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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及2何蛍

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Terijoki and on Monday moved slowly to the frontier of Finland close to 

Bieloostrov。        A    squad     of  Finnish     soldiers    was    waiting�察    �excluding 

everybody   from   the   station   and   seeing   that   no   dangerous   revolutionary 

should break away on Finnish territory。               There were no horses�察�but three 

hand sledges were brought�察�and we piled the luggage on them�察�and then set 

off   to   walk   to   the  frontier   duly   convoyed      by   the   Finns。    A   Finnish 

lieutenant walked at the head of the procession�察�chatting good´humouredly 

in Swedish and German�察�much as a man might think it worth while to be 

kind   to   a   crowd   of   unfortunates   just   about   to   be   flung   into   a   boiling 

cauldron。 We walked a few hundred yards along the line and then turned 

into a road deep in snow through a little bare wood�察�and so down to the 

little wooden bridge over the narrow frozen stream that separates Finland 

from Russia。        The bridge�察�not twenty yards across�察�has a toll bar at each 

end�察�two sentry boxes and two sentries。              On the Russian side the bar was 

the familiar black and white of the old Russian Empire�察�with a sentry box 

to match。      The Finns seemingly had not   yet had time   to paint their bar 

and box。 

       The   Finns   lifted   their   toll   bar�察  �and   the   Finnish   officers   leading   our 

escort   walked   solemnly  to   the   middle   of   the   bridge。     Then   the   luggage 

was dumped there�察�while we stood watching the trembling of the rickety 

little bridge under the weight of our belongings�察�for we were all taking in 

with us as much food as we decently could。                We were none of us allowed 

on the bridge until an officer and a few men had come down to meet us on 

the Russian side。        Only little Nina�察�Vorovskv's daughter�察�about ten years 

old�察 �chattering   Swedish   with   the   Finns�察 �got   leave   from  them�察  �and   shyly�察�

step    by   step�察 �went    down     the  other   side   of  the   bridge   and   struck    up 

acquaintance   with   the   soldier   of   the   Red Army   who   stood   there�察 �gun   in 

hand�察  �and   obligingly   bent   to   show   her   the   sign�察  �set   in   his   hat�察  �of   the 

crossed sickle and hammer of the Peasants' and Workmen's Republic。                         At 

last the Finnish lieutenant took the list of his prisoners and called out the 

names      ;Vorovsky�察    �wife    and   one    bairn�察─  �looking     laughingly     over   his 

shoulder      at  Nina   flirting  with    the  sentry。   Then    ;Litvinov�察─   �and   so   on 

through      all  the   Russians�察    �about    thirty   of  them。     We      four   visitors�察�


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



Grimlund the Swede�察�Puntervald and Stang�察�the Norwegians�察�and I�察�came 

last。   At last�察�after a general shout of farewell�察�and ;Helse Finland; from 

Nina�察�the Finns turned and went back into their civilization�察�and we went 

forward      into  the   new   struggling    civilization    of   Russia。   Crossing      that 

bridge we passed from one philosophy to another�察�from one extreme of the 

class   struggle   to   the   other�察  �from   a   dictatorship   of   the   bourgeoisie   to   a 

dictatorship of the proletariat。 

       The   contrast   was   noticeable   at   once。     On   the   Finnish   side   of   the 

frontier we had seen the grandiose new frontier station�察�much larger than 

could possibly be needed�察�but quite a good expression of the spirit of the 

new Finland。        On the Russian side we came to the same grey old wooden 

station known to all passengers to and from Russia for polyglot profanity 

and     passport     difficulties。    There      were    no   porters�察   �which     was    not 

surprising   because   there   is   barbed   wire   and   an   extremely  hostile   sort   of 

neutrality along the frontier and traffic across has practically ceased。                   In 

the   buffet�察  �which   was   very   cold�察  �no   food   could   be   bought。     The   long 

tables once laden with caviare and other zakuski were bare。                     There was�察�

however�察�a samovar�察�and we bought tea at sixty kopecks a glass and lumps 

of sugar at two roubles fifty each。          We took our tea into the inner passport 

room�察�where I think a stove must have been burning the day before�察�and 

there made   some   sort of   a   meal off   some   of Puntervald's   Swedish   hard´ 

bread。     It is difficult to me to express the curious mixture of depression 

and exhilaration that was given to the party by this derelict starving station 

combined with the feeling that we were no longer under guard but could 

do more or less as we liked。           It split the party into two factions�察�of which 

one wept while the other sang。            Madame Vorovsky�察�who had not been in 

Russia since the first revolution�察�frankly wept�察�but she wept still more in 

Moscow where  she found   that even   as the  wife of   a high   official of  the 

