a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及18何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
��2�А�This was�察�no doubt�察�what was called the danta´kashtha�察�or ;dental
wood�察─�mostly a bit of the /ficus Indicus/ or banyan tree�察�which the monk
chews every morning to cleanse his teeth�察�and for the purpose of health
generally。 The Chinese�察�not having the banyan�察�have used�察�or at least Fa´
hien used�察�Yang �┌�。���察�the general name for the willow�� instead of it。
��3�А�Are two classes of opponents�察�or only one�察�intended here�察�so that
we should read ;all the unbelievers and Brahmans�察─ �or ;heretics and
Brahmans�拭─ �I think the Brahmans were also ;the unbelievers; and
;heretics�察─ �having ��。�� ��。���察 �views and ways outside of�察 �and opposed to�察�
Buddha's。
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CHAPTER XX
KOSALA AND SRAVASTI。 THE JETAVANA VIHARA AND
OTHER MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS OF BUDDHA。 SYMPATHY
OF THE MONKS WITH THE PILGRIMS。
Going on from this to the south�察 �for eight yojanas�察 。�the travellers��
came to the city of Sravasti��1�А�in the kingdom of Kosala�撮�2�А�in which the
inhabitants were few and far between�察 �amounting in all ��only�� to a few
more than two hundred families�察�the city where king Prasenajit��3�А�ruled�察�
and the place of the old vihara of Maha´prajapti�撮�4�А�of the well and walls
of ��the house of�� the ��Vaisya�� head Sudatta�撮�5�А �and where the
Angulimalya��6�А�became an Arhat�察�and his body was ��afterwards�� burned
on his attaining to pari´nirvana。 At all these places topes were
subsequently erected�察 �which are still existing in the city。 The Brahmans�察�
with their contrary doctrine�察�became full of hatred and envy in their hearts�察�
and wished to destroy them�察�but there came from the heavens such a storm
of crashing thunder and flashing lightning that they were not able in the
end to effect their purpose。
As you go out from the city by the south gate�察�and 1��200 paces from it�察�
the ��Vaisya�� head Sudatta built a vihara�察�facing the south�察 �and when the
door was open�察�on each side of it there was a stone pillar�察�with the figure
of a wheel on the top of that on the left�察�and the figure of an ox on the top
of that on the right。 On the left and right of the building the ponds of water
clear and pure�察 �the thickets of trees always luxuriant�察 �and the numerous
flowers of various hues�察 �constituted a lovely scene�察 �the whole forming
what is called the Jetavana vihara。��7�А�
When Buddha went up to the Trayastrimsas heaven�撮�8�А�and preached
the Law for the benefit of his mother�察。�after he had been absent for�� ninety
days�察�Prasenajit�察�longing to see him�察�caused an image of him to be carved
in Gosirsha Chandana wood�撮�9�А�and put in the place where he usually sat。
When Buddha on his return entered the vihara�察�Buddha said to it�察 �Return
to your seat。 After I have attained to pari´nirvana�察 �you will serve as a
pattern to the four classes of my disciples�察┌�10�А �and on this the image
returned to its seat。 This was the very first of all the images ��of Buddha���察�
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and that which men subsequently copied。 Buddha then removed�察�and dwelt
in a small vihara on the south side ��of the other���察�a different place from
that containing the image�察�and twenty paces distant from it。
The Jetavana vihara was originally of seven storeys。 The kings and
people of the countries around vied with one another in their offerings�察�
hanging up about it silken streamers and canopies�察 �scattering flowers�察�
burning incense�察�and lighting lamps�察�so as to make the night as bright as
the day。 This they did day after day without ceasing。 ��It happened that�� a
rat�察�carrying in its mouth the wick of a lamp�察�set one of the streamers or
canopies on fire�察�which caught the vihara�察�and the seven storeys were all
consumed。 The kings�察�with their officers and people�察�were all very sad and
distressed�察�supposing that the sandal´wood image had been burned�察�but lo� �
after four or five days�察�when the door of a small vihara on the east was
opened�察 �there was immediately seen the original image。 They were all
greatly rejoiced�察 �and co´operated in restoring the vihara。 When they had
succeeded in completing two storeys�察�they removed the image back to its
former place。
