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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及29何蛍

弌傍�� russia in 1919(1919議躯忽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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Finberg�察  �and   the   Americans   by   Reinstein�察  �neither   of   whom   had   or   was 

likely to have any means of communicating with his constituents。 

        March 4th。 

        In   the   Kremlin   they   were   discussing   the   programme   on   which   the 

new   International   was   to   stand。        This   is�察  �of   course�察  �dictatorship   of   the 

proletariat and all that that implies。            I heard�察�Lenin make a long speech�察�

the main point of which was to show that Kautsky and his supporters at 

Berne   were   now  condemning   the   very  tactics   which   they  had praised   in 

1906。      When   I   was   leaving   the       Kremlin   I   met   Sirola   walking   in      the 

square   outside   the   building   without   a   hat�察  �without   a   coat�察  �in   a   cold   so 

intense     that   I  was   putting    snow     on   my    nose    to  prevent    frostbite。     I 

exclaimed。        Sirola   smiled   his   ingenuous   smile。   ;It   is   March�察─  �he   said�察�

;Spring is coming。; 

        March 5th。 

        Today all secrecy was dropped�察�a little prematurely�察�I fancy�察�for when 

I   got   to   the   Kremlin   I   found   that   the   first   note   of   opposition   had   been 

struck by the man who least of all was expected to strike it。                    Albrecht�察�the 

young      German�察      �had    opposed      the   immediate       founding     of   the   Third 

International�察  �on   the   double   ground   that   not   all   nations   were   properly 

represented   and   that   it   might   make   difficulties   for   the   political   parties 


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concerned in their own countries。 Every one was against him。                    Rakovsky 

pointed   out   that   the   same   objections   could   have   been   raised   against   the 

founding   of   the   First   International   by   Marx   in   London。      The   German´ 

Austrian   combated   Albrecht's   second   point。   Other   people   said   that   the 

different parties concerned had long ago definitely broken with the Second 

International。 Albrecht was in a minority of one。              It was decided therefore 

that    this   conference      was    actually     the   Third    International。     Platten 

announced       the   decision�察  �and   the   ;International;     was   sung    in  a  dozen 

languages at once。         Then Albrecht stood up�察�a little red in the face�察�and 

said that he�察�of course�察�recognized the decision and would announce it in 

Germany。 



     March 6th。 

       The   conference   in   the   Kremlin   ended   with   the   usual   singing   and   a 

photograph。       Some time before the end�察�when Trotsky had just finished 

speaking and had left the tribune�察�there was a squeal of protest from the 

photographer   who   had   just   trained   his   apparatus。       Some   one   remarked 

;The     Dictatorship     of   the   Photographer�察─     �and�察  �amid    general    laughter�察�

Trotsky had to return to the tribune and stand silent while the unabashed 

photographer   took   two pictures。 The   founding   of the Third   International 

had been proclaimed in the morning papers�察�and an extraordinary meeting 

in the  Great Theatre  announced   for the evening。              I  got   to the theatre  at 

about five�察�and had difficulty in getting in�察�though I had a special ticket as 

a correspondent。        There were queues outside all the doors。             The Moscow 

Soviet was there�察�the Executive Committee�察�representatives of the Trades 

Unions      and   the  Factory    Committees�察      �etc。   The    huge    theatre   and   the 

platform   were   crammed�察  �people   standing   in   the   aisles   and   even   packed 

close together in the wings of the stage。           Kamenev opened the meeting by 

a solemn announcement of the founding of the Third International in the 

Kremlin。       There   was   a   roar   of   applause   from  the   audience�察  �which   rose 

and sang the ;International; in a way that I have never heard it sung since 

the All´Russian Assembly when the news came of the strikes in Germany 

during   the   Brest   negotiations。     Kamenev   then   spoke   of   those   who   had 

died on the way�察�mentioning Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg�察�and the 


