a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及23何蛍
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
manifestation of himself made by Indra on this occasion。 The princes of
Kusanagara were called mallas�察 �strong or mighty heroes�察─ �so also were
those of Pava and Vaisali�察�and a question arises whether the language may
not refer to some story which Fa´hien had heard�察�something which they
did on this great occasion。 Vajrapani is also explained as meaning ;the
diamond mighty hero�察─�but the epithet of ;diamond; is not so applicable to
them as to Indra。 The clause may hereafter obtain more elucidation。
��9�А�Of Kusanagara�察�Pava�察�Vaisali�察�and other kingdoms。 Kings�察�princes�察�
brahmans��each wanted the whole relic�察 �but they agreed to an eightfold
division at the suggestion of the brahman Drona。
��10�А�These ;strong heroes; were the chiefs of Vaisali�察�a kingdom and
city�察 �with an oligarchical constitution。 They embraced Buddhism early�察�
and were noted for their peculiar attachment to Buddha。 The second synod
was held at Vaisali�察�as related in the next chapter。 The ruins of the city still
exist at Bassahar�察�north of Patna�察�the same�察�I suppose�察�as Besarh�察�twenty
miles north of Hajipur。 See Beal's Revised Version�察�p。 lii。
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CHAPTER XXV
VAISALI。 THE TOPE CALLED ;WEAPONS LAID DOWN。; THE
COUNCIL OF VAISALI。
East from this city ten yojanas�察。�the travellers�� came to the kingdom of
Vaisali。 North of the city so named is a large forest�察 �having in it the
double´galleried vihara��1�А�where Buddha dwelt�察�and the tope over half the
body of Ananda。��2�А�Inside the city the woman Ambapali��3�А�built a vihara
in honour of Buddha�察 �which is now standing as it was at first。 Three le
south of the city�察�on the west of the road�察。�is the�� garden ��which�� the same
Ambapali presented to Buddha�察�in which he might reside。 When Buddha
was about to attain to his pari´nirvana�察�as he was quitting the city by the
west gate�察 �he turned round�察 �and�察 �beholding the city on his right�察 �said to
them�察 �Here I have taken my last walk。;��4�А�Men subsequently built a tope
at this spot。
Three le north´west of the city there is a tope called�察 �Bows and
weapons laid down。; The reason why it got that name was this��The
inferior wife of a king�察�whose country lay along the river Ganges�察�brought
forth from her womb a ball of flesh。 The superior wife�察�jealous of the other�察�
said�察 �You have brought forth a thing of evil omen�察─�and immediately it
was put into a box of wood and thrown into the river。 Farther down the
stream another king was walking and looking about�察 �when he saw the
wooden box ��floating�� in the water。 ��He had it brought to him���察�opened it�察�
and found a thousand little boys�察 �upright and complete�察 �and each one
different from the others。 He took them and had them brought up。 They
grew tall and large�察�and very daring�察�and strong�察�crushing all opposition in
every expedition which they undertook。 By and by they attacked the
kingdom of their real father�察 �who became in consequence greatly
distressed and sad。 His inferior wife asked what it was that made him so�察�
and he replied�察 �That king has a thousand sons�察�daring and strong beyond
compare�察 �and he wishes with them to attack my kingdom�察 �this is what
makes me sad。; The wife said�察 �You need not be sad and sorrowful。 Only
make a high gallery on the wall of the city on the east�察 �and when the
thieves come�察�I shall be able to make them retire。; The king did as she said�察�
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and when the enemies came�察�she said to them from the tower�察 �You are my
sons�察�why are you acting so unnaturally and rebelliously�拭─�They replied�察�
;If you do not believe me�察─�she said�察 �look�察�all of you�察�towards me�察�and
open your mouths。; She then pressed her breasts with her two hands�察�and
each sent forth 500 jets of milk�察�which fell into the mouths of the thousand
sons。 The thieves ��thus�� knew that she was their mother�察 �and laid down
their bows and weapons。��5�А�The two kings�察�the fathers�察�thereupon fell into
reflection�察�and both got to be Pratyeka Buddhas。��6�А�The tope of the two
Pratyeka Buddhas is still existing。
In a subsequent age�察 �when the World´honoured one had attained to
perfect Wisdom ��and become Buddha���察�he said to is disciples�察 �This is the