When Fa´hien and Tao´ching first arrived at the Jetavana monastery�察�
and thought how the World´honoured one had formerly resided there for
twenty´five years�察 �painful reflections arose in their minds。 Born in a
border´land�察 �along with their like´minded friends�察 �they had travelled
through so many kingdoms�察�some of those friends had returned ��to their
own land���察 �and some had ��died���察 �proving the impermanence and
uncertainty of life�察�and to´day they saw the place where Buddha had lived
now unoccupied by him。 They were melancholy through their pain of
heart�察 �and the crowd of monks came out�察 �and asked them from what
kingdom they were come。 ;We are come�察─�they replied�察 �from the land of
Han。; ;Strange�察─�said the monks with a sigh�察 �that men of a border country
should be able to come here in search of our Law� ─�Then they said to one
another�察 �During all the time that we�察 �preceptors and monks�撮�11�А �have
succeeded to one another�察�we have never seen men of Han�察�followers of
our system�察�arrive here。;
Four le to the north´west of the vihara there is a grove called ;The
Getting of Eyes。; Formerly there were five hundred blind men�察�who lived
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here in order that they might be near the vihara。��12�А�Buddha preached his
Law to them�察�and they all got back their eyesight。 Full of joy�察�they stuck
their staves in the earth�察�and with their heads and faces on the ground�察�did
reverence。 The staves immediately began to grow�察 �and they grew to be
great。 People made much of them�察�and no one dared to cut them down�察�so
that they came to form a grove。 It was in this way that it got its name�察�and
most of the Jetavana monks�察�after they had taken their midday meal�察�went
to the grove�察�and sat there in meditation。
Six or seven le north´east from the Jetavana�察�mother Vaisakha��13�А�built
another vihara�察�to which she invited Buddha and his monks�察�and which is
still existing。
To each of the great residences for monks at the Jetavana vihara there
were two gates�察 �one facing the east and the other facing the north。 The
park ��containing the whole�� was the space of ground which the ��Vaisya��
head Sudatta purchased by covering it with gold coins。 The vihara was
exactly in the centre。 Here Buddha lived for a longer time than at any
other place�察�preaching his Law and converting men。 At the places where
he walked and sat they also ��subsequently�� reared topes�察�each having its
particular name�察 �and here was the place where Sundari��14�А �murdered a
person and then falsely charged Buddha ��with the crime��。 Outside the east
gate of the Jetavana�察 �at a distance of seventy paces to the north�察 �on the
west of the road�察 �Buddha held a discussion with the ��advocates of the��
ninety´six schemes of erroneous doctrine�察 �when the king and his great
officers�察 �the householders�察 �and people were all assembled in crowds to
hear it。 Then a woman belonging to one of the erroneous systems�察 �by
name Chanchamana�撮�15�А�prompted by the envious hatred in her heart�察�and
having put on ��extra�� clothes in front of her person�察�so as to give her the
appearance of being with child�察 �falsely accused Buddha before all the
assembly of having acted unlawfully ��towards her��。 On this�察�Sakra�察�Ruler
of Devas�察 �changed himself and some devas into white mice�察 �which bit
through the strings about her waist�察�and when this was done�察�the ��extra��
clothes which she wore dropt down on the ground。 The earth at the same
time was rent�察�and she went ��down�� alive into hell。��16�А。�This�� also is the
place where Devadatta�撮�17�А �trying with empoisoned claws to injure
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Buddha�察 �went down alive into hell。 Men subsequently set up marks to
distinguish where both these events took place。
Further�察 �at the place where the discussion took place�察 �they reared a
vihara rather more than sixty cubits high�察�having in it an image of Buddha
in a sitting posture。 On the east of the road there was a devalaya��18�А �of
��one of�� the contrary systems�察 �called ;The Shadow Covered�察─ �right
opposite the vihara on the place of discussion�察 �with ��only�� the road
between them�察�and also rather more than sixty cubits high。 The reason why
it was called ;The Shadow Covered; was this�此�When the sun was in the
west�察 �the shadow of the vihara of the World´ honoured one