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the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及2何蛍


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country     was    prosecuted     with   vigor�察  �both   by   the   Jesuits'  Society    and 

Spanish government。 

     The     missions    and    settlements     were    repeatedly     destroyed     by   the 

Apaches�察  �and   the   priests   and   settlers   massacred   or   driven   off。 As   often 

were they re´established。 The Indians at length�察�thoroughly aroused by the 

cruelties   of   the   Spaniards�察 �by  whom  they  were   deprived   of   their   liberty�察�

forced to labor in the silver mines with inadequate food�察�and barbarously 

treated�察�finally rose�察�joined with tribes who had never been subdued�察�and 

gradually drove out or massacred their oppressors。 A superior civilization 

disappeared before their devastating career�察�and to day there is scarcely a 

trace   of   it   left�察  �except   scarcely   visible   ruins�察  �evidence   everywhere�察  �of 

extensive and hastily´deserted mining operations�察�and the tradition of the 

country。 The mission of San Xavier del Bac�察�and the old towns of Tueson 

and   Tubac�察  �are   the   most   prominent   of   these   remains。   The   labors   of   the 

Jesuits to civilize the Indians are still evident in the mission Indians�察�the 

Papagos and Pimas�察�who live in villages�察�cultivate crops of corn and wheat�察�

and who�察�in the Christian and human elements of good faith and charity�察�

are�察�to say the least�察�in no way inferior to the Mexicans。 After the massacre 

of   four of   Crabbe's unfortunate party  near   Sonoita   by  the   Mexicans�察 �the 

Papago Indians buried carefully the bodies to which Mexican inhumanity 

had   denied   this   last   charitable   office。   It   is   a   curious   and   suggestive   fact 



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that    the  latitude    of  places    upon    Gila�察  �Santa    Cruz�察   �and   San    Pedro�察�

determined   by   the   Jesuits   about   1750�察  �has   lately   been   verified   by   the 

observations   of   Park   Michler�察  �and   Emory。   The   instruments   used   by   the 

Jesuits were constructed by them�察�the lenses being made from pebbles。 

     From  1757   down to   1820�察  �the   Spaniards   and  Mexicans   continued   to 

work many valuable mines near Barbacora�察�and the notes in my possession 

speak of many silver mines�察�most of which contained a percentage of gold。 

;The     San    Pedro    gold   mine    in  1748    was    worked     with   extraordinary 

success。;     Among       the  mines     anciently    worked�察    �as  laid   down     in  the 

authorities   heretofore   referred   to�察  �were   the   Dolores�察  �San   Antonio�察  �Casa 

Gordo�察�Cabrisa�察�San Juan Batista�察�Santa Anna�察。�which was worked to the 

depth     of   one   hundred      and   twenty     yards�撮�   Rosario�察    �Cata   de   Agua�察�

Guadaloupe�察  �Connilla�察  �Prieta�察  �Santa   Catarina�察  �Guzopa�察  �Huratano�察  �Arpa�察�

Descuhidara�察�Nacosare�察�Arguage�察�Churinababi�察�Huacal�察�Pinal�察�and a great 

number of others which it would only be tedious to mention。 

     The   most     celebrated   modern   localities   are   Arivaca�察  。�also      anciently 

famous as Aribac�撮� Sopori�察�the Arizona mountains�察�the Santa Rita range�察�

the Cerro Colorado�察�the entire vicinity of Tubac�察�the Del Ajo�察�or Arizona 

copper mine�察�the Gadsonia copper mine�察�and the Gila river copper mines。 

These last are situated directly upon the Gila�察�only twenty´five miles from 

its mouth。 The writer assures the public that there is no room for doubt as 

to   the   authenticity   of   these   statements�察  �or   the   immense   resources   of   the 

new  Territory   in   silver�察  �copper�察  �and   probably   gold。 As   late   as   1820�察  �the 

Mina Cobre de la Plata�察。�silver copper mines�撮� near Fort Webster�察�north of 

the Gila�察�were worked to great advantage�察�and so rich was the ore that it 

paid for transportation on muleback more than a thousand miles to the city 

of Mexico。 

     Every     exploration     within    the   past   few    years   has   confirmed      the 

statements of the ancient records。 The testimony of living Mexicans�察�and 

the tradition of the country�察�all tend to the same end。 Col。 A。 B。 Gray�察�Col。 

Emory�察�Lt。 Michler�察�Lt。 Parke�察�the Hon。 John R。 Bartlett�察�late of the United 

States Boundary Commission�察�all agree in the statement that the Territory 

has immense resources in silver and copper。 Col。 Emory says in his report�此�

     ;On account of the Gold Mania in California I kept the search for gold 



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and    other    precious    metals    as  much     out   of  view    as   possible�察  �scarcely 

allowing it to be a matter of conversation�察�much less of actual search。 Yet�察�

enough was ascertained to convince us that the whole region was teeming 

with    the   precious    metals。    We    everywhere       saw   the   remains    of   mining 

operations�察     �conducted       by   the   Spaniards�察     �and    more    recently     by   the 

