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the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及1何蛍


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          MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



         MEMOIR OF THE 

                 PROPOSED 

          TERRITORY OF 

                   ARIZONA。 



BY SYLVESTER MOWRY�察�U。 S。 A。�察�DELEGATE 

                              ELECT。 

     WASHINGTON�此�HENRY POLKINHORN�察�

                        PRINTER。 1857。 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



     ;The      NEW      TERRITORY           of   ARIZONA�察         �better   known       as   the 

GADSDEN           PURCHASE�察         �lies  between      the  thirty´first   and   thirty´third 

parallels of latitude�察�and is bounded on the north by the Gila River�察�which 

separates   it   from   the   territory   of   New   Mexico�察  �on   the   east   by   the   Rio 

Bravo   del   Norte�察  。�Rio   Grande���察  �which   separates   it   from   Texas�察  �on   the 

south by Chihuahua and Sonora�察�Mexican provinces�察�and on the west by 

the Colorado River of the West�察�which separates it from Upper and Lower 

California。 This great region is six hundred miles long by about fifty miles 

wide�察�and embraces an area of about thirty thousand square miles。 It was 

acquired      by   purchase      from    Mexico�察    �during     the   mission     of  General 

Gadsden�察  �at   a   cost   of   ten   millions   of   dollars。   In   the   original   treaty�察  �as 

negotiated by  General   Gadsden�察 �a   more   southern boundary  than the   one 

adopted by the Senate of the United States in confirming the treaty�察�was 

conceded by Santa Anna。 The line at present is irregular in its course�察�and 

cuts off from our Territory the head of the Santa Cruz river and valley�察�the 

Sonoita      valley�察  �the   San    Bernardino      valley�察  �the   whole     course    of   the 

Colorado   river   from   a   point   twenty   miles   below   the   mouth   of   the   Gila 

river�察�and�察�worse than all�察�the control of the head of the Gulf of California�察�

and   the   rich   and   extensive   valley   of   Lake   Guzman�察  �besides   a   large   and 

extremely       valuable    silver   region�察   �well   known      both   to   Mexicans      and 

Americansthe   planchas   de   la   Platte。   General   Gadsden's   line   included 

nearly all the territory south of the Gila river to the thirty´first parallel of 

latitudeall   the   advantages   above   mentionedgave   us   the   mouth   of   the 

Colorado river�察�and probably a port near the head of the gulf at Adair's Bay。 

We have no accurate survey of the west coast of the Gulf of California�察�but 

I am strongly of opinion that the original line conceded by Mexico would 

have thrown a portion of the gulf into American hands�察�by cutting off an 

arm of it extending east and north from the main body of water。 A port on 

the gulf is of great and immediate necessity to our Pacific possessions。 Of 

this hereafter。 

     The   proposed   boundaries�察  �of   the   Territory   of   Arizona�察  �are   the   34th 

parallel    of   latitude�察  �with    New    Mexico      on   the   north�察  �from    the   103d 

meridian west to the Colorado�察�Texas on the east�察�Texas�察�and the Mexican 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



provinces of New Mexico and Sonora on the south�察�and California on the 

west。  The   new  Territory   would   thus   contain   within   its   borders   the   three 

largest rivers on the Continent�察�west of the Mississippi*´the Rio Grande�察�

Gila�察�and Colorado of the west�察�and embrace 90��000 square miles。 

     The Gadsden purchase is attached by act of Congress to the Territory 

of   New   Mexico。   At   the   time   of   its   acquisition   there   was   scarcely   any 

population except a few scattering Mexicans in the Mesilla valley�察�and at 

the old town of Tucson�察�in the centre of the territory。 The Apache Indian�察�

superior in strength to the Mexican�察�had gradually extirpated every trace of 

civilization�察�and roamed uninterrupted and unmolested�察�sole possessor of 

what was once a thriving and populous Spanish province。 

     Except the report of Col。 A。 B。 Gray�察�there is scarcely anything in print 

with   reference   to    the   early   history   of   Arizona�察  �beyond   the   scanty   but 

valuable notes of Major Emory and Hon。 John R。 Bartlett�察�in their reports�察�

and in the appendix to Wilson's late book�察 �Mexico and its Religion。; To 

this   last  I  beg   to   refer  any   reader    who    desires   accurate    information 

respecting the Northern Mexican provinces�察�presented in a straightforward 

common´sense style。 

     In the possession of the writer of these notes is a map drawn in 1757�察�

just one hundred years ago�察�presented by the Society of Jesuits to the King 

of Spain。 The original of this map is now in the archives of the Mexican 

Government。 It was copied�察�with the notes relating to the Territory�察�and to 

Sonora�察�Chihuahua�察�and Sinaloa�察�by Capt。 C。 P。 Stone�察�late of the United 

States Army。 The map bears the inscription�察 �Carte levee par la Societe des 

Jesuites�察�dediee au Roi d'Espagne en 1757。; 

