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梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
indispensable�察�even for going without money。 But though that dross
is necessary to any one who wishes to think in peace�察�I have not
courage enough to make it the sole motive power of my thoughts。 To
make a fortune�察�I must take up a profession�察�in two words�察�I must��
by acquiring some privilege of position or of self´advertisement�察�
either legal or ingeniously contrived�察�purchase the right of
taking day by day out of somebody else's purse a certain sum
which�察�by the end of the year�察�would amount to a small capital��
and this�察�in twenty years�察�would hardly secure an income of four
or five thousand francs to a man who deals honestly。 An advocate��
a notary�察�a merchant�察�any recognized professional�察�has earned a
living for his later days in the course of fifteen or sixteen
years after ending his apprenticeship。
;But I have never felt fit for work of this kind。 I prefer thought
to action�察�an idea to a transaction�察�contemplation to activity。 I
am absolutely devoid of the constant attention indispensable to
the making of a fortune。 Any mercantile venture�察�any need for
using other people's money would bring me to grief�察�and I should
be ruined。 Though I have nothing�察�at least at the moment�察�I owe
nothing。 The man who gives his life to the achievement of great
things in the sphere of intellect�察�needs very little�察�still��
though twenty sous a day would be enough�察�I do not possess that
small income for my laborious idleness。 When I wish to cogitate��
want drives me out of the sanctuary where my mind has its being。
What is to become of me��
;I am not frightened at poverty。 If it were not that beggars are
imprisoned�察�branded�察�scorned�察�I would beg�察�to enable me to solve
at my leisure the problems that haunt me。 Still�察�this sublime
resignation�察�by which I might emancipate my mind�察�through
abstracting it from the body�察�would not serve my end。 I should
still need money to devote myself to certain experiments。 But for
that�察�I would accept the outward indigence of a sage possessed of
both heaven and heart。 A man need only never stoop�察�to remain
lofty in poverty。 He who struggles and endures�察�while marching on
to a glorious end�察�presents a noble spectacle�察�but who can have
the strength to fight here�拭�We can climb cliffs�察�but it is
unendurable to remain for ever tramping the mud。 Everything here
checks the flight of the spirit that strives towards the future。
;I should not be afraid of myself in a desert cave�察�I am afraid of
myself here。 In the desert I should be alone with myself��
undisturbed�察�here man has a thousand wants which drag him down。
You go out walking�察�absorbed in dreams�察�the voice of the beggar
asking an alms brings you back to this world of hunger and thirst。
You need money only to take a walk。 Your organs of sense��
perpetually wearied by trifles�察�never get any rest。 The poet's
sensitive nerves are perpetually shocked�察�and what ought to be his
glory becomes his torment�察�his imagination is his cruelest enemy。
The injured workman�察�the poor mother in childbed�察�the prostitute
who has fallen ill�察�the foundling�察�the infirm and agedeven vice
and crime here find a refuge and charity�察�but the world is
merciless to the inventor�察�to the man who thinks。 Here everything
must show an immediate and practical result。 Fruitless attempts
are mocked at�察�though they may lead to the greatest discoveries��
the deep and untiring study that demands long concentrations of
every faculty is not valued here。 The State might pay talent as it
pays the bayonet�察�but it is afraid of being taken in by mere
cleverness�察�as if genius could be counterfeited for any length of
time。
;Ah�察�my dear uncle�察�when monastic solitude was destroyed�察�uprooted
from its home at the foot of mountains�察�under green and silent
shade�察�asylums ought to have been provided for those suffering
souls who�察�by an idea�察�promote the progress of nations or prepare
some new and fruitful development of science。
;September 20th。
;The love of study brought me hither�察�as you know。 I have met
really learned men�察�amazing for the most part�察�but the lack of
unity in scientific work almost nullifies their efforts。 There is
no Head of instruction or of scientific research。 At the Museum a
professor argues to prove that another in the Rue Saint´Jacques
talks nonsense。 The lecturer at the College of Medicine abuses him
of the College de France。 When I first arrived�察�I went to hear an
old Academician who taught five hundred youths that Corneille was
a haughty and powerful genius�察�Racine�察�elegiac and graceful��
Moliere�察�inimitable�察�Voltaire�察�supremely witty�察�Bossuet and
Pascal�察�incomparable in argument。 A professor of philosophy may
make a name by explaining how Plato is Platonic。 Another
discourses on the history of words�察�without troubling himself
about ideas。 One explains Aeschylus�察�another tells you that
communes were communes�察�and neither more nor less。 These original
