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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及22何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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     ��21�А  �Fa´hien   does   not   say   that   he   himself   saw   any   of   these   white 

elephants�察�nor does he speak of the lions as of any particular colour。 We 

shall find by´and´by�察�in a note further on�察�that�察�to make them appear more 

terrible�察�they are spoken of as ;black。; 



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                          CHAPTER XXIII 



     RAMA�察�AND ITS TOPE。 

     East from Buddha's birthplace�察�and at a distance of five yojanas�察�there 

is   a kingdom  called   Rama。��1�А�The  king   of   this   country�察  �having   obtained 

one  portion   of   the   relics   of   Buddha's   body�撮�2�А  �returned   with   it   and   built 

over it a tope�察�named the Rama tope。 By the side of it there was a pool�察�

and in the pool a dragon�察�which constantly kept watch over ��the tope���察�and 

presented offerings to it day and night。 When king Asoka came forth into 

the   world�察  �he   wished   to   destroy  the   eight   topes   ��over  the   relics���察  �and   to 

build   ��instead   of   them��   84��000   topes。��3�А�After   he   had   thrown   down   the 

seven   ��others���察�he   wished next to destroy  this   tope。  But   then   the  dragon 

showed itself�察�took the king into its palace�撮�4�А�and when he had seen all 

the things provided for offerings�察�it said to him�察 �If you are able with your 

offerings to exceed these�察�you can destroy the tope�察�and take it all away。 I 

will not contend with you。; The king�察�however�察�knew that such appliances 

for   offerings   were   not   to   be   had   anywhere   in   the   world�察  �and   thereupon 

returned ��without carrying out his purpose��。 

     ��Afterwards���察�the ground all about became overgrown with vegetation�察�

and there was nobody to sprinkle and sweep ��about the tope���察�but a herd of 

elephants came regularly�察�which brought water with their trunks to water 

the    ground�察   �and    various    kinds   of   flowers    and   incense�察   �which     they 

presented   at   the   tope。   ��Once��   there   came   from   one   of   the   kingdoms   a 

devotee��5�А�to worship at the tope。 When he encountered the elephants he 

was greatly alarmed�察�and screened himself among the trees�察�but when he 

saw   them   go   through   with   the   offerings   in   the   most   proper   manner�察  �the 

thought filled him with great sadnessthat there should be no monastery 

here�察。�the inmates of which�� might serve the tope�察�but the elephants have 

to   do   the   watering     and   sweeping。     Forthwith     he   gave    up   the   great 

prohibitions   ��by   which   he   was   bound���撮�6�А  �and   resumed   the   status   of   a 

Sramanera。��7�А�With his own hands he cleared away the grass and trees�察�put 

the place in good order�察�and made it pure and clean。 By the power of his 

exhortations�察�he prevailed on the king of the country to form a residence 

for monks�察�and when that was done�察�he became head of the monastery。 At 



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the   present   day   there   are   monks   residing   in   it。   This   event   is   of   recent 

occurrence�察  �but   in   all   the   succession   from   that   time   till   now�察  �there   has 

always been a Sramanera head of the establishment。 



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                                       NOTES 



     ��1�А�Rama or Ramagrama�察�between Kapilavastu and Kusanagara。 

     ��2�А�See the account of the eightfold division of the relics of Buddha's 

body in the Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xi�察�Buddhist Suttas�察�pp。 133´ 

136。 

     ��3�А�The   bones   of   the   human   body  are   supposed   to   consist   of   84��000 

atoms�察�and hence the legend of Asoka's wish to build 84��000 topes�察 �one 

over each atom of Sakyamuni's skeleton。 

     ��4�А�Fa´hien�察�it appears to me�察�intended his readers to understand that 

the naga´guardian had a palace of his own�察�inside or underneath the pool 

or tank。 

     ��5�А  �It   stands   out   on   the   narrative   as   a   whole   that   we   have   not   here 

;some pilgrims�察─�but one devotee。 

     ��6�А�What the ;great prohibitions; which the devotee now gave up were 

we cannot tell。 Being what he was�察�a monk of more than ordinary ascetical 

habits�察�he may have undertaken peculiar and difficult vows。 

     ��7�А�The Sramanera�察�or in Chinese Shamei。 See chap。 xvi�察�note 19。 



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                          CHAPTER XXIV 



     WHERE   BUDDHA  FINALLY  RENOUNCED   THE   WORLD�察�AND 

WHERE HE DIED。 

     East from here four yojanas�察�there is the place where the heir´ apparent 

sent   back   Chandaka�察  �with   his   white   horse�撮�1�А  �and   there   also   a   tope   was 

erected。 

     Four yojanas to the east from this�察。�the travellers�� came to the Charcoal 

tope�撮�2�А�where there is also a monastery。 

     Going   on   twelve   yojanas�察  �still   to   the   east�察  �they   came   to   the   city   of 