Mexicans。; 

     The   report   enumerates   at   considerable   length   the   various   localities 

examined by Col。 Emory's party�察�and others�察�of which there could be no 

doubt。 

     In view of these authorities�察�it is hoped that those who will not believe 

upon   any   evidence�察  �will   be   content   in   their   own   incredulity。   The   most 

authentic reports of   these   immense   mineral resources have   been used   as 

authorities against their existence。 The authors of these denials either have 

never read what they pretend to quote�察�or think no one else has。 The Hon。 

T。  Butler   King�察  �who   was   the   first to   reveal   to   an   incredulous   public   the 

wonders of the California gold mines�察�has had the singular good fortune to 

be    also   among     the   first  to  publish    correct    and   authentic     information 

relating to the silver treasures of Arizona。 His report upon the resources of 

the new Territory has all the charm to the reader that his California report 

had�察  �and   its   brilliant   predictions   will   be   as   fully   realized。   To   Gray   and 

Emory   is   the   country   most   indebted   for   the   earliest   and   most   important 

discoveries。 

     The agricultural resources of Arizona�察�are sufficient to sustain a large 

mining population�察�and afford abundant supplies for the great immigration 

which   will   follow   the   development   of   its   mineral   resources。   The   whole 

valley of the Gila�察�more than four hundred miles in length�察�can be made 

with proper exertion to yield plentiful crops。 The Pimos Indians�察�who live 

in   villages   on   the   Gila�察  �one   hundred   and   seventy   miles   from   its   mouth�察�

raise large crops of cotton�察�wheat�察�and corn�察�and have for years supplied 

the    thousands      of   emigrants     who     traverse    the   Territory     en   route   to 

California。   These   Indians   manufacture   their   cotton   into   blankets   of   fine 

texture   and   beautiful   pattern�察  �which   command   a   high   price。   They   also 

grind their corn and wheat�察�and make bread。 In fact�察�the Pimos realize in 

their   everyday  life   something   of   our   ideas   of Aztec   civilization。 A  town 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



will probably grow up just above the Pimos villages�察�as there is a rich back 

country�察�and the streams afford a valuable water power for running mills。 

     The   valley   of   the   Santa   Cruz   traverses   the   territory   from   South   to 

North�察�sinking near the town of Tueson�察�and probably finding its way to 

the Gila�察�as a subterranean stream。 This valley�察�of the richest land�察�is about 

one hundred miles long�察�in many places of great width�察�and has on each 

side of it many rich valleys of limited extent�察�watered by streams from the 

mountains�察�which flow into the Santa Cruz。 The valleys and Ranches of 

Arivaca�察�Sopori�察�Calabazas�察�and Tueson�察�are those at present most thickly 

settled。 These   produce   all   the   fruits   known   to   a   Southern   climegrapes�察�

wheat�察  �corn�察  �and   cotton   in   great   abundance。   The   San   Pedro   river   and 

valley   is   also   one   of   great   richness�察  �and   is   reported   by   Lieut。   Parke   as 

capable   of   sustaining   a   large  population。 The Valle  de   Sauz�察  �still   farther 

East�察   �more     limited    than   the   San   Pedro     or  Santa    Cruz�察   �can   be   made 

available for a considerable population。 The Mimbres River also can�察�by a 

small   outlay�察  �be   made   to   irrigate   a   large   surface   and   supply   a   moderate 

settlement。   The   various   springs   laid   down   by   Gray�察  �Emory�察  �Parke�察  �and 

Bartlett�察�will all afford water for small settlements�察�and their supply can be 

much increased by a judicious outlay of money。 The Rio Grande valley is 

very rich�察�and in places of great width。 The Mesilla valley already contains 

a   population   of   about   five   thousand   souls�察  �and   there   is   ample   room   for 

many more。 

     If�察�as proposed�察�the Northern boundary of the Arizona Territory should 

enclose the Northern branches of the Gila�察�an agricultural region will be 

opened   to   settlement   sufficient   in   itself   to   sustain   the   population   of   an 

immense agricultural State。 Col。 Bonneville�察�who is now at the head of a 

large force exploring this region�察�writes to the Secretary of War that it is 

the    finest   country    he   has   ever   seen�察   �valleys     capable    of   sustaining    a 

population of twenty thousand each�察�teeming at every step with evidences 

of    an    immense       population      long    ago´and      an   ancient     and    superior 

civilization。; The Hon。 John R。 Bartlett says of the ;Salinas��

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