kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(謎霧)-及26何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
��4�А �A present made to friends or to the household on returning from a
journey is thus called。 Ordinarily�察 �of course�察 �the miyage consists of
something produced in the locality to which the journey has been made�此�
this is the point of Kwairyo's jest。 ��6�� Present´day Nagano Prefecture。
A DEAD SECRET ��1�� On the present´day map�察 �Tamba corresponds
roughly to the central area of Kyoto Prefecture and part of Hyogo
Prefecture。 ��1�А�The Hour of the Rat ��Ne´no´Koku���察 �according to the old
Japanese method of reckoning time�察�was the first hour。 It corresponded to
the time between our midnight and two o'clock in the morning�察 �for the
ancient Japanese hours were each equal to two modern hours。 ��2�А�Kaimyo�察�
the posthumous Buddhist name�察 �or religious name�察 �given to the dead。
Strictly speaking�察 �the meaning of the work is sila´name。 ��See my paper
entitled�察 �The Literature of the Dead; in Exotics and Retrospectives。��
YUKI´ONNA ��1�� An ancient province whose boundaries took in most
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of present´day Tokyo�察�and parts of Saitama and Kanagawa prefectures。 ��1�А�
That is to say�察�with a floor´surface of about six feet square。 ��2�А�This name�察�
signifying ;Snow�察─�is not uncommon。 On the subject of Japanese female
names�察�see my paper in the volume entitled Shadowings。 ��2�� Also spelled
Edo�察�the former name of Tokyo。
THE STORY OF AOYAGI ��1�� An ancient province corresponding to
the northern part of present´day Ishikawa Prefecture。 ��2�� An ancient
province corresponding to the eastern part of present´day Fukui Prefecture。
��1�А�The name signifies ;Green Willow�察─ �though rarely met with�察 �it is
still in use。 ��2�А�The poem may be read in two ways�察�several of the phrases
having a double meaning。 But the art of its construction would need
considerable space to explain�察 �and could scarcely interest the Western
reader。 The meaning which Tomotada desired to convey might be thus
expressed�此 �While journeying to visit my mother�察 �I met with a being
lovely as a flower�察�and for the sake of that lovely person�察�I am passing the
day here。。。 Fair one�察 �wherefore that dawn´like blush before the hour of
dawn�拭 �can it mean that you love me�拭─。�3�А�Another reading is possible�察�
but this one gives the signification of the answer intended。 ��4�А �So the
Japanese story´teller would have us believe�察 �although the verses seem
commonplace in translation。 I have tried to give only their general
meaning�此�an effective literal translation would require some scholarship。
JIU´ROKU´ZAKURA ��1�� Present´day Ehime Prefecture。
THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKE ��1�� Present´day Nara Prefecture。 ��1�А�
This name ;Tokoyo; is indefinite。 According to circumstances it may
signify any unknown country�察�or that undiscovered country from whose
bourn no traveler returns�察 �or that Fairyland of far´eastern fable�察 �the
Realm of Horai。 The term ;Kokuo; means the ruler of a country�察�
therefore a king。 The original phrase�察 �Tokoyo no Kokuo�察 �might be
rendered here as ;the Ruler of Horai�察─�or ;the King of Fairyland。; ��2�А�The
last phrase�察�according to old custom�察�had to be uttered by both attendants
at the same time。 All these ceremonial observances can still be studied on
the Japanese stage。 ��3�А�This was the name given to the estrade�察 �or dais�察�
upon which a feudal prince or ruler sat in state。 The term literally signifies
;great seat。;
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RIKI´BAKA ��1�� Kana�此 �the Japanese phonetic alphabet。 ��2�� ;So´and´
so;�此�appellation used by Hearn in place of the real name。 ��3�� A section of
Tokyo。 ��1�А�A square piece of cotton´goods�察�or other woven material�察�used
as a wrapper in which to carry small packages。 ��4�� Ten yen is nothing now�察�
but was a formidable sum then。
INSECT STUDIES BUTTERFLIES ��1�� Haiku。 ��1�А �The modest
nymph beheld her God�察�and blushed。; ��Or�察�in a more familiar rendering�此�
;The modest water saw its God�察 �and blushed。;�� In this line the double
value of the word nympha used by classical poets both in the meaning
of fountain and in that of the divinity of a fountain�察�or spring reminds
