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kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(謎霧)-及26何蛍

弌傍�� kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(謎霧) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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 ��4�А �A  present   made   to   friends   or   to   the   household   on   returning   from   a 

journey     is  thus    called。   Ordinarily�察   �of   course�察   �the  miyage     consists    of 

something produced in the locality to which the journey has been made�此�

this is the point of Kwairyo's jest。 ��6�� Present´day Nagano Prefecture。 

     A  DEAD   SECRET  ��1��   On   the   present´day   map�察  �Tamba   corresponds 

roughly      to  the   central   area    of  Kyoto     Prefecture     and   part   of   Hyogo 

Prefecture。  ��1�А�The   Hour   of   the  Rat   ��Ne´no´Koku���察  �according   to   the   old 

Japanese method of reckoning time�察�was the first hour。 It corresponded to 

the   time   between   our   midnight   and   two   o'clock   in   the   morning�察  �for   the 

ancient Japanese hours were each equal to two modern hours。 ��2�А�Kaimyo�察�

the   posthumous   Buddhist   name�察  �or   religious   name�察  �given   to   the   dead。 

Strictly   speaking�察  �the   meaning   of   the   work   is   sila´name。   ��See   my   paper 

entitled�察 �The Literature of the Dead; in Exotics and Retrospectives。�� 

     YUKI´ONNA ��1�� An ancient province whose boundaries took in most 



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of present´day Tokyo�察�and parts of Saitama and Kanagawa prefectures。 ��1�А�

That is to say�察�with a floor´surface of about six feet square。 ��2�А�This name�察�

signifying ;Snow�察─�is not uncommon。 On the subject of Japanese female 

names�察�see my paper in the volume entitled Shadowings。 ��2�� Also spelled 

Edo�察�the former name of Tokyo。 

     THE STORY OF AOYAGI ��1�� An ancient province corresponding to 

the    northern    part   of  present´day     Ishikawa     Prefecture。     ��2��  An    ancient 

province corresponding to the eastern part of present´day Fukui Prefecture。 

��1�А�The   name   signifies   ;Green Willow�察─     �though   rarely   met   with�察  �it   is 

still in use。 ��2�А�The poem may be read in two ways�察�several of the phrases 

having   a    double    meaning。   But     the   art  of   its  construction   would     need 

considerable   space   to   explain�察  �and   could   scarcely   interest   the   Western 

reader。   The   meaning   which   Tomotada   desired   to   convey   might   be   thus 

expressed�此   �While   journeying   to   visit   my   mother�察  �I   met   with   a   being 

lovely as a flower�察�and for the sake of that lovely person�察�I am passing the 

day   here。。。   Fair   one�察  �wherefore   that   dawn´like   blush   before   the   hour   of 

dawn�拭 �can it mean that you love me�拭─。�3�А�Another reading is possible�察�

but   this   one   gives   the   signification   of   the   answer   intended。   ��4�А  �So   the 

Japanese   story´teller   would   have   us   believe�察  �although   the   verses   seem 

commonplace          in  translation。    I  have   tried   to  give    only   their   general 

meaning�此�an effective literal translation would require some scholarship。 

     JIU´ROKU´ZAKURA ��1�� Present´day Ehime Prefecture。 

     THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKE ��1�� Present´day Nara Prefecture。 ��1�А�

This   name   ;Tokoyo;   is   indefinite。       According   to   circumstances   it      may 

signify any unknown country�察�or that undiscovered country from whose 

bourn     no   traveler   returns�察  �or  that   Fairyland    of  far´eastern    fable�察  �the 

Realm      of  Horai。    The    term   ;Kokuo;      means     the  ruler   of  a   country�察�

therefore     a   king。   The    original   phrase�察   �Tokoyo     no   Kokuo�察     �might    be 

rendered here as ;the Ruler of Horai�察─�or ;the King of Fairyland。; ��2�А�The 

last phrase�察�according to old custom�察�had to be uttered by both attendants 

at the same time。 All these ceremonial observances can still be studied on 

the   Japanese   stage。   ��3�А�This   was   the   name   given   to   the   estrade�察  �or   dais�察�

upon which a feudal prince or ruler sat in state。 The term literally signifies 

;great seat。; 



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     RIKI´BAKA  ��1��   Kana�此  �the   Japanese   phonetic   alphabet。   ��2��   ;So´and´ 

so;�此�appellation used by Hearn in place of the real name。 ��3�� A section of 

Tokyo。 ��1�А�A square piece of cotton´goods�察�or other woven material�察�used 

as a wrapper in which to carry small packages。 ��4�� Ten yen is nothing now�察�

but was a formidable sum then。 

       INSECT       STUDIES        BUTTERFLIES            ��1��   Haiku。    ��1�А  �The     modest 

nymph beheld her God�察�and blushed。; ��Or�察�in a more familiar rendering�此�

;The   modest   water   saw   its   God�察  �and   blushed。;��   In   this   line   the   double 

