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                            RUSSIA IN 1919 



RUSSIA IN 1919 



             ARTHUR RANSOME 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



                          INTRODUCTION 



     I   am   well   aware   that   there   is   material   in   this   book   which   will   be 

misused by fools both white and red。               That is not my fault。        My object 

has   been   narrowly   limited。      I   have   tried   by   means   of   a   bald   record   of 

conversations and things seen�察�to provide material for those who wish to 

know what is being done and thought in Moscow at the present time�察�and 

demand   something   more   to   go   upon   than   secondhand   reports   of   wholly 

irrelevant atrocities committed by either one side or the other�察�and often by 

neither one side nor the other�察�but by irresponsible scoundrels who�察�in the 

natural turmoil of the greatest convulsion in the history of our civilization�察�

escape temporarily here and there from any kind of control。 

       The book is in no sense of the word propaganda。                  For propaganda�察�

for    the   defence    or   attack   of   the  Communist        position�察   �is  needed    a 

knowledge of economics�察�both from the capitalist and socialist standpoints�察�

to which I cannot pretend。 Very  many times during the revolution it has 

seemed to me a tragedy that no Englishman properly equipped in this way 

was in Russia studying the gigantic experiment which�察�as a country�察�we are 

allowing to pass abused but not examined。               I did my best。       I got�察�I think 

I may say�察�as near as any foreigner who was not a Communist could get to 

what     was    going    on。    But     I  never    lost  the   bitter   feeling   that   the 

opportunities   of   study   which   I   made   for   myself   were   wasted�察  �because   I 

could not hand them on to some other Englishman�察�whose education and 

training   would have   enabled   him  to   make   a  better�察  �a  fuller use  of   them。 

Nor would it have been difficult for such a man to get the opportunities 

which   were   given   to   me   when�察  �by   sheer   persistence   in   enquiry�察  �I   had 

overcome the hostility which I at first encountered as the correspondent of 

a   ;bourgeois;   newspaper。       Such   a   man   could   be   in   Russia   now�察  �for   the 

Communists   do   not   regard   war   as   we   regard   it。     The   Germans   would 

hardly have allowed an Allied Commission to come to Berlin a year ago to 

investigate the nature and working of the Autocracy。                   The Russians�察 �on 

the    other   hand�察   �immediatelya      greed    to  the   suggestion     of   the  Berne 

Conference   that   they   should   admit   a   party   of   socialists�察  �the   majority   of 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



whom�察�as they well knew�察�had already expressed condemnation of them。 

Further�察�in agreeing to this�察�they added that they would as willingly admit 

a   committee      of   enquiry    sent   by   any   of   the   ;bourgeois;     governments 

actually at war with them。 

       I   am   sure   that   there   will   be   many   in   England   who   will   understand 

much   better   than   I   the   drudgery   of   the   revolution   which   is   in   this   book 

very imperfectly suggested。            I repeat that it is not my fault that they must 

make do with the eyes and ears of an ignorant observer。                    No doubt I have 

not    asked    the   questions      they   would     have    asked�察   �and    have    thought 

interesting and novel much which they would have taken for granted。 

       The book has no particular form�察�other than that given it by a more or 

less   accurate   adherence   to   chronology   in   setting   down   things   seen   and 

heard。     It is far too incomplete to allow me to call it a Journal。                I think I 

could have made it twice as long without repetitions�察�and I am not at all 

sure that in choosing in a hurry between this and that I did not omit much 

which   could   with   advantage   be   substituted   for   what   is   here   set   down。 

There   is   nothing   here   of   my   talk   with   the   English   soldier   prisoners   and 

nothing of my visit to the officers confined in the Butyrka Gaol。                    There is 

nothing      of  the   plagues    of   typhus    and    influenza�察   �or   of  the   desperate 

situation of a people thus visited and unable to procure from abroad the 

simplest      drugs    which    they    cannot    manufacture       at  home     or  even    the 

anaesthetics necessary for their wounded on every frontier of their country。 

I forgot to describe the ballet which I saw a few days before leaving。                         I 

have   said   nothing   of   the   talk   I   had   with   Eliava   concerning   the   Russian 

plans    for   the  future    of  Turkestan。      I  could    think   of   a  score   of  other 

omissions。       Judging from what I have read since my return from Russia�察�I 

imagine   people   will   find   my   book   very   poor   in   the   matter   of   Terrors。 