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whole      theatre   stood    again   while    the   orchestra    played�察    �You    fell  as 

victims。; Then Lenin spoke。            If I had ever thought that Lenin was losing 

his personal popularity�察�I got my answer now。                It was a long time before 

he   could   speak   at   all�察  �everybody   standing   and   drowning   his   attempts   to 

speak     with    roar   after   roar   of   applause。      It   was    an   extraordinary�察�

overwhelming scene�察  �tier   after tier crammed   with   workmen�察  �the   parterre 

filled�察  �the   whole   platform   and   the   wings。   A  knot   of   workwomen   were 

close to me�察�and they almost fought to see him�察�and shouted as if each one 

were determined that he should hear her in particular。                He spoke as usual�察�

in the simplest way�察�emphasizing the fact that the revolutionary struggle 

everywhere was forced to use the Soviet forms。 ;We declare our solidarity 

with the aims of the Sovietists�察─�he read from an Italian paper�察�and added�察�

;and that was when they did not know what our aims were�察�and before we 

had   an   established   programme   ourselves。;   Albrecht   made   a   very   long 

reasoned      speech     for   Spartacus�察     �which     was    translated    by    Trotsky。 

Guilbeau�察  �seemingly   a   mere   child�察  �spoke   of   the   socialist   movement   in 

France。     Steklov was translating him when I left。               You must remember 

that I had had nearly two years of such meetings�察�and am not a Russian。 

When I got outside the theatre�察�I found at each door a disappointed crowd 

that had been unable to get in。 

       The    proceedings     finished    up  next   day   with   a  review    in  the   Red 

Square and a general holiday。 

       If the Berne delegates had come�察�as they were expected�察�they would 

have been told by  the   Communists that   they  were welcome   visitors�察 �but 

that   they   were    not   regarded    as  representing     the   International。     There 

would then have ensued a lively battle over each one of the delegates�察�the 

Mensheviks urging him to stick to Berne�察�and the Communists urging him 

to    express     allegiance     to  the    Kremlin。       There     would      have    been 

demonstrations        and   counter´demonstrations�察        �and   altogether    I  am   very 

sorry that it did not happen and that I was not there to see。 


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              LAST TALK WITH LENIN 



     I went to see Lenin the day after the Review in the Red Square�察�and 

the general holiday in honour of the Third International。                The first thing 

he said was�此 �I am afraid that the Jingoes in England and France will make 

use of yesterday's doings as an excuse for further action against us。               They 

will say     'How can we leave them in peace when they set about setting 

the   world   on   fire��'   To   that   I   would   answer�察  �'We   are   at   war�察  �Messieurs� �

And just as during your war you tried to make revolution in Germany�察�and 

Germany did make trouble in Ireland and India�察�so we�察�while we are at war 

with you�察�adopt the measures that are open to us。               We have told you we 

are willing to make peace。'; 

       He    spoke   of   Chicherin's   last   note�察  �and   said   they   based   all   their 

hopes on it。      Balfour had said somewhere�察 �Let the fire burn itself out。; 

That it would not do。        But the quickest way of restoring good conditions 

in   Russia   was�察  �of   course�察  �peace   and   agreement   with   the Allies。   ;I   am 

sure we could come to terms�察�if they want to come to terms at all。 England 

and America   would   be   willing�察  �perhaps�察  �if   their   hands   were   not   tied   by 

France。     But intervention in the large sense can now hardly be。 They must 

have learnt that Russia could never be governed as India is governed�察�and 

that sending troops here is the same thing as sending them to a Communist 

University。; 

       I  said  something     about    the  general    hostility  to  their  propaganda 

noticeable in foreign countries。 

       Lenin。    ;Tell    them   to  build   a  Chinese    wall   round    each   of  their 

countries。     They have their customs´officers�察�their   frontiers�察�their   coast´ 

guards。     They can expel any Bolsheviks they wish。              Revolution does not 

depend on propaganda。           If the conditions of revolution are not there no 

sort of propaganda will either hasten or impede it。              The war has brought 

about those conditions in all countries�察�and I am convinced that if Russia 

today were to be swallowed up by the sea�察�were to cease to exist altogether�察�

the revolution in the rest of Europe would go on。             Put Russia under water 

for twenty years�察�and you would not affect by a shilling or an hour a week 


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the demand�察�of the shop´stewards in England。; 

       I told him�察�what I have told most of them many times�察�that I did not 

believe there would be a revolution in England。 

       Lenin。 ;We have a saying that a man may have typhoid while still on 

his legs。 Twenty�察�maybe thirty years ago I had abortive typhoid�察�and was 

going about with it�察�had had it some days before it knocked me over。 Well�察�

England and France and Italy have caught the disease already。                      England 

may seem to you to be untouched�察�but the microbe is already the

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