the zincali-及53何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
House Ker Quer Dar
Husband Rom Ron Zooje
Lightning Molnija Maluno Brak
Love ��to�� Camaba Camelar Yehib
Man Manusch Manu Rajil
Milk Tud Chuti Helib
Mountain Bar Bur Djibil
Mouth Mui Mui Fum
Name Nao Nao Ism
Night Rat Rachi Lila
Nose Nakh Naqui Munghar
Old Puro Puro Shaive
Red Lal Lalo Hamr
Salt Lon Lon Mela
Sing Gjuwawa Gilyabar Iganni
Sun Cam Can Schems
Thief Tschor Choro Haram
Thou Tu Tucue Antsin
Tongue Tschib Chipe Lsan
Tooth Dant Dani Sinn
Tree Karscht Caste Schizara
Water Pani Pani Ma
Wind Barbar Barban Ruhk
We shall offer no further observations respecting the affinity of
the Spanish Gitano to the other dialects�察�as we conceive we have
already afforded sufficient proof of its original identity with
them�察�and consequently shaken to the ground the absurd opinion that
the Gitanos of Spain are the descendants of the Arabs and Moriscos。
We shall now conclude with a few remarks on the present state of
the Gitano language in Spain�察�where�察�perhaps�察�within the course of
a few years�察�it will have perished�察�without leaving a vestige of
its having once existed�察�and where�察�perhaps�察�the singular people
who speak it are likewise doomed to disappear�察�becoming sooner or
later engulfed and absorbed in the great body of the nation�察�
amongst whom they have so long existed a separate and peculiar
class。
Though the words or a part of the words of the original tongue
still remain�察�preserved by memory amongst the Gitanos�察�its
grammatical peculiarities have disappeared�察�the entire language
having been modified and subjected to the rules of Spanish grammar�察�
with which it now coincides in syntax�察�in the conjugation of verbs�察�
and in the declension of its nouns。 Were it possible or necessary
to collect all the relics of this speech�察�they would probably
amount to four or five thousand words�察�but to effect such an
achievement�察�it would be necessary to hold close and long
intercourse with almost every Gitano in Spain�察�and to extract�察�by
various means�察�the peculiar information which he might be capable
of affording�察�for it is necessary to state here�察�that though such
an amount of words may still exist amongst the Gitanos in general�察�
no single individual of their sect is in possession of one´third
part thereof�察�nor indeed�察�we may add�察�those of any single city or
province of Spain�察�nevertheless all are in possession�察�more or
less�察�of the language�察�so that�察�though of different provinces�察�they
are enabled to understand each other tolerably well�察�when
discoursing in this their characteristic speech。 Those who travel
most are of course best versed in it�察�as�察�independent of the words
of their own village or town�察�they acquire others by intermingling
with their race in various places。 Perhaps there is no part of
Spain where it is spoken better than in Madrid�察�which is easily
accounted for by the fact�察�that Madrid�察�as the capital�察�has always
been the point of union of the Gitanos�察�from all those provinces of
Spain where they are to be found。 It is least of all preserved in
Seville�察�notwithstanding that its Gitano population is very
considerable�察�consisting�察�however�察�almost entirely of natives of
the place。 As may well be supposed�察�it is in all places best
preserved amongst the old people�察�their children being
comparatively ignorant of it�察�as perhaps they themselves are in
comparison with their own parents。 We are persuaded that the
Gitano language of Spain is nearly at its last stage of existence�察�
which persuasion has been our main instigator to the present
attempt to collect its scanty remains�察�and by the assistance of the
press�察�rescue it in some degree from destruction。 It will not be
amiss to state here�察�that it is only by listening attentively to
the speech of the Gitanos�察�whilst discoursing amongst themselves�察�
that an acquaintance with their dialect can be formed�察�and by
seizing upon all unknown words as they fall in succession from
their lips。 Nothing can be more useless and hopeless than the
attempt to obtain possession of their vocabulary by inquiring of
them how particular objects and ideas are styled�察�for with the
exception of the names of the most common things�察�they are totally
incapable�察�as a Spanish writer has observed�察�of yielding the
required information�察�owing to their great ignorance�察�the shortness
of their memories�察�or rather the state of bewilderment to which
their minds are brought by any question which tends to bring their