There is   nothing here of   the   Red Terror�察 �or   of any  of   the Terrors on the 

other side。      But for its poverty in atrocities my book will be blamed only 

by fanatics�察�since they alone desire proofs of past Terrors as justification 

for new ones。 

       On reading my manuscript through�察�I find it quite surprisingly dull。 

The     one   thing   that   I  should    have    liked   to  transmit    through     it  seems 

somehow to have slipped away。               I should have liked to explain what was 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



the appeal of the revolution to men like Colonel Robins and myself�察�both 

of   us   men   far   removed   in   origin   and   upbringing   from   the   revolutionary 

and socialist movements in our own countries。 Of course no one who was 

able�察�as we were able�察�to watch the men of the revolution at close quarters 

could believe for a moment that they were the mere paid agents of the very 

power which more than all others represented the stronghold they had set 

out to destroy。      We had the knowledge of the injustice being done to these 

men to urge us in their defence。 But there was more in it than that。                 There 

was the feeling�察�from which we could never escape�察�of the creative effort 

of   the   revolution。    There   was   the   thing   that   distinguishes   the   creative 

from  other   artists�察 �the   living�察  �vivifying   expression   of   something   hitherto 

hidden     in  the  consciousness      of   humanity。    If  this  book   were    to  be  an 

accurate record of my own impressions�察�all the drudgery�察�gossip�察�quarrels�察�

arguments�察�events and experiences it contains would have to be set against 

a   background   of   that   extraordinary   vitality   which   obstinately   persists   in 

Moscow   even   in   these   dark   days   of   discomfort�察  �disillusion�察  �pestilence�察�

starvation and unwanted war。 

     ARTHUR RANSOME。 


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                                       RUSSIA IN 1919 



                         TO PETROGRAD 



     On     January    30   a  party   of   four   newspaper      correspondents�察    �two 

Norwegians�察�a Swede and myself�察�left Stockholm to go into Russia。                     We 

travelled with the members of the Soviet Government's Legation�察�headed 

by Vorovsky and Litvinov�察�who were going home after the breaking off of 

official relations by Sweden。         Some months earlier I had got leave from 

the Bolsheviks to go into Russia to get further material for my history of 

the revolution�察�but at the last moment there was opposition and it seemed 

likely that I should be refused permission。            Fortunately�察�however�察�a copy 

of the Morning Post reached Stockholm�察�containing a report of a lecture 

by Mr。 Lockhart in which he had said that as I had been out of Russia for 

six months I had no right to speak of conditions there。 Armed with this I 

argued that it would be very unfair if I were not allowed to come and see 

things for myself。      I had no further difficulties。 

       We   crossed   by   boat   to Abo�察  �grinding   our   way  through   the   ice�察  �and 

then travelled by rail to the Russian frontier�察�taking several days over the 

journey   owing   to   delays   variously   explained   by   the   Finnish   authorities。 

We were told that the Russian White Guards had planned an attack on the 

train。 Litvinov�察�half´smiling�察�wondered if they were purposely giving time 

to   the   White   Guards   to   organize   such   an   attack。 Several   nervous   folk 

inclined   to   that   opinion。   But   at   Viborg   we   were   told   that   there   were 

grave disorders in Petrograd and that the Finns did not wish to fling us into 

the middle of a scrimmage。          Then someone obtained a newspaper and we 

read a detailed account of what was happening。                This account was�察�as I 

learnt on my return�察�duly telegraphed to England like much other news of 

a similar character。       There had been a serious revolt in Petrograd。             The 

Semenovsky regiment had gone over to the mutineers�察�who had seized the 

town。     The    Government�察     �however�察    �had   escaped    to  Kronstadt�察   �whence 

they were bombarding Petrograd with naval guns。 

       This sounded fairly lively�察�but there was nothing to be done�察�so we 

finished     up   the  chess   tournament      we   had   begun    on   the   boat。   An 

Esthonian      won   it�察 �and  I  was   second�察   �by   reason  of  a  lucky   win   over 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



Litvinov�察  �who   is   really   a   better   player。   By   Sunday   night   we   reached 

Terijoki and on Monday m

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