a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及21何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
��his aunt�� Maja´prajapati presented him with a Sanghali�撮�14�А�and ��where��
king Vaidurya slew the seed of Sakya�察 �and they all in dying became
Srotapannas。��15�А �A tope was erected at this last place�察 �which is still
existing。
Several le north´east from the city was the king's field�察�where the heir´
apparent sat under a tree�察�and looked at the ploughers。��16�А�
Fifty le east from the city was a garden�察 �named Lumbini�撮�17�А �where
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the queen entered the pond and bathed。 Having come forth from the pond
on the northern bank�察�after ��walking�� twenty paces�察�she lifted up her hand�察�
laid hold of a branch of a tree�察�and�察�with her face to the east�察�gave birth to
the heir´apparent。��18�А �When he fell to the ground�察 �he ��immediately��
walked seven paces。 Two dragon´kings ��appeared�� and washed his body。
At the place where they did so�察�there was immediately formed a well�察�and
from it�察�as well as from the above pond�察�where ��the queen�� bathed�撮�19�А�the
monks ��even�� now constantly take the water�察�and drink it。
There are four places of regular and fixed occurrence ��in the history of��
all Buddhas��first�察�the place where they attained to perfect Wisdom ��and
became Buddha���察 �second�察 �the place where they turned the wheel of the
Law�撮�20�А �third�察 �the place where they preached the Law�察 �discoursed of
righteousness�察�and discomfited ��the advocates of�� erroneous doctrines�察�and
fourth�察 �the place where they came down�察 �after going up to the
Trayatrimsas heaven to preach the Law for the benefit of their mothers。
Other places in connexion with them became remarkable�察�according to the
manifestations which were made at them at particular times。
The country of Kapilavastu is a great scene of empty desolation。 The
inhabitants are few and far between。 On the roads people have to be on
their guard against white elephants��21�А �and lions�察 �and should not travel
incautiously。
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NOTES
��1�А �Kapilavastu�察 �the city of beautiful virtue�察─ �was the birthplace of
Sakyamuni�察�but was destroyed�察�as intimated in the notes on last chapter�察�
during his lifetime。 It was situated a short distance north´ west of the
present Goruckpoor�察�lat。 26d 46s N。�察�lon。 83d 19s E。 Davids says ��Manual�察�
p。 25���察 �It was on the banks of the river Rohini�察�the modern Kohana�察�about
100 miles north´west of the city of Benares。;
��2�А �The father�察 �or supposed father�察 �of Sakyamuni。 He is here called
;the king white and pure; �┌�。�� ��。�� ��。����。 A more common appellation is ;the
king of pure rice; �┌�。�� ��。�� ��。�����察─�but the character ��。���察�or ;rice�察─�must be a
mistake for ��。���察 �Brahman�察─�and the appellation= ;Pure Brahman king。;
��3�А�The ;eldest son�察─�or ;prince; was Sakyamuni�察�and his mother had
no other son。 For ;his mother�察─�see chap。 xvii�察�note 3。 She was a daughter
of Anjana or Anusakya�察 �king of the neighbouring country of Koli�察 �and
Yasodhara�察 �an aunt of Suddhodana。 There appear to have been various
intermarriages between the royal houses of Kapila and Koli。
��4�А�In ;The Life of the Buddha�察─�p。 15�察�we read that ;Buddha was now
in the Tushita heaven�察�and knowing that his time was come ��the time for
his last rebirth in the course of which he would become Buddha���察�he made
the necessary examinations�察�and having decided that Maha´maya was the
right mother�察 �in the midnight watch he entered her womb under the
appearance of an elephant。; See M。 B。�察�pp。 140´143�察�and�察�still better�察�Rhys
Davids' ;Birth Stories�察─�pp。 58´63。
��5�А�In Hardy's M。 B。�察�pp。 154�察�155�察�we read�察 �As the prince ��Siddhartha�察�
the first name given to Sakyamuni�察�see Eitel�察�under Sarvarthasiddha�� was
one day passing along�察�he saw a deva under the appearance of a leper�察�full
of sores�察 �with a body like a water´vessel�察 �and legs like the pestle for
pounding rice�察�and when he learned from his charioteer what it was that he
saw�察 �be became agitated�察 �and returned at once to the palace。; See also
Rhys Davids' ;Buddhism�察─�p。 29。
��6�А �This is an addition of my own�察 �instead of ;There are also topes
erected at the following spots�察─�of former translators。 Fa´hien does not say
that there were memorial topes at all these places。
