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及17何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及17何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��



Buddha's      last   moments。      His   special    gift  was    the   divyachakshus       or 

;heavenly eye�察─�the first of the six abhijnas or ;supernatural talents�察─�the 

faculty  of   comprehending   in   one  instantaneous   view�察  �or   by  intuition�察  �all 

beings in all worlds。 ;He could see�察─�says Hardy�察�M。 B。�察�p。 232�察 �all things 

in 100��000 sakvalas as plainly as a mustard seed held in the hand。; 

     ��6�А�Eitel gives the name Utpala with the same Chinese phonetisation as 

in   the   text�察  �but   not   as   the   name   of   any   bhikshuni。   The   Sanskrit   word�察�



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however�察  �is   explained   by   ;blue   lotus   flowers�察─  �and   Hsuan´chwang   calls 

her   the   nun   ;Lotus´flower   colour   �┌�。��   ��。��   ��。�����察�the   same   as   Hardy's 

Upulwan and Uppalawarna。 

     ��7�А�Perhaps we should read here ;to see Buddha�察─�and then ascribe the 

transformation   to   the   nun   herself。   It   depends   on   the   punctuation   which 

view   we   adopt�察  �and   in   the   structure   of   the   passage�察  �there   is   nothing   to 

indicate that the stop should be made before or after ;Buddha。; And the 

one view is as reasonable�察�or rather as unreasonable�察�as the other。 

     ��8�А �A holy king who turns the wheel�察─�that is�察�the military conqueror 

and monarch of the whole or part of a universe。 ;The symbol�察─�says Eitel 

��p。 142�� ;of such a king is the chakra or wheel�察�for when he ascends the 

throne�察�a chakra falls from heaven�察�indicating by its material ��gold�察�silver�察�

copper�察�or iron�� the extent and character of his reign。 The office�察�however�察�

of   the   highest   Chakravartti�察  �who   hurls   his   wheel   among   his   enemies�察  �is 

inferior to the peaceful mission of a Buddha�察�who meekly turns the wheel 

of the Law�察�and conquers every universe by his teaching。; 

     ��9�А  �This   was   Brahma�察  �the   first   person   of   the   Brahmanical   Trimurti�察�

adopted by Buddhism�察�but placed in an inferior position�察�and surpassed by 

every Buddhist saint who attains to bodhi。 

     ��10�А�A common name for the earth below�察�where�察�on digging�察�water is 

found。 

     ��11�А�The height is given as   thirty chow�察�the chow being the  distance 

from the elbow to the finger´tip�察�which is variously estimated。 

     ��12�А  �A   note   of   Mr。   Beal   says   on   this�此�General   Cunningham�察  �who 

visited the spot ��1862���察�found a pillar�察�evidently of the age of Asoka�察�with 

a well´carved elephant on the top�察�which�察�however�察�was minus trunk and 

tail。 He supposes this to be the pillar seen by Fa´hien�察�who mistook the top 

of it for a lion。 It is possible such a mistake may have been made�察�as in the 

account of   one  of   the   pillars   at   Sravasti�察  �Fa´hien   says   an   ox   formed   the 

capital�察�whilst Hsuan´chwang calls it an elephant ��P。 19�察�Arch。 Survey��。; 

     ��13�А�That   is�察 �in   niches on   the   sides。 The  pillar  or   column   must   have 

been square。 

     ��14�А�Equivalent to ;all through。; 

     ��15�А�Has always been translated ;heretical teachers�察─�but I eschew the 



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terms /heresy/ and /heretical/。 The parties would not be Buddhists of any 

creed or school�察�but Brahmans or of some other false doctrine�察�as Fa´hien 

deemed it。 The Chinese term means ;outside; or ;foreign�察�in Pali�察�anna´ 

titthiya��=;those belonging to another school。; 

     ��16�А�These three predecessors of Sakyamuni were the three Buddhas of 

the   present    or  Maha´bhadra       Kalpa�察   �of  which    he   was   the  fourth�察  �and 

Maitreya   is   to   be   the   fifth   and   last。   They   were�此  。�1��   Krakuchanda   ��Pali�察�

Kakusanda���察   �he   who   readily  solves   all   doubts�察─  �a scion   of   the   Kasyapa 

family。 Human life reached in his time 40��000 years�察�and so many persons 

were     converted     by  him。    ��2��  Kanakamuni       ��Pali�察  �Konagamana���察       �body 

radiant   with   the   colour   of   pure   gold�察─  �of   the   same   family。   Human   life 

reached in his time 30��000 years�察�and so many persons were converted by 

him。    ��3��   Kasyapa     ��Pali�察 �Kassapa���察     �swallower      of  light。;   Human     life 

reached in his time 20��000 years�察�and so many persons were converted by 

him。   See   Eitel�察  �under   the   several   names�察  �Hardy's   M。   B。�察  �pp。   95´97�察  �and 

Davids' ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 51。 

     ��17�А    �That    is�察 �walked      in   meditation。     Such     places    are   called 

