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及18何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及18何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




     ��2�А�This was�察�no doubt�察�what was called the danta´kashtha�察�or ;dental 

wood�察─�mostly a bit of the /ficus Indicus/ or banyan tree�察�which the monk 

chews every  morning   to   cleanse his   teeth�察�and   for   the purpose   of   health 

generally。 The Chinese�察�not having the banyan�察�have used�察�or at least Fa´ 

hien used�察�Yang �┌�。���察�the general name for the willow�� instead of it。 

     ��3�А�Are two classes of opponents�察�or only one�察�intended here�察�so that 

we    should    read   ;all  the  unbelievers    and   Brahmans�察─     �or  ;heretics   and 

Brahmans�拭─       �I  think   the   Brahmans      were    also  ;the   unbelievers;     and 

;heretics�察─  �having   ��。��   ��。���察  �views   and   ways   outside   of�察  �and   opposed   to�察�

Buddha's。 



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                              CHAPTER XX 



     KOSALA         AND      SRAVASTI。         THE     JETAVANA         VIHARA        AND 

OTHER   MEMORIALS   AND   LEGENDS   OF   BUDDHA。   SYMPATHY 

OF THE MONKS WITH THE PILGRIMS。 

     Going   on   from   this   to   the   south�察  �for   eight   yojanas�察  。�the   travellers�� 

came to the city of Sravasti��1�А�in the kingdom of Kosala�撮�2�А�in which the 

inhabitants   were   few   and   far   between�察  �amounting   in   all   ��only��   to   a   few 

more than two hundred families�察�the city where king Prasenajit��3�А�ruled�察�

and the place of the old vihara of Maha´prajapti�撮�4�А�of the well and walls 

of    ��the   house     of��   the   ��Vaisya��     head    Sudatta�撮�5�А    �and    where     the 

Angulimalya��6�А�became an Arhat�察�and his body was ��afterwards�� burned 

on     his   attaining    to  pari´nirvana。      At   all  these    places    topes    were 

subsequently erected�察  �which   are   still   existing   in   the   city。 The   Brahmans�察�

with their contrary doctrine�察�became full of hatred and envy in their hearts�察�

and wished to destroy them�察�but there came from the heavens such a storm 

of crashing thunder and flashing lightning that they were not able in the 

end to effect their purpose。 

     As you go out from the city by the south gate�察�and 1��200 paces from it�察�

the ��Vaisya��   head   Sudatta   built   a   vihara�察�facing the   south�察  �and   when   the 

door was open�察�on each side of it there was a stone pillar�察�with the figure 

of a wheel on the top of that on the left�察�and the figure of an ox on the top 

of that on the right。 On the left and right of the building the ponds of water 

clear   and   pure�察  �the   thickets   of   trees   always   luxuriant�察  �and   the   numerous 

flowers   of   various   hues�察  �constituted   a   lovely   scene�察  �the   whole   forming 

what is called the Jetavana vihara。��7�А�

     When Buddha went up to the Trayastrimsas heaven�撮�8�А�and preached 

the Law for the benefit of his mother�察。�after he had been absent for�� ninety 

days�察�Prasenajit�察�longing to see him�察�caused an image of him to be carved 

in Gosirsha Chandana wood�撮�9�А�and put in the place where he usually sat。 

When Buddha on his return entered the vihara�察�Buddha said to it�察 �Return 

to   your   seat。   After   I   have   attained   to   pari´nirvana�察  �you   will   serve   as   a 

pattern   to   the   four   classes   of   my   disciples�察┌�10�А  �and   on   this   the   image 

returned to its seat。 This was the very first of all the images ��of Buddha���察�



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and that which men subsequently copied。 Buddha then removed�察�and dwelt 

in a small vihara on the south side ��of the other���察�a different place from 

that containing the image�察�and twenty paces distant from it。 

     The   Jetavana   vihara   was   originally   of   seven   storeys。   The   kings   and 

people   of   the   countries   around   vied   with   one   another   in   their   offerings�察�

hanging   up   about   it   silken    streamers   and   canopies�察  �scattering   flowers�察�

burning incense�察�and lighting lamps�察�so as to make the night as bright as 

the day。 This they did day after day without ceasing。 ��It happened that�� a 

rat�察�carrying in its mouth the wick of a lamp�察�set one of the streamers or 

canopies on fire�察�which caught the vihara�察�and the seven storeys were all 

consumed。 The kings�察�with their officers and people�察�were all very sad and 

distressed�察�supposing that the sandal´wood image had been burned�察�but lo� �

after four or five days�察�when the door of a small vihara on the east was 

opened�察  �there   was   immediately   seen   the   original   image。   They   were   all 

