a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及22何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
��21�А �Fa´hien does not say that he himself saw any of these white
elephants�察�nor does he speak of the lions as of any particular colour。 We
shall find by´and´by�察�in a note further on�察�that�察�to make them appear more
terrible�察�they are spoken of as ;black。;
101
´ Page 102´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XXIII
RAMA�察�AND ITS TOPE。
East from Buddha's birthplace�察�and at a distance of five yojanas�察�there
is a kingdom called Rama。��1�А�The king of this country�察 �having obtained
one portion of the relics of Buddha's body�撮�2�А �returned with it and built
over it a tope�察�named the Rama tope。 By the side of it there was a pool�察�
and in the pool a dragon�察�which constantly kept watch over ��the tope���察�and
presented offerings to it day and night。 When king Asoka came forth into
the world�察 �he wished to destroy the eight topes ��over the relics���察 �and to
build ��instead of them�� 84��000 topes。��3�А�After he had thrown down the
seven ��others���察�he wished next to destroy this tope。 But then the dragon
showed itself�察�took the king into its palace�撮�4�А�and when he had seen all
the things provided for offerings�察�it said to him�察 �If you are able with your
offerings to exceed these�察�you can destroy the tope�察�and take it all away。 I
will not contend with you。; The king�察�however�察�knew that such appliances
for offerings were not to be had anywhere in the world�察 �and thereupon
returned ��without carrying out his purpose��。
��Afterwards���察�the ground all about became overgrown with vegetation�察�
and there was nobody to sprinkle and sweep ��about the tope���察�but a herd of
elephants came regularly�察�which brought water with their trunks to water
the ground�察 �and various kinds of flowers and incense�察 �which they
presented at the tope。 ��Once�� there came from one of the kingdoms a
devotee��5�А�to worship at the tope。 When he encountered the elephants he
was greatly alarmed�察�and screened himself among the trees�察�but when he
saw them go through with the offerings in the most proper manner�察 �the
thought filled him with great sadnessthat there should be no monastery
here�察。�the inmates of which�� might serve the tope�察�but the elephants have
to do the watering and sweeping。 Forthwith he gave up the great
prohibitions ��by which he was bound���撮�6�А �and resumed the status of a
Sramanera。��7�А�With his own hands he cleared away the grass and trees�察�put
the place in good order�察�and made it pure and clean。 By the power of his
exhortations�察�he prevailed on the king of the country to form a residence
for monks�察�and when that was done�察�he became head of the monastery。 At
102
´ Page 103´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
the present day there are monks residing in it。 This event is of recent
occurrence�察 �but in all the succession from that time till now�察 �there has
always been a Sramanera head of the establishment。
103
´ Page 104´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
NOTES
��1�А�Rama or Ramagrama�察�between Kapilavastu and Kusanagara。
��2�А�See the account of the eightfold division of the relics of Buddha's
body in the Sacred Books of the East�察�vol。 xi�察�Buddhist Suttas�察�pp。 133´
136。
��3�А�The bones of the human body are supposed to consist of 84��000
atoms�察�and hence the legend of Asoka's wish to build 84��000 topes�察 �one
over each atom of Sakyamuni's skeleton。
��4�А�Fa´hien�察�it appears to me�察�intended his readers to understand that
the naga´guardian had a palace of his own�察�inside or underneath the pool
or tank。
��5�А �It stands out on the narrative as a whole that we have not here
;some pilgrims�察─�but one devotee。
��6�А�What the ;great prohibitions; which the devotee now gave up were
we cannot tell。 Being what he was�察�a monk of more than ordinary ascetical
habits�察�he may have undertaken peculiar and difficult vows。
��7�А�The Sramanera�察�or in Chinese Shamei。 See chap。 xvi�察�note 19。
104
´ Page 105´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XXIV
WHERE BUDDHA FINALLY RENOUNCED THE WORLD�察�AND
WHERE HE DIED。
East from here four yojanas�察�there is the place where the heir´ apparent
sent back Chandaka�察 �with his white horse�撮�1�А �and there also a tope was
