a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及24何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
the legend in this paragraph is in ;Buddhist Suttas�察─�Sacred Books of the
East�察�vol。 xi�察�pp。 41´55�察�where Buddha says that�察�if Ananda had asked him
thrice�察�he would have postponed his death。
��10�А�Or the Vinaya´pitaka。 The meeting referred to was an important
one�察 �and is generally spoken of as the second Great Council of the
Buddhist Church。 See�察�on the formation of the Buddhist Canon�察�Hardy's E。
M。�察�chap。 xviii�察�and the last chapter of Davids' Manual�察�on the History of
the Order。 The first Council was that held at Rajagriha�察 �shortly after
Buddha's death�察 �under the presidency of Kasyapa��say about B。C。 410。
The second was that spoken of here��say about B。C。 300。 In Davids'
Manual ��p。 216�� we find the ten points of discipline�察�in which the heretics
��I can use that term here�� claimed at least indulgence。 Two meetings were
held to consider and discuss them。 At the former the orthodox party barely
succeeded in carrying their condemnation of the laxer monks�察 �and a
second and larger meeting�察 �of which Fa´hien speaks�察 �was held in
consequence�察 �and a more emphatic condemnation passed。 At the same
time all the books and subjects of discipline seem to have undergone a
careful revision。
The Corean text is clearer than the Chinese as to those who composed
the Council��the Arhats and orthodox monks。 The leader among them was
a Yasas�察 �or Yasada�察 �or Yedsaputtra�察 �who had been a disciple of Ananda�察�
and must therefore have been a very old man。
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CHAPTER XXVI
REMARKABLE DEATH OF ANANDA。
Four yojanas on from this place to the east brought the travellers to the
confluence of the five rivers。��1�А�When Ananda was going from Magadha��2�А�
to Vaisali�察 �wishing his pari´nirvana to take place ��there���察 �the devas
informed king Ajatasatru��3�А�of it�察�and the king immediately pursued him�察�
in his own grand carriage�察 �with a body of soldiers�察 �and had reached the
river。 ��On the other hand���察 �the Lichchhavis of Vaisali had heard that
Amanda was coming ��to their city���察�and they on their part came to meet
him。 ��In this way���察 �they all arrived together at the river�察 �and Ananda
considered that�察�if he went forward�察�king Ajatasatru would be very angry�察�
while�察 �if he went back�察 �the Lichchhavis would resent his conduct。 He
thereupon in the very middle of the river burnt his body in a fiery ecstasy
of Samadhi�撮�4�А �and his pari´nirvana was attained。 He divided his body
��also�� into two�察。�leaving�� the half of it on each bank�察�so that each of the
two kings got one half as a ��sacred�� relic�察 �and took it back ��to his own
capital���察�and there raised a tope over it。
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NOTES
��1�А�This spot does not appear to have been identified。 It could not be
far from Patna。
��2�А �Magadha was for some time the headquarters of Buddhism�察 �the
holy land�察�covered with viharas�察�a fact perpetuated�察�as has been observed
in a previous note�察�in the name of the present Behar�察�the southern portion
of which corresponds to the ancient kingdom of Magadha。
��3�А�In Singhalese�察�Ajasat。 See the account of his conversion in M。 B。�察�
pp。 321´326。 He was the son of king Bimbisara�察�who was one of the first
royal converts to Buddhism。 Ajasat murdered his father�察 �or at least
wrought his death�察�and was at first opposed to Sakyamuni�察�and a favourer
of Devadatta。 When converted�察 �he became famous for his liberality in
almsgiving。
��4�А�Eitel has a long article ��pp。 114�察�115�� on the meaning of Samadhi�察�
which is one of the seven sections of wisdom ��bodhyanga��。 Hardy defines
it as meaning ;perfect tranquillity�察─�Turnour�察�as ;meditative abstraction�察─�
Burnouf�察 �as ;self´control�察─ �and Edkins�察 �as ;ecstatic reverie。; ;Samadhi�察─�
says Eitel�察 �signifies the highest pitch of abstract�察 �ecstatic meditation�察 �a