Kusanagara�撮�3�А�on the north of which�察�between two trees�撮�4�А�on the bank 

of   the   Nairanjana��5�А  �river�察  �is   the   place   where   the   World´honoured   one�察�

with his head to the north�察�attained to pari´nirvana ��and died��。 There also 

are   the   places   where   Subhadra�撮�6�А  �the   last   ��of   his   converts���察  �attained   to 

Wisdom   ��and   became   an Arhat���察  �where   in   his   coffin   of   gold   they   made 

offerings     to  the   World´honoured        one   for   seven    days�撮�7�А   �where    the 

Vajrapani     laid  aside   his  golden    club�撮�8�А  �and   where    the  eight   kings��9�А�

divided the relics ��of the burnt body����at all these places were built topes 

and monasteries�察�all of which are now existing。 

     In   the   city  the inhabitants   are   few   and   far between�察  �comprising   only 

the families belonging to the ��different�� societies of monks。 

     Going from this to the south´east for twelve yojanas�察�they came to the 

place where the Lichchhavis��10�А�wished to follow Buddha to ��the place of�� 

his   pari´nirvana�察 �and   where�察 �when   he   would not listen to them  and   they 

kept cleaving to him�察�unwilling to go away�察�he made to appear a large and 

deep ditch which they could not cross over�察�and gave them his alms´bowl�察�

as a pledge of his regard�察。�thus�� sending them back to their families。 There 

a stone pillar was erected with an account of this event engraved upon it。 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А�This was on the night when Sakyamuni finally left his palace and 

family to fulfil the course to which he felt that he was called。 Chandaka�察�in 

Pali   Channa�察  �was   the   prince's   charioteer�察  �and   in   sympathy   with   him。   So 

also    was   the   white    horse   Kanthaka     ��Kanthakanam        Asvaraja���察   �which 

neighed his delight till the devas heard him。 See M。 B。�察�pp。 158´161�察�and 

Davids' Manual�察�pp。 32�察�33。 According to ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 87�察�

the noble horse never returned to the city�察�but died of grief at being left by 

his   master�察  �to be   reborn immediately  in   the Trayastrimsas   heaven   as   the 

deva Kanthaka� �

     ��2�А  �Beal   and   Giles   call  this  the  ;Ashes;     tope。  I  also  would    have 

preferred to call it so�察�but the Chinese character is ��。���察�not ��。��。 Remusat 

has ;la tour des charbons。; It was over the place of Buddha's cremation。 

     ��3�А  �In   Pali   Kusinara。   It   got   its   name   from   the   Kusa   grass   ��the   /poa 

cynosuroides/���察�and its ruins are still extant�察�near Kusiah�察�180 N。W。 from 

Patna�察 �about�察─�says Davids�察 �120 miles N。N。E。 of Benares�察�and 80 miles 

due east of Kapilavastu。; 

     ��4�А�The Sala tree�察�the /Shorea robusta/�察�which yields the famous teak 

wood。 

     ��5�А�Confounded�察�according to Eitel�察�even by Hsuan´chwang�察�with the 

Hiranyavati�察�which flows past the city on the south。 

     ��6�А�A Brahman of Benares�察�said to have been 120 years old�察�who came 

to learn from Buddha the very night he died。 Ananda would have repulsed 

him�察�but Buddha ordered him to be introduced�察�and then putting aside the 

ingenious   but   unimportant   question   which   he   propounded�察  �preached   to 

him    the   Law。    The   Brahman      was    converted    and    attained   at  once   to 

Arhatship。   Eitel   says   that   he   attained   to   nirvana   a   few   moments   before 

Sakyamuni�察      �but   see   the   full  account    of  him    and   his  conversion      in 

;Buddhist Suttas�察─�p。 103´110。 

     ��7�А  �Thus   treating   the   dead   Buddha   as   if   he   had   been   a   Chakravartti 

king。 Hardy's M。 B。�察�p。 347�察�says�此�For the place of cremation�察�the princes 

��of Kusinara�� offered their own coronation´hall�察�which was decorated with 

the    utmost    magnificence�察     �and   the   body    was   deposited     in  a  golden 



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sarcophagus。; See the account of a cremation which Fa´hien witnessed in 

Ceylon�察�chap。 xxxix。 

     ��8�А�The name Vajrapani is explained as ;he who holds in his hand the 

diamond   club   ��or   pestle=sceptre���察─  �which   is   one   of   the   many   names   of 

Indra   or   Sakra。   He   therefore�察  �that   great   protector   of   Buddhism�察  �would 

seem   to   be   intended   here�察  �but   the   difficulty   with   me   is   that   neither   in 

Hardy      nor   Rockhill�察    �nor    any   other    writer�察  �have    I   met    with   any 

manifestation of himself made by Indra o

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

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