place where I in a former age laid down my bow and weapons。;��7�А�It was
thus that subsequently men got to know ��the fact���察�and raised the tope on
this spot�察 �which in this way received its name。 The thousand little boys
were the thousand Buddhas of this Bhadra´kalpa。��8�А�
It was by the side of the ;Weapons´laid´down; tope that Buddha�察�
having given up the idea of living longer�察�said to Ananda�察 �In three months
from this I will attain to pavi´nirvana�察─�and king Mara��9�А�had so fascinated
and stupefied Ananda�察�that he was not able to ask Buddha to remain longer
in this world。
Three or four le east from this place there is a tope ��commemorating
the following occurrence����A hundred years after the pari´nirvana of
Buddha�察 �some Bhikshus of Vaisali went wrong in the matter of the
disciplinary rules in ten particulars�察�and appealed for their justification to
what they said were the words of Buddha。 Hereupon the Arhats and
Bhikshus observant of the rules�察 �to the number in all of 700 monks�察�
examined afresh and collated the collection of disciplinary books。��10�А�
Subsequently men built at this place the tope ��in question���察�which is still
existing。
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NOTES
��1�А�It is difficult to tell what was the peculiar form of this vihara from
which it gets its name�察 �something about the construction of its door�察 �or
cupboards�察�or galleries。
��2�А�See the explanation of this in the next chapter。
��3�А �Ambapali�察 �Amrapali�察 �or Amradarika�察 �the guardian of the Amra
��probably the mango�� tree�察─�is famous in Buddhist annals。 See the account
of her in M。 B。�察�pp。 456´8。 She was a courtesan。 She had been in many
narakas or hells�察�was 100��000 times a female beggar�察�and 10��000 times a
prostitute�察 �but maintaining perfect continence during the period of
Kasyapa Buddha�察�Sakyamuni's predecessor�察�she had been born a devi�察�and
finally appeared in earth under an Amra tree in Vaisali。 There again she
fell into her old ways�察�and had a son by king Bimbisara�察�but she was won
over by Buddha to virtue and chastity�察�renounced the world�察�and attained
to the state of an Arhat。 See the earliest account of Ambapali's presentation
of the garden in ;Buddhist Suttas�察─ �pp。 30´33�察 �and the note there from
Bishop Bigandet on pp。 33�察�34。
��4�А�Beal gives�察 �In this place I have performed the last religious act of
my earthly career�察─�Giles�察 �This is the last place I shall visit�察─ �Remusat�察�
;C'est un lieu ou je reviendrai bien longtemps apres ceci。; Perhaps the
;walk; to which Buddha referred had been for meditation。
��5�А�See the account of this legend in the note in M。 B。�察�pp。 235�察�236�察�
different�察�but not less absurd。 The first part of Fa´hien's narrative will have
sent the thoughts of some of my readers to the exposure of the infant
Moses�察�as related in Exodus。 ��Certainly did。JB。�А�
��6�А�See chap。 xiii�察�note 14。
��7�А �Thus Sakyamuni had been one of the thousand little boys who
floated in the box in the Ganges。 How long back the former age was we
cannot tell。 I suppose the tope of the two fathers who became Pratyeka
Buddhas had been built like the one commemorating the laying down of
weapons after Buddha had told his disciples of the strange events in the
past。
��8�А�Bhadra´kalpa�察 �the Kalpa of worthies or sages。; ;This�察─�says Eitel�察�
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p。 22�察 �is a designation for a Kalpa of stability�察 �so called because 1000
Buddhas appear in the course of it。 Our present period is a Bhadra´kalpa�察�
and four Buddhas have already appeared。 It is to last 236 million years�察�
but over 151 millions have already elapsed。;
��9�А �The king of demons。; The name Mara is explained by ;the
murderer�察─ �the destroyer of virtue�察─�and similar appellations。 ;He is�察─�says
Eitel�察 �the personification of lust�察�the god of love�察�sin�察�and death�察�the arch´
enemy of goodness�察�residing in the heaven Paranirmita Vasavartin on the
top of the Kamadhatu。 He assumes different forms�察�especially monstrous
ones�察 �to tempt or frighten the saints�察 �or sends his daughters�察 �or inspires
wicked men like Devadatta or the Nirgranthas to do his work。 He is often
represented with 100 arms�察�and riding on an elephant。; The oldest form of
the legend in this paragraph is in ;Buddhist Suttas�察─�Sacred Books of the
East�察�vol。 xi�察�pp。 41´55�察�where Buddha says that�察�if Ananda had asked him