     The   copy   of   the   map   and   the   accompanying   notes   are   certified   as 

accurate     by   the  officer   of  the   Mexican     Government       in  charge    of  the 

archives。 

     My information�察�therefore�察�upon the early history of this comparatively 

unknown   domain�察  �is   accurate   and   reliable。   As   early   as   1687�察  �a   Jesuit 

missionary   from   the   province   of   Sonora�察  �which�察  �in   its   southern   portion�察�

bore already the impress of Spanish civilization�察�descended the valley of 

Santa   Cruz   river   to   the   Gila。   Passing   down   the   Gila   to   its   mouth�察  �after 

exploring the country�察�he retraced his steps�察�penetrated the country north 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



of the Gila river for some distance�察�and ascended the Salinas or Salt river�察�

and other northern branches of the Gila。 The explorations of this energetic 

priest did not stop here。 Proceeding east�察�he explored the valley of the San 

Pedro     and   its  branches�察    �thence    along    the  Gila   to   the  Mimbres�察     �and 

probably      to  the   Rio   Grande     and   the   Mesilla    valley。   Filled   with    the 

enthusiasm of his sect�察�he procured authority from the head of the order in 

Mexico�察�and established missions and settlements at every available point。 

In   a   report   to   the   government   of   the   viceroy   of   Spain�察  �made   during   the 

early    settlement     of  the   province�察    �I  find   the  following     language�此     �A 

scientific exploration of Sonora�察�with reference to mineralogy�察�along with 

the introduction of families�察�will lead to a discovery of gold and silver so 

marvellous that the result will be such as has never yet been seen in the 

world。; 

     The reports of the immense mineral wealth of the new country�察�made 

by the Jesuits�察�induced a rapid settlement。 There are laid down on the map 

before   me   more   than   forty   towns   and   villages。   Many   of   these   were   of 

considerable size。 There were a few north of the Gila�察�and several on the 

lower   Gila�察  �near   the   Colorado。   The   Santa   Cruz   and   its   tributary   valleys 

teemed      with    an   agricultural     and    mining     population。     Thousands       of 

enterprising   Spaniards   cultivated   the   rich   valley   of   the   San   Pedro�察  �and 

scattered settlements flourished at every suitable stream and spring at the 

foot of the mountains towards the Rio Grande。 The notes before me say�此�

;All these settlements and missions were founded in fertile valleys�察�and by 

streams and springs�察�which produced luxuriant crops of wheat�察�corn�察�and 

beans�察�and in many parts grapes and other foreign fruits were cultivated。; 

     In the western part of the Territory were the missions of St。 Pierre�察�St。 

Paul�察 �St。   Matthias�察 �St。   Simond�察 �St。   Francisco�察 �Merci�察  �the   ranches   of   Eau 

Cheri�察�Eau de la Lune�察�and others�察�on the Santa Cruz the missions of San 

Xavier   del   Bac�察  �Santiago�察  �San   Cayetano�察  �and   San   Philipe�察  �the   towns   of 

Tueson�察�Tubac�察�Reges�察�San Augusta�察�and many others。 San Xavier del Bac 

is   still  in  existence。   It  is  a  mission    church    of  great   size   and   beauty�察�

magnificently   ornamented   within�察  �forty   thousand   dollars   in   solid   silver 

served to adorn the altar。 Upon the San Pedro river were the missions of St。 

Mark�察    �San    Salvadore�察    �San   Pantaleon�察    �Santa    Cruz�察   �and   the   towns    of 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Quiduria�察�Rosario�察�Eugenia�察�Victoria�察�and San Fernandothe latter at the 

mouthwith many more。 To the east some small settlements were found 

on the Valle del Sauz�察�on the Mimbres�察�at the copper mines north of the 

Mimbres�察      �and    to  the   south    the   immense      grazing    and    stock´raising 

establishment of San Bernardino�察�where since have been raised hundreds 

of   thousands     of  cattle   and   horses。   The   Indians    in  the   vicinity   of  the 

missions     were    reduced     first  to  obedience    by   the  Jesuits�察  �and   then   to 

slavery by the Spaniards。 

     The notes referred to above contain the names and localities of more 

than   a   hundred   silver    and   gold   mines   which     were   worked     with   great 

success by the Spaniards。 The survey of the Jesuit priest about 1687 was 

repeated in 1710 with renewed discoveries�察�and consequent accession of 

population。 From this time up to 1757 the conquest and settlement of the 

country     was    prosecuted     with   vigor�察  �both   by   the   Je

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