伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順) >

及6何蛍

the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及6何蛍


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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��



more the appearance of a barren waste or desert than any district I have 

seen。 It nevertheless   has   occasional   oases�察 �with   fine   grazing   lands   about 

them�察  �and   the   mountains�察     �which   are   more     broken    and   detached�察   �have 

distinct marks of volcanic origin。 The ranges though short�察�have generally 

the  same   parallel   direction   as   those   further   east。   It   is   the   country  of   the 

Papago Indians�察�a peaceful and friendly tribe�察�extending down to the Gulf 

coast�察   �where    they    are  mixed     up   somewhat      with   the   Cocopas     of   the 

Colorado。 From Sonoita I explored to the Gulf shore�察�near the mouth of 

Adair Bay。 It was 62 miles�察�following a dry arroya most of the way�察�and 

the point at which I struck the Gulf was in latitude 31 degrees 36 minutes 

34 minutes。 The ;Bay; is about 15 miles across�察�and from all I could learn�察�

15   miles   long�察  �and   represented   as   having   four   fathoms   of   water。   It   is 

completely encircled by a range of sand hills�察�reaching north´west to the 

Colorado   river   and   south´east   as   far   as   the   eye   could   discover。   These 

;sables; are probably eighty or ninety miles in extent�察�by five to ten broad。 

     ;Notwithstanding         it  appears   to   be  the   most    desolate    and   forlorn´ 

looking spot for eighty miles around the head of the Gulf�察�the sand hills 

looking like a terrible desert�察�nature seems even here�察�where no rain had 

fallen for eight months�察�to have provided for the sustenance of man�察�one of 

the most nutritious and palatable vegetables。 

     ;East of the Tinaja Alta or high tank range�察�lie the famous Sierras del 

Ajo�察�now United States territory。 These mountains derive their name from 

the vast deposits of red oxide and green carbonate of copper found about 

them�察�and which the Indians have made use of to paint ��ajo�� themselves 

with。   The   mines   are   unquestionably   of   great   value�察  �and   must   become 

important�察�more particularly from their being situated in the neighborhood 

of    the  contemplated       railway。    The    tall  Cereus    Giganteus      and   Agave 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Americana are found in abundance。 From the latter plant the natives make 

the pulque�察�mezcal and agua´diente�察�and the petahaya or cereus�察�produces 

a   fruit   from   which   is   made   a   very   pleasant   preserve。   At   the   Pimo   and 

Maricopa       villages   are  found    wheat�察   �corn�察  �tobaco�察   �and   cotton�察  �besides 

melons�察�pumpkins�察�beans�察�etc。 The nature of the soil for great distances in 

the   Gila   valley  is   of   a   reddish loam�察  �some   parts   coated   with   a   beautiful 

crystallization   of   salt�察  �a   quarter   to   half   an   inch   thick。   This   seems   to   be 

more particularly the case below the Maricopa villages and toward the Rio 

Salado。 The cotton�察�of which I procured specimens�察�though cultivated by 

the Indians in the most primitive manner�察�exhibited a texture not unlike the 

celebrated Sea Island cotton。 Its fibre is exceedingly soft and silky�察�but not 

of the longest staple。 Large tracts of land on the Gila and in other portions 

of this district�察�appear to possess the same properties of soil�察�and where�察�I 

have     no  doubt�察   �the  finest   cotton   will   soon   be   extensively     raised   and 

brought to its highest state of perfection by proper cultivation。; 

     The climate is thus referred to by Gray�此�

     ;One of the most favorable features upon the route in the vicinity of 

the 32nd degree proposed for the Pacific railway is�察�its accessibility at all 

times�察�admitting of labor being performed in the open air at each season。 

The   nature   of   the   climate   through   Texas   to   the   Rio   Grande   has   already 

been referred to�察�and from thence to the Santa Cruz valley half way to the 

Colorado�察  �over   the   elevated   plateau   of   the   Sierra   Madra�察  �it   is   equally 

salubrious   and   temperate。 The  rainy  season   falls   in   the  summer   months�察�

and but seldom is snow seen even upon the mountain tops。 Towards the 

Colorado river it is much drier and more torrid�察�but by no means unhealthy�察�

nor does it prevent out door work the whole of the day during the heated 

term of summer。 

     ;The   great   riches   of   the   country�察  �however�察  �are   a   total   waste   at   the 

present time�察�but which the Pacific railroad will at once develop�察�and make 

to itself the foundation of a vast revenue。 I refer to its metallic wealth�察�the 

silver�察�gold�察�and copper mines that abound in almost every mountain and 

valley�察�between the Rio Grande and the Gulf of California。 

     ;The ores of Chihuahua and Sonora ��now Arizona。 S。 M。�А�are chiefly 

sulphuret      ��lead   or  iron���察  �or  native    silver   in  porphyritic     or  stratified 



