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及30何蛍

russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及30何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




may seem to you to be untouched�察�but the microbe is already there。; 

       I   said   that   just  as   his   typhoid     was    abortive    typhoid�察    �so   the 

disturbances      in   England     to  which    he   alluded    might    well   be   abortive 

revolution�察    �and    come    to  nothing。    I  told  him    the  vague�察   �disconnected 

character   of   the   strikes   and   the   generally   liberal   as   opposed   to   socialist 

character of the movement�察           �so far as it was political at all�察�reminded me 

of what I had heard of 1905 in Russia and not at all of 1917�察�and that I was 

sure it would settle down。 

       Lenin。   ;Yes�察  �that   is   possible。   It   is�察  �perhaps�察  �an   educative   period�察  �in 

which the English workmen will come to realize their political needs�察�and 

turn from liberalism to Socialism。 Socialism is certainly weak in England。 

Your     socialist   movements�察      �your   socialist   parties   。  。  。  when   I  was   in 

England I zealously attended everything I could�察�and for a country with so 

large an industrial population they were pitiable�察�pitiable 。 。 。 a handful at a 

street   corner   。   。   。   a   meeting   in   a   drawing   room   。   。   。   a   school   class   。   。   。 

pitiable。 But you must remember one great difference between Russia of 

1905 and England of to´day。            Our first Soviet in Russia was made during 

the   revolution。     Your   shop´stewards   committees   have   been   in   existence 

long   before。      They   are   without   programme�察  �without   direction�察  �but   the 

opposition they will meet will force a programme upon them。; 

       Speaking of the expected visit of the Berne delegation�察�he asked me if 

I   knew     MacDonald�察       �whose     name    had    been    substituted     for  that   of 

Henderson in later telegrams announcing their coming。                     He ��said�此 �I am 

very     glad   MacDonald       is   coming     instead    of  Henderson。       Of    course 

MacDonald is not a Marxist   in any sense of the  word�察�but he is at   least 

interested     in  theory�察   �and   can   therefore    be   trusted    to  do   his  best   to 

understand what is happening here。 More than that we do not ask。; 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



       We   then   talked   a   little   on   a   subject   that   interests   me   very   much�察�

namely�察�the way in which insensibly�察�quite apart from war�察�the Communist 

theories are being modified in the difficult process of their translation into 

practice。     We talked of the changes in ;workers' control�察─�which is now a 

very  different   thing   from  the   wild   committee business   that   at   first   made 

work almost impossible。           We talked then of the antipathy of the peasants 

to compulsory communism�察�and how that idea also had been considerably 

whittled away。        I asked him what were going to be the relations between 

the    Communists       of   the  towns     and   the   property´loving      peasants�察   �and 

whether there was not great danger of antipathy between them�察�and said I 

regretted leaving too soon to see the elasticity of the Communist theories 

tested by the inevitable pressure of the peasantry。 

       Lenin said that in Russia there was a pretty sharp distinction between 

the   rich   peasants   and   the   poor。   ;The   only   opposition   we   have   here   in 

Russia is directly or indirectly due to the rich peasants。              The poor�察�as soon 

as they are liberated from the political domination of the rich�察�are on our 

side and are in an enormous majority。; 

       I said that would not be so in the Ukraine�察�where property among the 

peasants is much more equally distributed。 

       Lenin。  ;No。      And   there�察�in   the   Ukraine�察  �you   will   certainly  see   our 

policy modified。        Civil war�察�whatever happens�察�is likely to be more bitter 

in the Ukraine than elsewhere�察�because there the instinct of property has 

been further developed in the peasantry�察�and the minority and majority will 

be more equal。; 

       He asked me if I meant to return�察�saying that I could go down to Kiev 

to   watch   the   revolution   there   as   I   had   watched   it   in   Moscow。  I   said   I 

should   be   very   sorry   to   think   that   this   was   my   last   visit   to   the   country 

which   I   love   only   second   to   my   own。     He   laughed�察  �and   paid   me   the 

compliment        of   saying    that�察  �although     English�察─    �I  had   more     or  less 

succeeded   in   understanding   what   they   were   at�察  �and   that   he   should   be 

pleased to see me again。 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



                     THE JOURNEY OUT 



     March 15th。 

       There is nothing to record about the last few days of my visit�察�fully 

occupied as they were with the collection and packing of printed material 

and   preparations   for   departure。   I   left   with   the   two   Americans�察  �Messrs。 

Bullitt and Steffens�察�who had come to Moscow some days previously�察�and 

travelled up in the train with Bill Shatov�察�the Commandant of Petrograd�察�

who is not a Bolshevik but a fervent admirer of Prince Kropotkin�察�for the 

distribution of whose works in Russia he has probably done as much as 

any   man。     Shatov   was   an   emigr=82   in   New   York�察  �returned   to   Russia�察�

brought   law   and   order   into   the   chaos   of   the   Petrograd´Moscow   railway�察�

never   lost   a   chance   of   doing   a   good   turn   to   an American�察  �and   with   his 

level´headedness   and   practical   sense   became   one   of   the   hardest   worked 

servants   of the  Soviet�察  �although�察 �as he   said�察  �the  moment   people   stopped 

attacking   them   he   would   be   the   first   to   pull   down   the   Bolsheviks。 He 

went into the occupied provinces during the German evacuation of them�察�

to buy arms and ammunition from the German soldiers。                    Prices�察�he said�察�

ran low。     You could buy rifles for a mark each�察�field guns for 150 marks�察�

and     a  field   wireless    station    for   500。    He     had    then   been    made 

Commandant of Petrograd�察�although there had been some talk of setting 

him    to   reorganize    transport。   Asked     how    long   he   thought    the  Soviet 

Government could hold but�察�he replied�察 �We can afford to starve another 

year for the sake of the Revolution。; 


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