greatly rejoiced�察 �and co´operated   in restoring  the vihara。 When they  had 

succeeded in completing two storeys�察�they removed the image back to its 

former place。 

     When Fa´hien   and Tao´ching   first   arrived   at  the Jetavana   monastery�察�

and thought how the World´honoured one had formerly resided there for 

twenty´five      years�察  �painful   reflections    arose   in  their   minds。    Born   in   a 

border´land�察     �along    with   their   like´minded     friends�察   �they   had   travelled 

through so many kingdoms�察�some of those friends had returned ��to their 

own      land���察  �and    some     had   ��died���察   �proving     the   impermanence        and 

uncertainty of life�察�and to´day they saw the place where Buddha had lived 

now   unoccupied   by   him。   They   were   melancholy   through   their   pain   of 

heart�察  �and   the   crowd   of   monks   came   out�察  �and   asked   them   from   what 

kingdom they were come。 ;We are come�察─�they replied�察 �from the land of 

Han。; ;Strange�察─�said the monks with a sigh�察 �that men of a border country 

should be able to come here in search of our Law� ─�Then they said to one 

another�察   �During   all   the   time   that   we�察  �preceptors   and   monks�撮�11�А  �have 

succeeded to one another�察�we have never seen men of Han�察�followers of 

our system�察�arrive here。; 

     Four   le   to   the   north´west   of   the   vihara   there   is   a   grove   called   ;The 

Getting of Eyes。; Formerly there were five hundred blind men�察�who lived 



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here in order that they might be near the vihara。��12�А�Buddha preached his 

Law to them�察�and they all got back their eyesight。 Full of joy�察�they stuck 

their staves in the earth�察�and with their heads and faces on the ground�察�did 

reverence。   The   staves   immediately   began   to   grow�察  �and   they   grew   to   be 

great。 People made much of them�察�and no one dared to cut them down�察�so 

that they came to form a grove。 It was in this way that it got its name�察�and 

most of the Jetavana monks�察�after they had taken their midday meal�察�went 

to the grove�察�and sat there in meditation。 

     Six or seven le north´east from the Jetavana�察�mother Vaisakha��13�А�built 

another vihara�察�to which she invited Buddha and his monks�察�and which is 

still existing。 

     To each of the great residences for monks at the Jetavana vihara there 

were   two   gates�察  �one   facing   the   east   and   the   other   facing   the   north。   The 

park ��containing the whole�� was the space of ground which the ��Vaisya�� 

head   Sudatta   purchased   by   covering   it   with   gold   coins。   The   vihara   was 

exactly   in   the   centre。   Here   Buddha   lived   for   a   longer   time   than   at   any 

other place�察�preaching his Law and converting men。 At the places where 

he walked and sat they also ��subsequently�� reared topes�察�each having its 

particular   name�察  �and   here   was   the   place   where   Sundari��14�А  �murdered   a 

person and then falsely charged Buddha ��with the crime��。 Outside the east 

gate   of   the   Jetavana�察  �at   a   distance   of   seventy  paces   to   the   north�察  �on   the 

west   of   the   road�察  �Buddha   held   a   discussion   with   the   ��advocates   of   the�� 

ninety´six   schemes   of   erroneous   doctrine�察  �when   the   king   and   his   great 

officers�察  �the   householders�察  �and   people   were   all   assembled   in   crowds   to 

hear   it。   Then   a   woman   belonging   to   one   of   the   erroneous   systems�察  �by 

name Chanchamana�撮�15�А�prompted by the envious hatred in her heart�察�and 

having put on ��extra�� clothes in front of her person�察�so as to give her the 

appearance   of   being   with   child�察  �falsely   accused   Buddha   before   all   the 

assembly of having acted unlawfully ��towards her��。 On this�察�Sakra�察�Ruler 

of   Devas�察  �changed   himself   and   some   devas   into   white   mice�察  �which   bit 

through the strings about her waist�察�and when this was done�察�the ��extra�� 

clothes which she wore dropt down on the ground。 The earth at the same 

time was rent�察�and she went ��down�� alive into hell。��16�А。�This�� also is the 

place     where     Devadatta�撮�17�А      �trying    with    empoisoned       claws     to  injure 



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Buddha�察  �went   down   alive   into   hell。   Men   subsequently   set   up   marks   to 

distinguish where both these events took place。 

     Further�察  �at   the   place   where   the   discussion   took   place�察  �they   reared   a 

vihara rather more than sixty cubits high�察�having in it an image of Buddha 

in a sitting posture。 On the east   of the road there was a devalaya��18�А �of 

��one     of��  the   contrary    systems�察   �called    ;The    Shadow      Covered�察─    �right 

opposite     the   vihara   on   the   place   of  discussion�察   �with    ��only��   the  road 

between them�察�and also rather more than sixty cubits high。 The reason why 

it was called ;The Shadow Covered; was this�此�When the sun was in the 

west�察  �the   shadow   of   the   vihara   of   the   World´   honoured   one

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