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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及23何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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manifestation of himself made by Indra on this occasion。 The princes of 

Kusanagara were called   mallas�察  �strong or mighty  heroes�察─  �so   also   were 

those of Pava and Vaisali�察�and a question arises whether the language may 

not refer to some story which Fa´hien had heard�察�something which they 

did   on   this   great   occasion。   Vajrapani   is   also   explained   as   meaning   ;the 

diamond mighty hero�察─�but the epithet of ;diamond; is not so applicable to 

them as to Indra。 The clause may hereafter obtain more elucidation。 

     ��9�А�Of Kusanagara�察�Pava�察�Vaisali�察�and other kingdoms。 Kings�察�princes�察�

brahmans��each wanted   the whole  relic�察  �but they  agreed to   an   eightfold 

division at the suggestion of the brahman Drona。 

     ��10�А�These ;strong heroes; were the chiefs of Vaisali�察�a kingdom and 

city�察  �with   an   oligarchical   constitution。   They   embraced   Buddhism   early�察�

and were noted for their peculiar attachment to Buddha。 The second synod 

was held at Vaisali�察�as related in the next chapter。 The ruins of the city still 

exist at Bassahar�察�north of Patna�察�the same�察�I suppose�察�as Besarh�察�twenty 

miles north of Hajipur。 See Beal's Revised Version�察�p。 lii。 



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                            CHAPTER XXV 



     VAISALI。 THE TOPE   CALLED   ;WEAPONS   LAID   DOWN。; THE 

COUNCIL OF VAISALI。 

     East from this city ten yojanas�察。�the travellers�� came to the kingdom of 

Vaisali。   North   of   the   city   so   named   is   a   large   forest�察  �having   in   it   the 

double´galleried vihara��1�А�where Buddha dwelt�察�and the tope over half the 

body of Ananda。��2�А�Inside the city the woman Ambapali��3�А�built a vihara 

in honour   of   Buddha�察  �which   is   now  standing  as   it   was   at   first。 Three   le 

south of the city�察�on the west of the road�察。�is the�� garden ��which�� the same 

Ambapali presented to Buddha�察�in which he might reside。 When Buddha 

was about to attain to his pari´nirvana�察�as he was quitting the city by the 

west   gate�察  �he   turned   round�察  �and�察  �beholding   the   city  on   his   right�察  �said   to 

them�察 �Here I have taken my last walk。;��4�А�Men subsequently built a tope 

at this spot。 

     Three   le   north´west   of   the   city   there   is   a   tope   called�察   �Bows   and 

weapons   laid   down。;   The   reason   why   it   got   that   name   was   this��The 

inferior wife of a king�察�whose country lay along the river Ganges�察�brought 

forth from her womb a ball of flesh。 The superior wife�察�jealous of the other�察�

said�察 �You have brought forth a thing of evil omen�察─�and immediately  it 

was put into a box of wood and thrown into the river。 Farther down the 

stream   another   king   was   walking   and   looking   about�察  �when   he   saw   the 

wooden box ��floating�� in the water。 ��He had it brought to him���察�opened it�察�

and   found   a   thousand   little   boys�察  �upright   and   complete�察  �and   each   one 

different from  the others。  He took them and   had them  brought up。 They 

grew tall and large�察�and very daring�察�and strong�察�crushing all opposition in 

every     expedition    which    they   undertook。     By   and   by   they   attacked    the 

kingdom       of   their   real  father�察  �who     became     in   consequence       greatly 

distressed and sad。 His inferior wife asked what it was that made him so�察�

and he replied�察 �That king has a thousand sons�察�daring and strong beyond 

compare�察  �and   he   wishes   with   them   to   attack   my   kingdom�察  �this   is   what 

makes me sad。; The wife said�察 �You need not be sad and sorrowful。 Only 

make   a   high   gallery   on   the   wall   of   the   city   on   the   east�察  �and   when   the 

thieves come�察�I shall be able to make them retire。; The king did as she said�察�



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and when the enemies came�察�she said to them from the tower�察 �You are my 

sons�察�why are you acting so unnaturally and rebelliously�拭─�They replied�察�

;If you do not believe me�察─�she said�察 �look�察�all of you�察�towards me�察�and 

open your mouths。; She then pressed her breasts with her two hands�察�and 

each sent forth 500 jets of milk�察�which fell into the mouths of the thousand 

sons。 The   thieves   ��thus��   knew   that   she   was   their   mother�察  �and   laid   down 

their bows and weapons。��5�А�The two kings�察�the fathers�察�thereupon fell into 

reflection�察�and both got to be   Pratyeka Buddhas。��6�А�The tope of the two 

Pratyeka Buddhas is still existing。 

     In   a   subsequent   age�察  �when   the   World´honoured   one   had   attained   to 

perfect Wisdom ��and become Buddha���察�he said to is disciples�察 �This is the 

place where I in a former age laid down my bow and weapons。;��7�А�It was 

thus that subsequently men got to know ��the fact���察�and raised the tope on 

this   spot�察  �which   in   this   way  received   its   name。 The   thousand   little   boys 

were the thousand Buddhas of this Bhadra´kalpa。��8�А�

     It   was   by   the   side   of   the   ;Weapons´laid´down;   tope   that     Buddha�察�

having given up the idea of living longer�察�said to Ananda�察 �In three months 

from this I will attain to pavi´nirvana�察─�and king Mara��9�А�had so fascinated 

and stupefied Ananda�察�that he was not able to ask Buddha to remain longer 

in this world。 

     Three or four le east from this place there is a tope ��commemorating 

the    following    occurrence����A   hundred        years    after  the  pari´nirvana     of 

