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及16何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及16何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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honoured one。 

     Then the bhikshuni Utpala��6�А�thought in her heart�察 �To´day the kings�察�

with    their  ministers    and   people�察  �will  all  be  meeting    ��and   welcoming�� 

Buddha。 I am ��but�� a woman�察�how shall I succeed in being the first to see 

him�拭┌�7�А�Buddha immediately�察�by his spirit´like power�察�changed her into 

the appearance of a holy Chakravartti��8�А�king�察�and she was the foremost of 

all in doing reverence to him。 

     As   Buddha   descended   from   his   position   aloft   in   the   Trayastrimsas 

heaven�察  �when   he   was   coming   down�察  �there   were   made   to   appear   three 

flights   of   precious   steps。   Buddha   was   on   the   middle   flight�察  �the   steps   of 

which     were   composed   of     the   seven   precious    substances。    The   king   of 

Brahma´loka��9�А�also made a flight of silver steps appear on the right side�察�

��where   he   was   seen��   attending   with   a   white   chowry   in   his   hand。   Sakra�察�

Ruler  of   Devas�察 �made   ��a  flight   of��   steps of   purple  gold   on the left   side�察�



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��where   he   was     seen��   attending     and   holding    an  umbrella     of   the  seven 

precious     substances。     An   innumerable       multitude    of  the   devas   followed 

Buddha   in   his   descent。   When   he   was   come   down�察  �the   three   flights   all 

disappeared in the ground�察�excepting seven steps�察�which continued to be 

visible。 Afterwards king Asoka�察�wishing to know where their ends rested�察�

sent    men    to  dig  and   see。   They   went    down     to  the  yellow    springs��10�А�

without reaching the bottom of the steps�察�and from this the king received 

an   increase   to   his   reverence   and   faith�察  �and built   a vihara   over the   steps�察�

with a standing image�察�sixteen cubits in height�察�right over the middle flight。 

Behind   the   vihara   he   erected   a   stone   pillar�察  �about   fifty   cubits   high�撮�11�А�

with   a   lion   on   the   top   of   it。��12�А  �Let   into   the   pillar�察  �on   each   of   its   four 

sides�撮�13�А  �there   is   an   image   of   Buddha�察  �inside   and   out��14�А  �shining   and 

transparent�察�and pure as it were of /lapis lazuli/。 Some teachers of another 

doctrine��15�А�once disputed with the Sramanas about ��the right to�� this as a 

place of residence�察�and the latter were having the worst of the argument�察�

when they took an oath on both sides on the condition that�察�if the place did 

indeed      belong    to   the   Sramanas�察     �there   should     be   some     marvellous 

attestation of it。 When these words had been spoken�察�the lion on the top 

gave   a   great   roar�察  �thus giving   the  proof�察  �on   which   their   opponents   were 

frightened�察�bowed to the decision�察�and withdrew。 

     Through   Buddha   having   for   three   months   partaken   of   the   food   of 

heaven�察�his body emitted a heavenly fragrance�察�unlike that of an ordinary 

man。 He went immediately and bathed�察�and afterwards�察�at the spot where 

he did so�察�a bathing´house was built�察�which is still existing。 At the place 

where the bhikshuni Utpala was the first to do reverence to Buddha�察�a tope 

has now been built。 

     At the places where Buddha�察�when he was in the world�察�cut his hair 

and     nails�察 �topes    are  erected�察   �and    where    the   three   Buddhas��16�А      �that 

preceded Sakyamuni Buddha and he himself sat�察�where they walked�撮�17�А�

and   where images   of   their   persons   were   made。 At   all   these   places   topes 

were made�察�and are still existing。 At the place where Sakra�察�Ruler of the 

Devas�察�and the king of the Brahma´loka followed Buddha down ��from the 

Trayastrimsas heaven�� they have also raised a tope。 

     At this place the monks and nuns may be a thousand�察�who all receive 



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their food from the common store�察�and pursue their studies�察�some of the 

mahayana   and   some   of   the   hinayana。   Where   they   live�察  �there   is   a   white´ 

eared dragon�察�which acts the part of danapati to the community of these 

monks�察�causing abundant harvests in the country�察�and the enriching rains 

to come   in season�察  �without the   occurrence   of any  calamities�察�so   that   the 

monks enjoy their repose and ease。 In gratitude for its kindness�察�they have 

made for it a dragon´house�察�with a carpet for it to sit on�察�and appointed for 

it   a   diet   of   blessing�察  �which   they   present   for   its   nourishment。   Every   day 

they   set   apart   three   of   their   number   to   go   to   its   house�察  �and   eat   there。 