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limestone rocks passing at greater depths into igneous rocks。 From loose 

piles    lying    upon    the   surface    and    evidently    picked     over�察  �I  procured 

specimens of silvier and copper。 Three samples representing points on the 

line   of   our   exploration   about   equi´distant   from   each   other�察  �viz。�此  �the   Rio 

Grande�察�the neighborhood of Tubac�察�and within 90 miles of the junction of 

the Gila and Colorado rivers�察�were submitted to Dr。 I。 K。 Chilton�察�of New 

York�察  �for   analysis。   He   found   in   one   sample   of   lead   ore   ��argentiferous 

galena���察  �by   fire   assay   71   per   cent。   of   lead�察  �and   the   ;LEAD   YIELDED 

SILVER        EQUIVALENT           to   128   ounces�察    �1  dwt。   to  the   ton;   ��of    2000 

pounds��。 

     ;In another�察 �he   found   the lead   obtained   from  it   to   yield   silver in the 

proportion of 72 ounces 5 dwts。 to the ton or 2000 pounds。 

     ;The copper specimen was the red oxide�察�and yielded as follows�此�

          Copper�察�。。。。。。。。。。。       71。80                         Iron�察�。。。。。。。。。。。。。。      7。84 

Oxygen�察�。。。。。。。。。。。。12。34                                  Silicia�察        �Alumina�察�。。。8。02 

                                    100 parts。 

     ;The   Papagos   and   Pimas   Indians�察  �by   proper   management�察  �might   be 

made very useful�察�in working upon the road where there is not much rock 

excavation。 They are unlike the Indians of Texas�察�or the Apaches�察�living in 

villages and cultivating the soil�察�besides manufacturing blankets�察�baskets�察�

pottery�察  �etc。   Quiet   and   peaceable�察  �they   have   no   fears   except   from   their 

enemies�察  �the Apaches�察  �and   are   very   industrious�察  �much   more   so   than   the 

lower order of Mexicans�察�and live far more comfortably。 It is astonishing 

with what precision they construct their acequiasirrigating canalssome 

of   them�察  �the   acequias   madre�察  �of   very   large   size�察  �and   without   the   use   of 

levelling apparatus�察�but simply by the eye。 Their gardens and farms too are 

regularly ditched and fenced off into rectangles and circles�察�with   hedges 

and trees planted as if done by more enlightened people。; 

     The   population   of   the   new  Territory   of Arizona   is   at   present   not   far 

from eight thousand�察�and is rapidly increasing。 The Mesilla Valley and the 

Rio Grande are probably the most thickly populated�察�containing about five 

thousand people。 A majority of the Mesilla inhabitants are Mexicans�察�but 

they   will   be   controlled   by   the   American   residents�察  �whose   number   and 

influence is constantly on   the increase。 The Santa   Cruz Valley�察�in   which 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



are   situated    the   towns   of   Tueson�察  �Tubac�察  �Tumacacari�察  �and   the   mining 

settlement of Sopori and others�察�is�察�next to Mesilla�察�the most thickly settled。 

Tueson      was    formerly    a  town     of  three   thousand     inhabitants�察   �but   the 

majority have been driven off by the Apache Indians。 It is fast becoming a 

thriving     American      town�察   �and   will   before    long    be  a   place   of   more 

importance than ever before。 Real estate is already held at high rates�察�and 

the erection of buildings shows that American energy is about to change 

the face of the last half century。 Tubac had been completely deserted by 

the Mexicans。 It has been reoccupied by the Sonora Exploring and Mining 

Company�察�and now boasts a population of several hundred。 The Calabazas 

valley is also fast filling up with an American population�察�and another year 

will see the whole centre of the Territory dotted with settlements。 Many of 

the   fine   claims   on   the   San   Pedro   River   have   already   been   located   by 

emigrants      under    the   general    pre´emption      law�察 �but   until   protection    is 

afforded   to   the   settlers�察  �but   little   progress   will   be   made   in   agricultural 

pursuits。    The    Apache     Indian   regards    the  soil  as   his  own�察   �and   having 

expelled   the   Spanish   and   Mexican   invader�察  �he   feels   little   inclination   to 

submit to the American。 A small settlement of Americans is growing up at 

Colorado       city�察 �opposite    Fort   Yuma�察    �at  the  junction    of   the   Gila   and 

Colorado rivers。 This point is destined to be one of great commercial and 

pecuniary   importance。   Situated   at   the   present   head   of   navigation�察  �at   the 

point where the overland mail route crosses the Colorado�察�and where the 

Southern      Pacific    Railroad    must    bridge    the   stream�察   �it  is  a  necessary 

stopping place   for   all   travel   across the   country。  Here   are   trans

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

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