Government   she   enjoyed   no   privileges   which   would   save   her   from   the 

hardships      of  the  population。      But    the  younger     members      of  the   party�察�

together   with   Litvinov�察  �found   their   spirits   irrepressibly  rising   in   spite   of 

having     no   dinner。     They     walked     about    the  village�察  �played     with   the 

children�察�and sang�察�not revolutionary songs�察�but just jolly songs�察�any songs 

that   came   into   their   heads。   When   at   last   the   train   came   to   take   us   into 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



Petrograd�察�and we found that the carriages were unheated�察�somebody got 

out a mandoline and we kept ourselves warm by dancing。                          At the same 

time I was sorry for the five children who were with us�察�knowing that a 

country   simultaneously   suffering   war�察  �blockade   and   revolution   is   not   a 

good place for childhood。 But they had caught the mood of their parents�察�

revolutionaries   going   home   to   their   revolution�察  �and   trotted   excitedly   up 

and down the carriage or anchored themselves momentarily�察�first on one 

person's knee and then on another's。 

       It   was   dusk   when   we   reached   Petrograd。        The   Finland   Station�察  �of 

course�察�was nearly deserted�察�but here there were four porters�察�who charged 

two hundred and fifty roubles for  shifting the luggage of the party  from 

one   end   of   the   platform   to   the   other。   We   ourselves   loaded   it   into   the 

motor lorry sent to meet us�察�as at Bieloostrov we had loaded it into the van。 

There was   a long   time to   wait   while  rooms   were being   allotted   to   us   in 

various   hotels�察  �and   with   several   others   I   walked   outside   the   station   to 

question people about the mutiny and the bombardment of which we had 

heard     in  Finland。     Nobody   knew        anything     about    it。  As    soon   as   the 

rooms were allotted and I knew that I had been lucky enough to get one in 

the Astoria�察�I drove off across the frozen river by the Liteini Bridge。                    The 

trams   were   running。 The town   seemed   absolutely  quiet�察  �and   away  down 

the river I saw once again in the dark�察�which is never quite dark because of 

the    snow�察   �the  dim    shape    of  the   fortress�察  �and   passed    one    by  one    the 

landmarks       I  had   come     to  know    so   well   during    the   last  six  years´the 

Summer Garden�察�the British Embassy�察�and the great Palace Square where I 

had   seen   armoured   cars   flaunting   about   during   the   July   rising�察  �soldiers 

camping   during   the   hysterical   days   of   the   Kornilov   affair   and�察  �earlier�察�

Kornilov himself reviewing the Junkers。                 My mind went further back to 

the    March      revolution�察    �and    saw    once    more     the   picket    fire   of   the 

revolutionaries   at   the   corner   that   night   when   the   remains   of   the   Tzar's 

Government         were    still  frantically   printing    proclamations       ordering     the 

people to go home�察�at the very moment while they themselves were being 

besieged in the Admiralty。            Then it flung itself further back still�察�to the 

day   of   the   declaration   of   war�察  �when   I   saw   this   same   square   filled   with 

people�察�while the Tzar came out for a moment on the Palace balcony。                         By 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



that time we were pulling up at the Astoria and I had to turn my mind to 

something else。 

       The Astoria is now a bare barrack of a place�察�but comparatively clean。 

During the war and the first part of the revolution it was tenanted chiefly 

by officers�察�and owing to the idiocy of a few of these at the time of the 

first   revolution   in   shooting   at   a   perfectly  friendly  crowd   of   soldiers   and 

sailors�察  �who   came   there   at   first   with   no   other   object   than   to   invite   the 

officers   to   join   them�察  �the   place   was   badly   smashed   up   in   the   resulting 

scrimmage。        I remember with Major Scale fixing up a paper announcing 

the   fall   of   Bagdad   either   the   night   this   happened   or   perhaps   the   night 

before。      People      rushed     up   to   it�察 �thinking    it  some     news     about    the 

revolution�察     �and    turned    impatiently     away。      All    the  damage      has    been 

repaired�察  �but   the   red   carpets   have   gone�察  �perhaps   to   make   banners�察  �and 

many   of   the   electric   lights   were   not   burning�察  �probably   because   of   the 

shortage in electricity。        I got my luggage upstairs to a very pleasant room 

on the fourth floor。 Every floor of that

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