a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及17何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Buddha's last moments。 His special gift was the divyachakshus or
;heavenly eye�察─�the first of the six abhijnas or ;supernatural talents�察─�the
faculty of comprehending in one instantaneous view�察 �or by intuition�察 �all
beings in all worlds。 ;He could see�察─�says Hardy�察�M。 B。�察�p。 232�察 �all things
in 100��000 sakvalas as plainly as a mustard seed held in the hand。;
��6�А�Eitel gives the name Utpala with the same Chinese phonetisation as
in the text�察 �but not as the name of any bhikshuni。 The Sanskrit word�察�
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however�察 �is explained by ;blue lotus flowers�察─ �and Hsuan´chwang calls
her the nun ;Lotus´flower colour �┌�。�� ��。�� ��。�����察�the same as Hardy's
Upulwan and Uppalawarna。
��7�А�Perhaps we should read here ;to see Buddha�察─�and then ascribe the
transformation to the nun herself。 It depends on the punctuation which
view we adopt�察 �and in the structure of the passage�察 �there is nothing to
indicate that the stop should be made before or after ;Buddha。; And the
one view is as reasonable�察�or rather as unreasonable�察�as the other。
��8�А �A holy king who turns the wheel�察─�that is�察�the military conqueror
and monarch of the whole or part of a universe。 ;The symbol�察─�says Eitel
��p。 142�� ;of such a king is the chakra or wheel�察�for when he ascends the
throne�察�a chakra falls from heaven�察�indicating by its material ��gold�察�silver�察�
copper�察�or iron�� the extent and character of his reign。 The office�察�however�察�
of the highest Chakravartti�察 �who hurls his wheel among his enemies�察 �is
inferior to the peaceful mission of a Buddha�察�who meekly turns the wheel
of the Law�察�and conquers every universe by his teaching。;
��9�А �This was Brahma�察 �the first person of the Brahmanical Trimurti�察�
adopted by Buddhism�察�but placed in an inferior position�察�and surpassed by
every Buddhist saint who attains to bodhi。
��10�А�A common name for the earth below�察�where�察�on digging�察�water is
found。
��11�А�The height is given as thirty chow�察�the chow being the distance
from the elbow to the finger´tip�察�which is variously estimated。
��12�А �A note of Mr。 Beal says on this�此�General Cunningham�察 �who
visited the spot ��1862���察�found a pillar�察�evidently of the age of Asoka�察�with
a well´carved elephant on the top�察�which�察�however�察�was minus trunk and
tail。 He supposes this to be the pillar seen by Fa´hien�察�who mistook the top
of it for a lion。 It is possible such a mistake may have been made�察�as in the
account of one of the pillars at Sravasti�察 �Fa´hien says an ox formed the
capital�察�whilst Hsuan´chwang calls it an elephant ��P。 19�察�Arch。 Survey��。;
��13�А�That is�察 �in niches on the sides。 The pillar or column must have
been square。
��14�А�Equivalent to ;all through。;
��15�А�Has always been translated ;heretical teachers�察─�but I eschew the
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terms /heresy/ and /heretical/。 The parties would not be Buddhists of any
creed or school�察�but Brahmans or of some other false doctrine�察�as Fa´hien
deemed it。 The Chinese term means ;outside; or ;foreign�察�in Pali�察�anna´
titthiya��=;those belonging to another school。;
��16�А�These three predecessors of Sakyamuni were the three Buddhas of
the present or Maha´bhadra Kalpa�察 �of which he was the fourth�察 �and
Maitreya is to be the fifth and last。 They were�此 。�1�� Krakuchanda ��Pali�察�
Kakusanda���察 �he who readily solves all doubts�察─ �a scion of the Kasyapa
family。 Human life reached in his time 40��000 years�察�and so many persons
were converted by him。 ��2�� Kanakamuni ��Pali�察 �Konagamana���察 �body
radiant with the colour of pure gold�察─ �of the same family。 Human life
reached in his time 30��000 years�察�and so many persons were converted by
him。 ��3�� Kasyapa ��Pali�察 �Kassapa���察 �swallower of light。; Human life
reached in his time 20��000 years�察�and so many persons were converted by
him。 See Eitel�察 �under the several names�察 �Hardy's M。 B。�察 �pp。 95´97�察 �and
Davids' ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 51。
��17�А �That is�察 �walked in meditation。 Such places are called
Chankramana ��Pali�察�Chankama���察�promenades or corridors connected with