Whenever the summer retreat is ended�察�the dragon straightway changes its 

form�察�and appears as a small snake�撮�18�А�with white spots at the side of its 

ears。 As   soon   as   the   monks   recognise   it�察  �they   fill   a   copper   vessel   with 

cream�察�into which they put the creature�察�and then carry it round from the 

one who has the highest seat ��at their tables�� to him who has the lowest�察�

when      it  appears    as  if  saluting    them。   When      it  has  been    taken    round�察�

immediately it disappeared�察�and every year it thus comes forth once。 The 

country   is   very   productive�察  �and   the   people   are   prosperous�察  �and   happy 

beyond comparison。 When people of other countries come to it�察�they are 

exceedingly attentive to them all�察�and supply them with what they need。 

     Fifty   yojanas   north´west   from   the   monastery   there   is   another�察  �called 

;The Great Heap。;��19�А�Great Heap was the name of a wicked demon�察�who 

was   converted   by   Buddha�察  �and   men   subsequently   at   this   place   reared   a 

vihara。 When it was being made over to an Arhat by pouring water on his 

hands�撮�20�А�some drops fell on the ground。 They are still on the spot�察�and 

however   they   may   be   brushed   away   and   removed�察  �they   continue   to   be 

visible�察�and cannot be made to disappear。 

     At   this   place   there   is   also   a   tope   to   Buddha�察  �where   a   good   spirit 

constantly keeps ��all about it�� swept and watered�察�without any labour  of 

man being required。 A king of corrupt views once said�察 �Since you are able 

to do this�察�I will lead a multitude of troops and reside there till the dirt and 

filth has increased and accumulated�察�and ��see�� whether you can cleanse it 

away or   not。; The   spirit thereupon   raised a great   wind�察�which blew   ��the 

filth away���察�and made the place pure。 

     At this place there are a hundred small topes�察�at which a man may keep 



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counting a whole day without being able to know ��their exact number��。 If 

he be firmly bent on knowing it�察�he will place a man by the side of each 

tope。 When this is done�察�proceeding to count the number of men�察�whether 

they be many or few�察�he will not get to know ��the number��。��21�А�

     There is a monastery�察�containing perhaps 600 or 700 monks�察�in which 

there   is   a   place   where   a   Pratyeka   Buddha   used   to   take   his   food。   The 

nirvana   ground   ��where   he   was   burned��22�А  �after   death��   is   as   large   as   a 

carriage   wheel�察  �and   while   grass   grows   all   around�察  �on   this   spot   there   is 

none。 The ground also where he dried his clothes produces no grass�察�but 

the impression of them�察�where they lay on it�察�continues to the present day。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А  �The   name   is   still   remaining   in   Samkassam�察  �a   village   forty´five 

miles northwest of Canouge�察�lat。 27d 3s N。�察�lon。 79d 50s E。 

     ��2�А�The heaven of Indra or Sakya�察�meaning ;the heaven of thirty´three 

classes�察─    �a   name     which     has   been    explained     both    historically    and 

mythologically。   ;The   description   of   it�察─  �says   Eitel�察  �p。   148�察   �tallies   in   all 

respects with the Svarga of Brahmanic mythology。 It is situated between 

the four peaks of the Meru�察�and consists of thirty´two cities of devas�察�eight 

one each of the four corners of the mountain。 Indra's capital of Bellevue is 

in the centre。 There he is enthroned�察�with a thousand heads and a thousand 

eyes�察   �and    four   arms   grasping     the   vajra�察 �with    his  wife    and   119��000 

concubines。 There he receives the monthly reports of the four Maharajas�察�

concerning the progress of good and evil in the world�察─�&c。 &c。 

     ��3�А�Buddha's mother�察�Maya and Mahamaya�察�the /mater immaculata/ of 

the   Buddhists�察  �died     seven   days   after   his   birth。   Eitel  says�察   �Reborn   in 

Tushita�察  �she   was   visited   there   by   her   son   and   converted。;   The   Tushita 

heaven was a more likely place to find her than the Trayastrimsas�察�but was 

the   former   a   part   of   the   latter�拭  �Hardy  gives   a   long   account   of   Buddha's 

visit to the Trayastrimsas ��M。 B。�察�pp。 298´302���察�which he calls Tawutisa�察�

and speaks of his mother ��Matru�� in it�察�who had now become a deva by the 

changing of her sex。 

     ��4�А�Compare the account of the Arhat's conveyance of the artist to the 

Tushita      heaven     in    chap。    v。   The    first   expression      here    is  more 

comprehensive。 

     ��5�А�Anuruddha was a first cousin of Sakyamuni�察�being the son of his 

uncle    Amritodana。      He    is  often  mentioned      in  the  account    we    have   of 

Buddha's      last   moments。      His   special    gift  was    the   divyachakshus       or 

;heavenly eye�察─�the first of the six abhijnas or ;supernatural talents�察─�the 


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