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��7�А�Asita�察�see Eitel�察�p。 15。 He is called in Pali Kala Devala�察�and had
been a minister of Suddhodana's father。
��8�А�In ;The Life of Buddha; we read that the Lichchhavis of Vaisali
had sent to the young prince a very fine elephant�察�but when it was near
Kapilavastu�察 �Devadatta�察 �out of envy�察 �killed it with a blow of his fist。
Nanda ��not Ananda�察 �but a half´brother of Siddhartha���察 �coming that way�察�
saw the carcase lying on the road�察 �and pulled it on one side�察 �but the
Bodhisattva�察 �seeing it there�察 �took it by the tail�察 �and tossed it over seven
fences and ditches�察�when the force of its fall made a great ditch。 I suspect
that the characters in the column have been disarranged�察 �and that we
should read ��。�� ��。�� ��。�� ��。���察。�。�� ��。���察。�。�� ��。��。 Buddha�察�that is Siddhartha�察�was
at this time only ten years old。
��9�А�The young Sakyas were shooting when the prince thus surpassed
them all。 He was then seventeen。
��10�А�This was not the night when he finally fled from Kapilavastu�察�and
as he was leaving the palace�察 �perceiving his sleeping father�察 �and said�察�
;Father�察�though I love thee�察�yet a fear possesses me�察�and I may not stay�察─�
The Life of the Buddha�察�p。 25。 Most probably it was that related in M。 B。�察�
pp。 199´204。 See ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�pp。 120´ 127。
��11�А �They did this�察 �I suppose�察 �to show their humility�察 �for Upali was
only a Sudra by birth�察 �and had been a barber�察 �so from the first did
Buddhism assert its superiority to the conditions of rank and caste。 Upali
was distinguished by his knowledge of the rules of discipline�察�and praised
on that account by Buddha。 He was one of the three leaders of the first
synod�察�and the principal compiler of the original Vinaya books。
��12�А�I have not met with the particulars of this preaching。
��13�А �Meaning�察 �as explained in Chinese�察 �a tree without knots�察─ �the
/ficus Indica/。 See Rhys Davids' note�察�Manual�察�p。 39�察�where he says that a
branch of one of these trees was taken from Buddha Gaya to
Anuradhapura in Ceylon in the middle of the third century B。C�察�and is still
growing there�察�the oldest historical tree in the world。
��14�А �See chap。 xiii�察 �note 11。 I have not met with the account of this
presentation。 See the long account of Prajapati in M。 B。�察�pp。 306´315。
��15�А�See chap。 xx�察�note 10。 The Srotapannas are the first class of saints�察�
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who are not to be reborn in a lower sphere�察 �but attain to nirvana after
having been reborn seven times consecutively as men or devas。 The
Chinese editions state there were ;1000; of the Sakya seed。 The general
account is that they were 500�察�all maidens�察�who refused to take their place
in king Vaidurya's harem�察�and were in consequence taken to a pond�察�and
had their hands and feet cut off。 There Buddha came to them�察 �had their
wounds dressed�察�and preached to them the Law。 They died in the faith�察�and
were reborn in the region of the four Great Kings。 Thence they came back
and visited Buddha at Jetavana in the night�察 �and there they obtained the
reward of Srotapanna。 ;The Life of the Buddha�察─�p。 121。
��16�А�See the account of this event in M。 B。�察�p。 150。 The account of it
reminds me of the ploughing by the sovereign�察 �which has been an
institution in China from the earliest times。 But there we have no magic
and no extravagance。
��17�А �The place of Liberation�察─�see chap。 xiii�察�note 7。
��18�А�See the accounts of this event in M。 B。�察�pp。 145�察�146�察 �The Life of
the Buddha�察─�pp。 15�察�16�察�and ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 66。
��19�А�There is difficulty in construing the text of this last statement。 Mr。
Beal had�察�no doubt inadvertently�察�omitted it in his first translation。 In his
revised version he gives for it�察�I cannot say happily�察 �As well as at the pool�察�
the water of which came down from above for washing ��the child��。;
��20�А�See chap。 xvii�察�note 8。 See also Davids' Manual�察�p。 45。 The latter
says�察�that ;to turn the wheel of the Law; means ;to set rolling the royal
chariot wheel of a universal empire of truth and righteousness�察─ �but he
admits that this is more grandiloquent than the phraseology was in the ears
of Buddhists。 I prefer the words quoted from Eitel in the note referred to。
;They turned; is probably equivalent to ;They began to turn。;
��21�А �Fa´hien does not say that he himself saw any of these white
elephants�察�nor does he speak