value of the word nympha  used by classical poets both in the meaning 

of fountain and in that of the divinity of a fountain�察�or spring  reminds 

one of that graceful playing with words which Japanese poets practice。 ��2�А�

More   usually   written   nugi´kakeru�察  �which   means   either   ;to   take   off   and 

hang up�察─�or ;to begin to take off�察─ �as in the above poem。 More loosely�察�

but more   effectively�察 �the   verses   might thus   be   rendered�此   �Like   a   woman 

slipping off her haori  that is the appearance of a butterfly。; One  must 

have seen the Japanese garment described�察�to appreciate the comparison。 

The haori is a silk upper´dress�察�a kind of sleeved cloak�察�worn by both 

sexes�察�but the poem suggests a woman's haori�察�which is usually of richer 

color    or   material。    The   sleeves    are   wide�察  �and    the  lining    is  usually   of 

brightly´colored silk�察�often beautifully variegated。 In taking off the haori�察�

the   brilliant   lining   is   displayed�察  �and   at   such   an   instant   the   fluttering 

splendor might well be likened to the appearance of a butterfly in motion。 

��3�А   �The   bird´catcher's     pole   is  smeared     with    bird´lime�察   �and   the   verses 

suggest   that   the   insect   is   preventing   the   man   from   using   his   pole�察  �by 

persistently getting in the way of it�察�as the birds might take warning from 

seeing the butterfly limed。 Jama suru means ;to hinder; or ;prevent。; ��4�А�

Even while it is resting�察�the wings of the butterfly may be seen to quiver at 

moments�察�as if the creature were dreaming of flight。 ��5�А�A little poem by 

Basho�察     �greatest   of   all  Japanese     composers      of   hokku。    The    verses    are 

intended   to   suggest   the   joyous   feeling   of   spring´time。   ��6�А  �Literally�察   �a 

windless   day�察─  �but   two   negatives   in   Japanese   poetry   do   not   necessarily 

imply an affirmative�察�as in English。 The meaning is�察�that although there is 

no   wind�察  �the   fluttering   motion   of   the   butterflies   suggests�察  �to   the   eyes   at 

least�察�that a strong breeze is playing。 ��7�А�Alluding to the Buddhist proverb�此�



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Rakkwa       eda   ni  kaerazu�察   �ha´kyo     futatabi   terasazu    �─�The    fallen   flower 

returns not to the branch�察�the broken mirror never again reflects。;�� So says 

the proverb  yet it seemed to me that I saw a fallen flower return to the 

branch。。。   No�此  �it   was   only   a   butterfly。   ��8�А�Alluding   probably   to   the   light 

fluttering motion of falling cherry´petals。 ��9�А�That is to say�察�the grace of 

their    motion    makes     one    think   of  the   grace    of  young     girls�察 �daintily 

costumed�察      �in  robes    with   long    fluttering   sleeves。。。    And    old   Japanese 

proverb declares that even a devil is pretty at eighteen�此�Oni mo jiu´hachi 

azami no hana�此 �Even a devil at eighteen�察�flower´of´the´thistle。; ��10�А �Or 

perhaps     the   verses    might    be  more     effectively    rendered    thus�此   �Happy 

together�察�do you say�拭�Yes  if we should be reborn as field´butterflies in 

some future life�此�then we might accord� ─�This poem was composed by the 

celebrated poet Issa�察�on the occasion of divorcing his wife。 ��11�А�Or�察�Tare 

no   tama�拭  。�Digitizer's   note�此  �Hearn's   note   calls   attention   to   an   alternative 

reading of the ideogram for ;spirit; or ;soul。;�А。�12�А�Literally�察 �Butterfly´ 

pursing heart I wish to have always��'  i。e。�察�I would that I might always be 

able   to   find   pleasure   in   simple   things�察  �like   a   happy   child。   ��13�А  �An   old 

popular error�察�probably imported from China。 ��14�А�A name suggested by 

the   resemblance   of   the   larva's   artificial   covering   to   the   mino�察  �or   straw´ 

raincoat�察�worn by Japanese peasants。 I am not sure whether the dictionary 

rendering�察      �basket´worm�察─      �is  quite   correct�察  �but   the  larva   commonly 

called minomushi does really construct for itself something much like the 

covering   of   the   basket´worm。   ��2��   A   very   large�察  �white   radish。   ;Daikon; 

literally means ;big root。; ��15�А�Pyrus spectabilis。 ��16�А�An evil spirit。 ��3�� A 

common female name。 

     MOSQUITOES ��1�� Meiji�此�The period in which Hearn wrote this book。 

It lasted from 1868 to 1912�察�and was a time when Japan plunged head´first 

into Western´style   modernization。   By  the   ;fashions   and   the   changes   and 

the    disintegrations     of  Meiji;    Hearn    is  lamenting     that   this  process    of 

modernization        was   destroying     some     of  the  good    things    in  traditional 

Japanese culture。 

     ANTS ��1�� Cicadas。 ��1�А�An interesting fact in this connection is that the 

Japanese word for ant�察�ari�察�is represented by an ideograph formed of the 

character     for   ;insect;   combined       with   the   character    signifying    ;moral 



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rectitude�察─   �propriety;  ��giri��。  So 

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