one of that graceful playing with words which Japanese poets practice。 ��2�А�
More usually written nugi´kakeru�察 �which means either ;to take off and
hang up�察─�or ;to begin to take off�察─ �as in the above poem。 More loosely�察�
but more effectively�察 �the verses might thus be rendered�此 �Like a woman
slipping off her haori that is the appearance of a butterfly。; One must
have seen the Japanese garment described�察�to appreciate the comparison。
The haori is a silk upper´dress�察�a kind of sleeved cloak�察�worn by both
sexes�察�but the poem suggests a woman's haori�察�which is usually of richer
color or material。 The sleeves are wide�察 �and the lining is usually of
brightly´colored silk�察�often beautifully variegated。 In taking off the haori�察�
the brilliant lining is displayed�察 �and at such an instant the fluttering
splendor might well be likened to the appearance of a butterfly in motion。
��3�А �The bird´catcher's pole is smeared with bird´lime�察 �and the verses
suggest that the insect is preventing the man from using his pole�察 �by
persistently getting in the way of it�察�as the birds might take warning from
seeing the butterfly limed。 Jama suru means ;to hinder; or ;prevent。; ��4�А�
Even while it is resting�察�the wings of the butterfly may be seen to quiver at
moments�察�as if the creature were dreaming of flight。 ��5�А�A little poem by
Basho�察 �greatest of all Japanese composers of hokku。 The verses are
intended to suggest the joyous feeling of spring´time。 ��6�А �Literally�察 �a
windless day�察─ �but two negatives in Japanese poetry do not necessarily
imply an affirmative�察�as in English。 The meaning is�察�that although there is
no wind�察 �the fluttering motion of the butterflies suggests�察 �to the eyes at
least�察�that a strong breeze is playing。 ��7�А�Alluding to the Buddhist proverb�此�
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Rakkwa eda ni kaerazu�察 �ha´kyo futatabi terasazu �─�The fallen flower
returns not to the branch�察�the broken mirror never again reflects。;�� So says
the proverb yet it seemed to me that I saw a fallen flower return to the
branch。。。 No�此 �it was only a butterfly。 ��8�А�Alluding probably to the light
fluttering motion of falling cherry´petals。 ��9�А�That is to say�察�the grace of
their motion makes one think of the grace of young girls�察 �daintily
costumed�察 �in robes with long fluttering sleeves。。。 And old Japanese
proverb declares that even a devil is pretty at eighteen�此�Oni mo jiu´hachi
azami no hana�此 �Even a devil at eighteen�察�flower´of´the´thistle。; ��10�А �Or
perhaps the verses might be more effectively rendered thus�此 �Happy
together�察�do you say�拭�Yes if we should be reborn as field´butterflies in
some future life�此�then we might accord� ─�This poem was composed by the
celebrated poet Issa�察�on the occasion of divorcing his wife。 ��11�А�Or�察�Tare
no tama�拭 。�Digitizer's note�此 �Hearn's note calls attention to an alternative
reading of the ideogram for ;spirit; or ;soul。;�А。�12�А�Literally�察 �Butterfly´
pursing heart I wish to have always��' i。e。�察�I would that I might always be
able to find pleasure in simple things�察 �like a happy child。 ��13�А �An old
popular error�察�probably imported from China。 ��14�А�A name suggested by
the resemblance of the larva's artificial covering to the mino�察 �or straw´
raincoat�察�worn by Japanese peasants。 I am not sure whether the dictionary
rendering�察 �basket´worm�察─ �is quite correct�察 �but the larva commonly
called minomushi does really construct for itself something much like the
covering of the basket´worm。 ��2�� A very large�察 �white radish。 ;Daikon;
literally means ;big root。; ��15�А�Pyrus spectabilis。 ��16�А�An evil spirit。 ��3�� A
common female name。
MOSQUITOES ��1�� Meiji�此�The period in which Hearn wrote this book。
It lasted from 1868 to 1912�察�and was a time when Japan plunged head´first
into Western´style modernization。 By the ;fashions and the changes and
the disintegrations of Meiji; Hearn is lamenting that this process of
modernization was destroying some of the good things in traditional
Japanese culture。
ANTS ��1�� Cicadas。 ��1�А�An interesting fact in this connection is that the
Japanese word for ant�察�ari�察�is represented by an ideograph formed of the
character for ;insect; combined with the character signifying ;moral
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rectitude�察─ �propriety; ��giri��。 So