russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及30何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
may seem to you to be untouched�察�but the microbe is already there。;
I said that just as his typhoid was abortive typhoid�察 �so the
disturbances in England to which he alluded might well be abortive
revolution�察 �and come to nothing。 I told him the vague�察 �disconnected
character of the strikes and the generally liberal as opposed to socialist
character of the movement�察 �so far as it was political at all�察�reminded me
of what I had heard of 1905 in Russia and not at all of 1917�察�and that I was
sure it would settle down。
Lenin。 ;Yes�察 �that is possible。 It is�察 �perhaps�察 �an educative period�察 �in
which the English workmen will come to realize their political needs�察�and
turn from liberalism to Socialism。 Socialism is certainly weak in England。
Your socialist movements�察 �your socialist parties 。 。 。 when I was in
England I zealously attended everything I could�察�and for a country with so
large an industrial population they were pitiable�察�pitiable 。 。 。 a handful at a
street corner 。 。 。 a meeting in a drawing room 。 。 。 a school class 。 。 。
pitiable。 But you must remember one great difference between Russia of
1905 and England of to´day。 Our first Soviet in Russia was made during
the revolution。 Your shop´stewards committees have been in existence
long before。 They are without programme�察 �without direction�察 �but the
opposition they will meet will force a programme upon them。;
Speaking of the expected visit of the Berne delegation�察�he asked me if
I knew MacDonald�察 �whose name had been substituted for that of
Henderson in later telegrams announcing their coming。 He ��said�此 �I am
very glad MacDonald is coming instead of Henderson。 Of course
MacDonald is not a Marxist in any sense of the word�察�but he is at least
interested in theory�察 �and can therefore be trusted to do his best to
understand what is happening here。 More than that we do not ask。;
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RUSSIA IN 1919
We then talked a little on a subject that interests me very much�察�
namely�察�the way in which insensibly�察�quite apart from war�察�the Communist
theories are being modified in the difficult process of their translation into
practice。 We talked of the changes in ;workers' control�察─�which is now a
very different thing from the wild committee business that at first made
work almost impossible。 We talked then of the antipathy of the peasants
to compulsory communism�察�and how that idea also had been considerably
whittled away。 I asked him what were going to be the relations between
the Communists of the towns and the property´loving peasants�察 �and
whether there was not great danger of antipathy between them�察�and said I
regretted leaving too soon to see the elasticity of the Communist theories
tested by the inevitable pressure of the peasantry。
Lenin said that in Russia there was a pretty sharp distinction between
the rich peasants and the poor。 ;The only opposition we have here in
Russia is directly or indirectly due to the rich peasants。 The poor�察�as soon
as they are liberated from the political domination of the rich�察�are on our
side and are in an enormous majority。;
I said that would not be so in the Ukraine�察�where property among the
peasants is much more equally distributed。
Lenin。 ;No。 And there�察�in the Ukraine�察 �you will certainly see our
policy modified。 Civil war�察�whatever happens�察�is likely to be more bitter
in the Ukraine than elsewhere�察�because there the instinct of property has
been further developed in the peasantry�察�and the minority and majority will
be more equal。;
He asked me if I meant to return�察�saying that I could go down to Kiev
to watch the revolution there as I had watched it in Moscow。 I said I
should be very sorry to think that this was my last visit to the country
which I love only second to my own。 He laughed�察 �and paid me the
compliment of saying that�察 �although English�察─ �I had more or less
succeeded in understanding what they were at�察 �and that he should be
pleased to see me again。
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RUSSIA IN 1919
THE JOURNEY OUT
March 15th。
There is nothing to record about the last few days of my visit�察�fully
occupied as they were with the collection and packing of printed material
and preparations for departure。 I left with the two Americans�察 �Messrs。
Bullitt and Steffens�察�who had come to Moscow some days previously�察�and
travelled up in the train with Bill Shatov�察�the Commandant of Petrograd�察�
who is not a Bolshevik but a fervent admirer of Prince Kropotkin�察�for the
distribution of whose works in Russia he has probably done as much as
any man。 Shatov was an emigr=82 in New York�察 �returned to Russia�察�
brought law and order into the chaos of the Petrograd´Moscow railway�察�
never lost a chance of doing a good turn to an American�察 �and with his
level´headedness and practical sense became one of the hardest worked
servants of the Soviet�察 �although�察 �as he said�察 �the moment people stopped
attacking them he would be the first to pull down the Bolsheviks。 He
went into the occupied provinces during the German evacuation of them�察�
to buy arms and ammunition from the German soldiers。 Prices�察�he said�察�
ran low。 You could buy rifles for a mark each�察�field guns for 150 marks�察�
and a field wireless station for 500。 He had then been made
Commandant of Petrograd�察�although there had been some talk of setting
him to reorganize transport。 Asked how long he thought the Soviet
Government could hold but�察�he replied�察 �We can afford to starve another
year for the sake of the Revolution。;