �and   Menelaus  and Aias   rushed to   rescue him�察 �for   many Trojans 

were round him�察�like jackals round a wounded stag that a man has struck 

with an arrow。       But Aias ran and covered the wounded Ulysses with his 

huge shield till   he   could   climb   into   the   chariot   of   Menelaus�察 �who   drove 

him back to the ships。 

     Meanwhile�察�Hector was slaying the Greeks on the left of their battle�察�

and    Paris   struck    the  Greek     surgeon�察   �Machaon�察     �with   an   arrow�察   �and 

Idomeneus   bade   Nestor   put   Machaon          in  his   chariot   and  drive   him   to 

Nestor's hut�察�where his wound might be tended。               Meanwhile�察�Hector sped 

to   the   centre   of  the   line�察 �where    Aias    was   slaying    the   Trojans�察  �but 

Eurypylus�察�a Greek chief�察�was wounded by an arrow from the bow of Paris�察�

and his friends guarded him with their shields and spears。 

     Thus the best of the Greeks were wounded and out of the battle�察�save 

Aias�察�and the spearmen were in flight。            Meanwhile Achilles was standing 

by the stern of his ship watching the defeat of the Greeks�察�but when he saw 

Machaon being carried past�察�sorely wounded�察�in the chariot of Nestor�察�he 

bade his friend Patroclus�察�whom he loved better than all the rest�察�to go and 

ask how Machaon did。            He was sitting drinking wine with Nestor when 

Patroclus   came�察 �and   Nestor   told   Patroclus how  many  of   the   chiefs   were 

wounded�察�and though Patroclus was in a hurry Nestor began a very long 

story about his own great deeds of war�察�done when he was a young man。 

At last he bade Patroclus tell Achilles that�察�if he would not fight himself�察�

he should at least send out his men under Patroclus�察�who should wear the 

splendid armour of Achilles。          Then the Trojans would think that Achilles 

himself had returned to the battle�察�and they would be afraid�察�for none of 

them dared to meet Achilles hand to hand。 

     So Patroclus ran off to Achilles�察�but�察�on his way�察�he met the wounded 

Eurypylus�察�and he took him to his hut and cut the arrow out of his thigh 



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with a knife�察�and washed the wound with warm water�察�and rubbed over it a 

bitter   root   to   take   the   pain   away。 Thus   he   waited   for   some   time   with 

Eurypylus�察�but the advice of Nestor was in the end to cause the death of 

Patroclus。      The   battle   now   raged   more   fiercely�察  �while Agamemnon   and 

Diomede and Ulysses could only limp about leaning on their spears�察�and 

again Agamemnon wished to moor the ships near shore�察�and embark in the 

night   and   run   away。   But   Ulysses   was   very   angry   with   him�察  �and   said�此�

;You should lead some other inglorious army�察�not us�察�who will fight on till 

every soul of us perish�察�rather than flee like cowards�                �Be silent�察�lest the 

soldiers hear you speaking of flight�察�such words as no man should utter。                    I 

wholly scorn your counsel�察�for the Greeks will lose heart if�察�in the midst of 

battle�察�you bid them launch the ships。; 

     Agamemnon   was   ashamed�察  �and�察  �by   Diomede's   advice�察  �the   wounded 

kings went down to the verge of the war to encourage the others�察�though 

they were themselves unable to fight。             They rallied the Greeks�察�and Aias 

led them and struck Hector full in the breast with a great rock�察�so that his 

friends carried him out of the battle to the river side�察�where they poured 

water over him�察�but he lay fainting on the ground�察�the black blood gushing 

up from his mouth。         While Hector lay there�察�and all men thought that he 

would   die�察  �Aias   and   Idomeneus   were   driving   back   the   Trojans�察  �and   it 

seemed that�察�even without Achilles and his men�察�the Greeks were able to 

hold their own against the Trojans。             But the battle was never lost while 

Hector   lived。     People   in   those   days   believed   in   ;omens�此─  �they   thought 

that the appearance of birds on the right or left hand meant good or bad 

luck。    Once   during   the   battle   a   Trojan   showed   Hector   an   unlucky   bird�察�

and wanted him to retreat into the town。 But Hector said�察 �One omen is the 

best�此   �to   fight   for   our   own   country。;  Wh

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