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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
MEMOIR OF THE
PROPOSED
TERRITORY OF
ARIZONA。
BY SYLVESTER MOWRY�察�U。 S。 A。�察�DELEGATE
ELECT。
WASHINGTON�此�HENRY POLKINHORN�察�
PRINTER。 1857。
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
;The NEW TERRITORY of ARIZONA�察 �better known as the
GADSDEN PURCHASE�察 �lies between the thirty´first and thirty´third
parallels of latitude�察�and is bounded on the north by the Gila River�察�which
separates it from the territory of New Mexico�察 �on the east by the Rio
Bravo del Norte�察 。�Rio Grande���察 �which separates it from Texas�察 �on the
south by Chihuahua and Sonora�察�Mexican provinces�察�and on the west by
the Colorado River of the West�察�which separates it from Upper and Lower
California。 This great region is six hundred miles long by about fifty miles
wide�察�and embraces an area of about thirty thousand square miles。 It was
acquired by purchase from Mexico�察 �during the mission of General
Gadsden�察 �at a cost of ten millions of dollars。 In the original treaty�察 �as
negotiated by General Gadsden�察 �a more southern boundary than the one
adopted by the Senate of the United States in confirming the treaty�察�was
conceded by Santa Anna。 The line at present is irregular in its course�察�and
cuts off from our Territory the head of the Santa Cruz river and valley�察�the
Sonoita valley�察 �the San Bernardino valley�察 �the whole course of the
Colorado river from a point twenty miles below the mouth of the Gila
river�察�and�察�worse than all�察�the control of the head of the Gulf of California�察�
and the rich and extensive valley of Lake Guzman�察 �besides a large and
extremely valuable silver region�察 �well known both to Mexicans and
Americansthe planchas de la Platte。 General Gadsden's line included
nearly all the territory south of the Gila river to the thirty´first parallel of
latitudeall the advantages above mentionedgave us the mouth of the
Colorado river�察�and probably a port near the head of the gulf at Adair's Bay。
We have no accurate survey of the west coast of the Gulf of California�察�but
I am strongly of opinion that the original line conceded by Mexico would
have thrown a portion of the gulf into American hands�察�by cutting off an
arm of it extending east and north from the main body of water。 A port on
the gulf is of great and immediate necessity to our Pacific possessions。 Of
this hereafter。
The proposed boundaries�察 �of the Territory of Arizona�察 �are the 34th
parallel of latitude�察 �with New Mexico on the north�察 �from the 103d
meridian west to the Colorado�察�Texas on the east�察�Texas�察�and the Mexican
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
provinces of New Mexico and Sonora on the south�察�and California on the
west。 The new Territory would thus contain within its borders the three
largest rivers on the Continent�察�west of the Mississippi*´the Rio Grande�察�
Gila�察�and Colorado of the west�察�and embrace 90��000 square miles。
The Gadsden purchase is attached by act of Congress to the Territory
of New Mexico。 At the time of its acquisition there was scarcely any
population except a few scattering Mexicans in the Mesilla valley�察�and at
the old town of Tucson�察�in the centre of the territory。 The Apache Indian�察�
superior in strength to the Mexican�察�had gradually extirpated every trace of
civilization�察�and roamed uninterrupted and unmolested�察�sole possessor of
what was once a thriving and populous Spanish province。
Except the report of Col。 A。 B。 Gray�察�there is scarcely anything in print
with reference to the early history of Arizona�察 �beyond the scanty but
valuable notes of Major Emory and Hon。 John R。 Bartlett�察�in their reports�察�
and in the appendix to Wilson's late book�察 �Mexico and its Religion。; To
this last I beg to refer any reader who desires accurate information
respecting the Northern Mexican provinces�察�presented in a straightforward
common´sense style。
In the possession of the writer of these notes is a map drawn in 1757�察�
just one hundred years ago�察�presented by the Society of Jesuits to the King
of Spain。 The original of this map is now in the archives of the Mexican
Government。 It was copied�察�with the notes relating to the Territory�察�and to