a monastery�察 �made sometimes with costly stones�察 �for the purpose of
peripatetic meditation。 The ;sitting; would be not because of weariness or
for rest�察�but for meditation。 E。 H。�察�p。 144。
��18�А�The character in my Corean copy is ��。���察�which must be a mistake
for the ��。�� of the Chinese editions。 Otherwise�察�the meaning would be ;a
small medusa。;
��19�А�The reading here seems to me a great improvement on that of the
Chinese editions�察 �which means ;Fire Limit。; Buddha�察 �it is said�察 。�。��
converted this demon�察�which Chinese character Beal rendered at first by
;in one of his incarnations�察─�and in his revised version he has ;himself。;
The difference between Fa´hien's usage of ��。�� and ��。�� throughout his
narrative is quite marked。 ��。�� always refers to the doings of Sakyamuni�察�
��。���察 �formerly�察─�is often used of him and others in the sense of ;in a former
age or birth。;
��20�А�See Hardy�察�M。 B。�察�p。 194�此�As a token of the giving over of the
garden�察�the king poured water upon the hands of Buddha�察�and from this
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time it became one of the principal residences of the sage。;
��21�А�This would seem to be absurd�察�but the writer evidently intended to
convey the idea that there was something mysterious about the number of
the topes。
��22�А�This seems to be the meaning。 The bodies of the monks are all
burned。 Hardy's E。 M。�察�pp。 322´324。
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CHAPTER XVIII
KANYAKUBJA�察�OR CANOUGE。 BUDDHA'S PREACHING。
Fa´hien stayed at the Dragon vihara till after the summer retreat�撮�1�А�
and then�察�travelling to the south´east for seven yojanas�察�he arrived at the
city of Kanyakubja�撮�2�А �lying along the Ganges。��3�А �There are two
monasteries in it�察�the inmates of which are students of the hinayana。 At a
distance from the city of six or seven le�察�on the west�察�on the northern bank
of the Ganges�察�is a place where Buddha preached the Law to his disciples。
It has been handed down that his subjects of discourse were such as ;The
bitterness and vanity ��of life�� as impermanent and uncertain�察─ �and that
;The body is as a bubble or foam on the water。; At this spot a tope was
erected�察�and still exists。
Having crossed the Ganges�察 �and gone south for three yojanas�察 。�the
travellers�� arrived at a village named A´le�撮�4�А �containing places where
Buddha preached the Law�察�where he sat�察�and where he walked�察�at all of
which topes have been built。
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NOTES
��1�А�We are now�察�probably�察�in 405。
��2�А�Canouge�察�the latitude and longitude of which have been given in a
previous note。 The Sanskrit name means ;the city of humpbacked
maidens�察─�with reference to the legend of the hundred daughters of king
Brahma´datta�察�who were made deformed by the curse of the rishi Maha´
vriksha�察�whose overtures they had refused。 E。 H。�察�p。 51。
��3�А�Ganga�察�explained by ;Blessed water�察─�and ;Come from heaven to
earth。;
��4�А �This village ��the Chinese editions read ;forest;�� has hardly been
clearly identified。
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CHAPTER XIX
SHA´CHE。 LEGEND OF BUDDHA'S DANTA´KASHTHA。
Going on from this to the south´east for three yojanas�察�they came to
the great kingdom of Sha´che。��1�А�As you go out of the city of Sha´che by
the southern gate�察�on the east of the road ��is the place�� where Buddha�察�after
he had chewed his willow branch�撮�2�А �stuck it in the ground�察 �when it
forthwith grew up seven cubits�察 。�at which height it remained�� neither
increasing nor diminishing。 The Brahmans with their contrary doctrines��3�А�
became angry and jealous。 Sometimes they cut the tree down�察�sometimes
they plucked it up�察�and cast it to a distance�察�but it grew again on the same
spot as at first。 Here also is the place where the four Buddhas walked and
sat�察�and at which a tope was built that is still existing。
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NOTES
��1�А �Sha´che should probably be Sha´khe�察 �making Cunningham's
identification of the name with the present Saket still more likely。 The
change of ��。�� into ��。�� is slight�察 �and�察 �indeed�察 �the Khang´hsi dictionary
thinks the two characters should be but one and the same。
��2�А�This was�察�no doubt�察�what was called the danta´kasht