Chankramana ��Pali�察�Chankama���察�promenades or corridors connected with 

a   monastery�察    �made    sometimes      with   costly   stones�察  �for  the   purpose    of 

peripatetic meditation。 The ;sitting; would be not because of weariness or 

for rest�察�but for meditation。 E。 H。�察�p。 144。 

     ��18�А�The character in my Corean copy is ��。���察�which must be a mistake 

for the ��。�� of the Chinese editions。 Otherwise�察�the meaning would be ;a 

small medusa。; 

     ��19�А�The reading here seems to me a great improvement on that of the 

Chinese      editions�察  �which    means     ;Fire   Limit。;   Buddha�察    �it  is  said�察 。�。�� 

converted this demon�察�which Chinese character Beal rendered at first by 

;in one of his incarnations�察─�and in his revised version he has ;himself。; 

The   difference   between   Fa´hien's   usage   of   ��。��   and   ��。��   throughout   his 

narrative is quite marked。 ��。�� always refers to the doings of Sakyamuni�察�

��。���察 �formerly�察─�is often used of him and others in the sense of ;in a former 

age or birth。; 

     ��20�А�See Hardy�察�M。 B。�察�p。 194�此�As a token of the giving over of the 

garden�察�the king poured water upon the hands of Buddha�察�and from this 



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time it became one of the principal residences of the sage。; 

    ��21�А�This would seem to be absurd�察�but the writer evidently intended to 

convey the idea that there was something mysterious about the number of 

the topes。 

    ��22�А�This seems to   be   the meaning。 The bodies   of the monks   are   all 

burned。 Hardy's E。 M。�察�pp。 322´324。 



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                         CHAPTER XVIII 



    KANYAKUBJA�察�OR CANOUGE。 BUDDHA'S PREACHING。 

    Fa´hien   stayed   at   the   Dragon   vihara   till   after   the   summer   retreat�撮�1�А�

and then�察�travelling to the south´east for seven yojanas�察�he arrived at the 

city    of  Kanyakubja�撮�2�А      �lying   along   the   Ganges。��3�А    �There    are   two 

monasteries in it�察�the inmates of which are students of the hinayana。 At a 

distance from the city of six or seven le�察�on the west�察�on the northern bank 

of the Ganges�察�is a place where Buddha preached the Law to his disciples。 

It has been handed down that his subjects of discourse were such as ;The 

bitterness   and   vanity   ��of   life��   as   impermanent   and   uncertain�察─  �and   that 

;The body is as a bubble or foam on the water。; At this spot a tope was 

erected�察�and still exists。 

    Having   crossed   the   Ganges�察  �and   gone   south   for   three   yojanas�察  。�the 

travellers��   arrived   at   a   village   named   A´le�撮�4�А  �containing   places   where 

Buddha preached the Law�察�where he sat�察�and where he walked�察�at all of 

which topes have been built。 



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                                       NOTES 



     ��1�А�We are now�察�probably�察�in 405。 

     ��2�А�Canouge�察�the latitude and longitude of which have been given in a 

previous     note。  The    Sanskrit   name    means    ;the   city  of  humpbacked 

maidens�察─�with reference to the legend of the hundred daughters of king 

Brahma´datta�察�who were made deformed by the curse of the rishi Maha´ 

vriksha�察�whose overtures they had refused。 E。 H。�察�p。 51。 

     ��3�А�Ganga�察�explained by ;Blessed water�察─�and ;Come from heaven to 

earth。; 

     ��4�А �This   village   ��the   Chinese   editions   read   ;forest;��   has   hardly   been 

clearly identified。 



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                           CHAPTER XIX 



         SHA´CHE。 LEGEND OF BUDDHA'S DANTA´KASHTHA。 

    Going on from this to the south´east for three yojanas�察�they came   to 

the great kingdom of Sha´che。��1�А�As you go out of the city of Sha´che by 

the southern gate�察�on the east of the road ��is the place�� where Buddha�察�after 

he   had   chewed    his   willow   branch�撮�2�А  �stuck   it   in   the   ground�察  �when   it 

forthwith   grew   up    seven   cubits�察  。�at   which   height   it   remained��   neither 

increasing nor diminishing。 The Brahmans with their contrary doctrines��3�А�

became angry and jealous。 Sometimes they cut the tree down�察�sometimes 

they plucked it up�察�and cast it to a distance�察�but it grew again on the same 

spot as at first。 Here also is the place where the four Buddhas walked and 

sat�察�and at which a tope was built that is still existing。 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А  �Sha´che     should    probably     be   Sha´khe�察    �making     Cunningham's 

identification   of   the   name   with   the   present   Saket   still   more   likely。   The 

change   of   ��。��   into   ��。��   is   slight�察  �and�察  �indeed�察  �the   Khang´hsi   dictionary 

thinks the two characters should be but one and the same。 

     ��2�А�This was�察�no doubt�察�what was called the danta´kasht

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議