and brilliant discoveries�察�diluted to last several hours��
constitute the higher education which is to lead to giant strides
in human knowledge。
;If the Government could have an idea�察�I should suspect it of
being afraid of any real superiority�察�which�察�once roused�察�might
bring Society under the yoke of an intelligent rule。 Then nations
would go too far and too fast�察�so professors are appointed to
produce simpletons。 How else can we account for a scheme devoid of
method or any notion of the future��
;The /Institut/ might be the central government of the moral and
intellectual world�察�but it has been ruined lately by its
subdivision into separate academies。 So human science marches on��
without a guide�察�without a system�察�and floats haphazard with no
road traced out。
;This vagueness and uncertainty prevails in politics as well as in
science。 In the order of nature means are simple�察�the end is grand
and marvelous�察�here in science as in government�察�the means are
stupendous�察�the end is mean。 The force which in nature proceeds at
an equal pace�察�and of which the sum is constantly being added to
itselfthe A �� A from which everything is producedis
destructive in society。 Politics�察�at the present time�察�place human
forces in antagonism to neutralize each other�察�instead of
combining them to promote their action to some definite end。
;Looking at Europe alone�察�from Caesar to Constantine�察�from the
puny Constantine to the great Attila�察�from the Huns to
Charlemagne�察�from Charlemagne to Leo X。�察�from Leo X。�察�to Philip
II。�察�from Philip II。 to Louis XIV。�察�from Venice to England�察�from
England to Napoleon�察�from Napoleon to England�察�I see no fixed
purpose in politics�察�its constant agitation has led to no
progress。
;Nations leave witnesses to their greatness in monuments�察�and to
their happiness in the welfare of individuals。 Are modern
monuments as fine as those of the ancients�拭�I doubt it。 The arts��
which are the direct outcome of the individual�察�the products of
genius or of handicraft�察�have not advanced much。 The pleasures of
Lucullus were as good as those of Samuel Bernard�察�of Beaujon�察�or
of the King of Bavaria。 And then human longevity has diminished。
;Thus�察�to those who will be candid�察�man is still the same�察�might
is his only law�察�and success his only wisdom。
;Jesus Christ�察�Mahomet�察�and Luther only lent a different hue to
the arena in which youthful nations disport themselves。
;No development of politics has hindered civilization�察�with its
riches�察�its manners�察�its alliance of the strong against the weak��
its ideas�察�and its delights�察�from moving from Memphis to Tyre��
from Tyre to Baalbek�察�from Tadmor to Carthage�察�from Carthage to
Rome�察�from Rome to Constantinople�察�from Constantinople to Venice��
from Venice to Spain�察�from Spain to Englandwhile no trace is
left of Memphis�察�of Tyre�察�of Carthage�察�of Rome�察�of Venice�察�or
Madrid。 The soul of those great bodies has fled。 Not one of them
has preserved itself from destruction�察�nor formulated this axiom��
When the effect produced ceases to be in a ratio to its cause��
disorganization follows。
;The most subtle genius can discover no common bond between great
social facts。 No political theory has ever lasted。 Governments
pass away�察�as men do�察�without handing down any lesson�察�and no
system gives birth to a system better than that which came before
it。 What can we say about politics when a Government directly
referred to God perished in India and Egypt�察�when the rule of the
Sword and of the Tiara are past�察�when Monarchy is dying�察�when the
Government of the People has never been alive�察�when no scheme of
intellectual power as applied to material interests has ever
proved durable�察�and everything at this day remains to be done all
over again�察�as it has been at every period when man has turned to
cry out�察�'I am in torment��'
;The code�察�which is considered Napoleon's greatest achievement�察�is
the most Draconian work I know of。 Territorial subdivision carried
out to the uttermost�察�and its principle confirmed by the equal
division of property generally�察�must result in the degeneracy of
the nation and the death of the Arts and Sciences。 The land�察�too
much broken up�察�is cultivated only with cereals and small crops��
the forests�察�and consequently the rivers�察�are disappearing�察�oxen
and horses are no longer bred。 Means are lacking both for attack
and for resistance。 If we should be invaded�察�the people must be
crushed�察�it has lost its mainspring its leaders。 This is the
history of deserts��
;Thus the science of politics has no definite principles�察�and it
can have no fixity�察�it is the spirit of the hour�察�the perpetual
application of strength proportioned to the necessities of the
moment。 The man who should foresee two centuries ahead would die
on the place of execution�察�loaded with the imprecations of the
mob�察�or elsewhich seems worsewould be lashed with the myriad
whips of ridicule。 Nations are but individuals�察�neither wiser nor
stronger than man�察�and their destinies are id