reasoning faculties into action�察�though not unfrequently the very
words which have been in vain required of them will�察�a minute
subsequently�察�proceed inadvertently from their mouths。
We now take leave of their language。 When wishing to praise the
proficiency of any individual in their tongue�察�they are in the
habit of saying�察�'He understands the seven jargons。' In the Gospel
which we have printed in this language�察�and in the dictionary which
we have compiled�察�we have endeavoured�察�to the utmost of our
ability�察�to deserve that compliment�察�and at all times it will
afford us sincere and heartfelt pleasure to be informed that any
Gitano�察�capable of appreciating the said little works�察�has
observed�察�whilst reading them or hearing them read�此 �It is clear
that the writer of these books understood
THE SEVEN JARGONS。
ON ROBBER LANGUAGE�察�OR�察�AS IT IS CALLED IN SPAIN�察�GERMANIA
'So I went with them to a music booth�察�where they made me almost
drunk with gin�察�and began to talk their FLASH LANGUAGE�察�which I did
not understand。' ´ Narrative of the Exploits of Henry Simms�察�
executed at Tyburn�察�1746。
'Hablaronse los dos en Germania�察�de lo qual resulto darme un
abraco�察�y ofrecerseme。' ´ QUEVEDO。 Vida dal gran Tacano。
HAVING in the preceding article endeavoured to afford all necessary
information concerning the Rommany�察�or language used by the Gypsies
amongst themselves�察�we now propose to turn our attention to a
subject of no less interest�察�but which has hitherto never been
treated in a manner calculated to lead to any satisfactory result
or conclusion�察�on the contrary�察�though philosophic minds have been
engaged in its consideration�察�and learned pens have not disdained
to occupy themselves with its details�察�it still remains a singular
proof of the errors into which the most acute and laborious writers
are apt to fall�察�when they take upon themselves the task of writing
on matters which cannot be studied in the closet�察�and on which no
information can be received by mixing in the society of the wise�察�
the lettered�察�and the respectable�察�but which must be investigated
in the fields�察�and on the borders of the highways�察�in prisons�察�and
amongst the dregs of society。 Had the latter system been pursued
in the matter now before us�察�much clearer�察�more rational�察�and more
just ideas would long since have been entertained respecting the
Germania�察�or language of thieves。
In most countries of Europe there exists�察�amongst those who obtain
their existence by the breach of the law�察�and by preying upon the
fruits of the labours of the quiet and orderly portion of society�察�
a particular jargon or dialect�察�in which the former discuss their
schemes and plans of plunder�察�without being in general understood
by those to whom they are obnoxious。 The name of this jargon
varies with the country in which it is spoken。 In Spain it is
called 'Germania'�察�in France�察�'Argot'�察�in Germany�察�'Rothwelsch��' or
Red Italian�察�in Italy�察�'Gergo'�察�whilst in England it is known by
many names�察�for example�察�'cant�察�slang�察�thieves' Latin��' etc。 The
most remarkable circumstance connected with the history of this
jargon is�察�that in all the countries in which it is spoken�察�it has
invariably�察�by the authors who have treated of it�察�and who are
numerous�察�been confounded with the Gypsy language�察�and asserted to
be the speech of those wanderers who have so long infested Europe
under the name of Gitanos�察�etc。 How far this belief is founded in
justice we shall now endeavour to show�察�with the premise that
whatever we advance is derived�察�not from the assertions or opinions
of others�察�but from our own observation�察�the point in question
being one which no person is capable of solving�察�save him who has
mixed with Gitanos and thieves�察 � not with the former merely or the
latter�察�but with both。
We have already stated what is the Rommany or language of the
Gypsies。 We have proved that when properly spoken it is to all
intents and purposes entitled to the appellation of a language�察�and
that wherever it exists it is virtually the same�察�that its origin
is illustrious�察�it being a daughter of the Sanscrit�察�and in
consequence in close connection with some of the most celebrated
languages of the East�察�although it at present is only used by the
most unfortunate and degraded of beings�察�wanderers without home and
almost without country�察�as wherever they are found they are
considered in the light of foreigners and interlopers。 We shall
now state what the language of thieves is�察�as it is generally
spoken in Europe�察�after which we shal