erected。
Four yojanas to the east from this�察。�the travellers�� came to the Charcoal
tope�撮�2�А�where there is also a monastery。
Going on twelve yojanas�察 �still to the east�察 �they came to the city of
Kusanagara�撮�3�А�on the north of which�察�between two trees�撮�4�А�on the bank
of the Nairanjana��5�А �river�察 �is the place where the World´honoured one�察�
with his head to the north�察�attained to pari´nirvana ��and died��。 There also
are the places where Subhadra�撮�6�А �the last ��of his converts���察 �attained to
Wisdom ��and became an Arhat���察 �where in his coffin of gold they made
offerings to the World´honoured one for seven days�撮�7�А �where the
Vajrapani laid aside his golden club�撮�8�А �and where the eight kings��9�А�
divided the relics ��of the burnt body����at all these places were built topes
and monasteries�察�all of which are now existing。
In the city the inhabitants are few and far between�察 �comprising only
the families belonging to the ��different�� societies of monks。
Going from this to the south´east for twelve yojanas�察�they came to the
place where the Lichchhavis��10�А�wished to follow Buddha to ��the place of��
his pari´nirvana�察 �and where�察 �when he would not listen to them and they
kept cleaving to him�察�unwilling to go away�察�he made to appear a large and
deep ditch which they could not cross over�察�and gave them his alms´bowl�察�
as a pledge of his regard�察。�thus�� sending them back to their families。 There
a stone pillar was erected with an account of this event engraved upon it。
105
´ Page 106´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
NOTES
��1�А�This was on the night when Sakyamuni finally left his palace and
family to fulfil the course to which he felt that he was called。 Chandaka�察�in
Pali Channa�察 �was the prince's charioteer�察 �and in sympathy with him。 So
also was the white horse Kanthaka ��Kanthakanam Asvaraja���察 �which
neighed his delight till the devas heard him。 See M。 B。�察�pp。 158´161�察�and
Davids' Manual�察�pp。 32�察�33。 According to ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 87�察�
the noble horse never returned to the city�察�but died of grief at being left by
his master�察 �to be reborn immediately in the Trayastrimsas heaven as the
deva Kanthaka� �
��2�А �Beal and Giles call this the ;Ashes; tope。 I also would have
preferred to call it so�察�but the Chinese character is ��。���察�not ��。��。 Remusat
has ;la tour des charbons。; It was over the place of Buddha's cremation。
��3�А �In Pali Kusinara。 It got its name from the Kusa grass ��the /poa
cynosuroides/���察�and its ruins are still extant�察�near Kusiah�察�180 N。W。 from
Patna�察 �about�察─�says Davids�察 �120 miles N。N。E。 of Benares�察�and 80 miles
due east of Kapilavastu。;
��4�А�The Sala tree�察�the /Shorea robusta/�察�which yields the famous teak
wood。
��5�А�Confounded�察�according to Eitel�察�even by Hsuan´chwang�察�with the
Hiranyavati�察�which flows past the city on the south。
��6�А�A Brahman of Benares�察�said to have been 120 years old�察�who came
to learn from Buddha the very night he died。 Ananda would have repulsed
him�察�but Buddha ordered him to be introduced�察�and then putting aside the
ingenious but unimportant question which he propounded�察 �preached to
him the Law。 The Brahman was converted and attained at once to
Arhatship。 Eitel says that he attained to nirvana a few moments before
Sakyamuni�察 �but see the full account of him and his conversion in
;Buddhist Suttas�察─�p。 103´110。
��7�А �Thus treating the dead Buddha as if he had been a Chakravartti
king。 Hardy's M。 B。�察�p。 347�察�says�此�For the place of cremation�察�the princes
��of Kusinara�� offered their own coronation´hall�察�which was decorated with
the utmost magnificence�察 �and the body was deposited in a golden
106
´ Page 107´
A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
sarcophagus。; See the account of a cremation which Fa´hien witnessed in
Ceylon�察�chap。 xxxix。
��8�А�The name Vajrapani is explained as ;he who holds in his hand the
diamond club ��or pestle=sceptre���察─ �which is one of the many names of
Indra or Sakra。 He therefore�察 �that great protector of Buddhism�察 �would
seem to be intended here�察 �but the difficulty with me is that neither in
Hardy nor Rockhill�察 �nor any other writer�察 �have I met with any
manifestation of himself made by Indra o