Buddha�察     �some    Bhikshus      of  Vaisali   went    wrong    in   the  matter    of  the 

disciplinary rules in ten particulars�察�and appealed for their justification to 

what     they   said  were    the  words    of  Buddha。     Hereupon      the  Arhats    and 

Bhikshus   observant   of       the   rules�察 �to   the   number   in   all  of   700  monks�察�

examined   afresh   and   collated   the   collection   of   disciplinary   books。��10�А�

Subsequently men built at this place the tope ��in question���察�which is still 

existing。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А�It is difficult to tell what was the peculiar form of this vihara from 

which   it   gets   its   name�察  �something   about   the   construction   of   its   door�察  �or 

cupboards�察�or galleries。 

     ��2�А�See the explanation of this in the next chapter。 

     ��3�А  �Ambapali�察  �Amrapali�察  �or   Amradarika�察   �the   guardian   of   the   Amra 

��probably the mango�� tree�察─�is famous in Buddhist annals。 See the account 

of her in M。 B。�察�pp。 456´8。 She   was a courtesan。 She had been in   many 

narakas or hells�察�was 100��000 times a female beggar�察�and 10��000 times a 

prostitute�察    �but   maintaining      perfect   continence      during    the   period    of 

Kasyapa Buddha�察�Sakyamuni's predecessor�察�she had been born a devi�察�and 

finally appeared in   earth under   an Amra tree   in Vaisali。 There   again   she 

fell into her old ways�察�and had a son by king Bimbisara�察�but she was won 

over by Buddha to virtue and chastity�察�renounced the world�察�and attained 

to the state of an Arhat。 See the earliest account of Ambapali's presentation 

of   the   garden   in   ;Buddhist   Suttas�察─  �pp。   30´33�察  �and   the   note   there   from 

Bishop Bigandet on pp。 33�察�34。 

     ��4�А�Beal gives�察 �In this place I have performed the last religious act of 

my earthly  career�察─�Giles�察   �This is   the last   place I   shall visit�察─  �Remusat�察�

;C'est   un   lieu   ou   je   reviendrai   bien   longtemps   apres   ceci。;   Perhaps   the 

;walk; to which Buddha referred had been for meditation。 

     ��5�А�See the account of this legend in the note in M。 B。�察�pp。 235�察�236�察�

different�察�but not less absurd。 The first part of Fa´hien's narrative will have 

sent   the   thoughts   of   some   of   my   readers   to   the   exposure   of   the   infant 

Moses�察�as related in Exodus。 ��Certainly did。JB。�А�

     ��6�А�See chap。 xiii�察�note 14。 

     ��7�А  �Thus   Sakyamuni   had   been   one   of   the   thousand   little   boys   who 

floated in the box in the Ganges。 How long back the former age was we 

cannot   tell。   I   suppose   the   tope   of   the   two   fathers   who   became   Pratyeka 

Buddhas had been built like the one commemorating the laying down of 

weapons after Buddha had told his disciples of the strange events in the 

past。 

     ��8�А�Bhadra´kalpa�察 �the Kalpa of worthies or sages。; ;This�察─�says Eitel�察�



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p。   22�察   �is   a   designation   for   a   Kalpa   of   stability�察  �so   called   because   1000 

Buddhas appear in the course of it。 Our present period is a Bhadra´kalpa�察�

and four   Buddhas have   already appeared。  It   is to   last 236   million   years�察�

but over 151 millions have already elapsed。; 

     ��9�А   �The    king   of   demons。;     The    name    Mara    is  explained     by   ;the 

murderer�察─ �the destroyer of virtue�察─�and similar appellations。 ;He is�察─�says 

Eitel�察 �the personification of lust�察�the god of love�察�sin�察�and death�察�the arch´ 

enemy of goodness�察�residing in the heaven Paranirmita Vasavartin on the 

top of the Kamadhatu。 He assumes different forms�察�especially monstrous 

ones�察  �to   tempt   or   frighten   the   saints�察  �or   sends   his   daughters�察  �or   inspires 

wicked men like Devadatta or the Nirgranthas to do his work。 He is often 

represented with 100 arms�察�and riding on an elephant。; The oldest form of 

the legend in this paragraph is in ;Buddhist Suttas�察─�Sacred Books of the 

East�察�vol。 xi�察�pp。 41´55�察�where Buddha says that�察�if Ananda had asked him 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

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