Sonora�察�Chihuahua�察�and Sinaloa�察�by Capt。 C。 P。 Stone�察�late of the United
States Army。 The map bears the inscription�察 �Carte levee par la Societe des
Jesuites�察�dediee au Roi d'Espagne en 1757。;
The copy of the map and the accompanying notes are certified as
accurate by the officer of the Mexican Government in charge of the
archives。
My information�察�therefore�察�upon the early history of this comparatively
unknown domain�察 �is accurate and reliable。 As early as 1687�察 �a Jesuit
missionary from the province of Sonora�察 �which�察 �in its southern portion�察�
bore already the impress of Spanish civilization�察�descended the valley of
Santa Cruz river to the Gila。 Passing down the Gila to its mouth�察 �after
exploring the country�察�he retraced his steps�察�penetrated the country north
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
of the Gila river for some distance�察�and ascended the Salinas or Salt river�察�
and other northern branches of the Gila。 The explorations of this energetic
priest did not stop here。 Proceeding east�察�he explored the valley of the San
Pedro and its branches�察 �thence along the Gila to the Mimbres�察 �and
probably to the Rio Grande and the Mesilla valley。 Filled with the
enthusiasm of his sect�察�he procured authority from the head of the order in
Mexico�察�and established missions and settlements at every available point。
In a report to the government of the viceroy of Spain�察 �made during the
early settlement of the province�察 �I find the following language�此 �A
scientific exploration of Sonora�察�with reference to mineralogy�察�along with
the introduction of families�察�will lead to a discovery of gold and silver so
marvellous that the result will be such as has never yet been seen in the
world。;
The reports of the immense mineral wealth of the new country�察�made
by the Jesuits�察�induced a rapid settlement。 There are laid down on the map
before me more than forty towns and villages。 Many of these were of
considerable size。 There were a few north of the Gila�察�and several on the
lower Gila�察 �near the Colorado。 The Santa Cruz and its tributary valleys
teemed with an agricultural and mining population。 Thousands of
enterprising Spaniards cultivated the rich valley of the San Pedro�察 �and
scattered settlements flourished at every suitable stream and spring at the
foot of the mountains towards the Rio Grande。 The notes before me say�此�
;All these settlements and missions were founded in fertile valleys�察�and by
streams and springs�察�which produced luxuriant crops of wheat�察�corn�察�and
beans�察�and in many parts grapes and other foreign fruits were cultivated。;
In the western part of the Territory were the missions of St。 Pierre�察�St。
Paul�察 �St。 Matthias�察 �St。 Simond�察 �St。 Francisco�察 �Merci�察 �the ranches of Eau
Cheri�察�Eau de la Lune�察�and others�察�on the Santa Cruz the missions of San
Xavier del Bac�察 �Santiago�察 �San Cayetano�察 �and San Philipe�察 �the towns of
Tueson�察�Tubac�察�Reges�察�San Augusta�察�and many others。 San Xavier del Bac
is still in existence。 It is a mission church of great size and beauty�察�
magnificently ornamented within�察 �forty thousand dollars in solid silver
served to adorn the altar。 Upon the San Pedro river were the missions of St。
Mark�察 �San Salvadore�察 �San Pantaleon�察 �Santa Cruz�察 �and the towns of
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Quiduria�察�Rosario�察�Eugenia�察�Victoria�察�and San Fernandothe latter at the
mouthwith many more。 To the east some small settlements were found
on the Valle del Sauz�察�on the Mimbres�察�at the copper mines north of the
Mimbres�察 �and to the south the immense grazing and stock´raising
establishment of San Bernardino�察�where since have been raised hundreds
of thousands of cattle and horses。 The Indians in the vicinity of the
missions were reduced first to obedience by the Jesuits�察 �and then to
slavery by the Spaniards。
The notes referred to above contain the names and localities of more
than a hundred silver and gold mines which were worked with great
success by the Spaniards。 The survey of the Jesuit priest about 1687 was
repeated in 1710 with renewed discoveries�察�and consequent accession of
population。 From this time up to 1757 the conquest and settlement of the
country was prosecuted with vigor�察 �both by the Je