state of absolute indifference to all influences from within or without�察 �a
state of torpor of both the material and spiritual forces of vitality�察�a sort of
terrestrial nirvana�察�consistently culminating in total destruction of life。; He
then quotes apparently the language of the text�察 �He consumed his body by
Agni ��the fire of�� Samadhi�察─�and says it is ;a common expression for the
effects of such ecstatic�察�ultra´mystic self´annihilation。; All this is simply
;a darkening of counsel by words without knowledge。; Some facts
concerning the death of Ananda are hidden beneath the darkness of the
phraseology�察�which it is impossible for us to ascertain。 By or in Samadhi
he burns his body in the very middle of the river�察�and then he divides the
relic of the burnt body into two parts ��for so evidently Fa´hien intended his
narration to be taken���察�and leaves one half on each bank。 The account of
Ananda's death in Nien´ch'ang's ;History of Buddha and the Patriarchs; is
much more extravagant。 Crowds of men and devas are brought together to
witness it。 The body is divided into four parts。 One is conveyed to the
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Tushita heaven�察�a second�察�to the palace of a certain Naga king�察�a third is
given to Ajatasatru�察�and the fourth to the Lichchhavis。 What it all really
means I cannot tell。
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CHAPTER XXVII
PATALIPUTTRA OR PATNA�察 �IN MAGADHA。 KING ASOKA'S
SPIRIT´BUILT PALACE AND HALLS。 THE BUDDHIST BRAHMAN�察�
RADHA´SAMI。 DISPENSARIES AND HOSPITALS。
Having crossed the river�察 �and descended south for a yojana�察 。�the
travellers�� came to the town of Pataliputtra�撮�1�А�in the kingdom of Magadha�察�
the city where king Asoka��2�А�ruled。 The royal palace and halls in the midst
of the city�察�which exist now as of old�察�were all made by spirits which he
employed�察�and which piled up the stones�察�reared the walls and gates�察�and
executed the elegant carving and inlaid sculpture´work��in a way which
no human hands of this world could accomplish。
King Asoka had a younger brother who had attained to be an Arhat�察�
and resided on Gridhra´kuta��3�А �hill�察 �finding his delight in solitude and
quiet。 The king�察�who sincerely reverenced him�察�wished and begged him ��to
come and live�� in his family�察 �where he could supply all his wants。 The
other�察�however�察 �through his delight in the stillness of the mountain�察 �was
unwilling to accept the invitation�察�on which the king said to him�察 �Only
accept my invitation�察 �and I will make a hill for you inside the city。;
Accordingly�察�he provided the materials of a feast�察�called to him the spirits�察�
and announced to them�察 �To´morrow you will all receive my invitation�察�
but as there are no mats for you to sit on�察 �let each one bring ��his own
seat��。; Next day the spirits came�察�each one bringing with him a great rock�察�
��like�� a wall�察�four or five paces square�察。�for a seat��。 When their sitting was
over�察�the king made them form a hill with the large stones piled on one
another�察�and also at the foot of the hill�察�with five large square stones�察�to
make an apartment�察�which might be more than thirty cubits long�察�twenty
cubits wide�察�and more than ten cubits high。
In this city there had resided a great Brahman�撮�4�А �named Radha´
sami�撮�5�А �a professor of the mahayana�察 �of clear discernment and much
wisdom�察�who understood everything�察�living by himself in spotless purity。
The king of the country honoured and reverenced him�察�and served him as
his teacher。 If he went to inquire for and greet him�察 �the king did not
presume to sit down alongside of him�察�and if�察�in his love and reverence�察�he
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took hold of his hand�察�as soon as he let it go�察�the Brahman made haste to
pour water on it and wash it。 He might be more than fifty years old�察�and all
the kingdom looked up to him。 By means of this one man�察 �the Law of
Buddha was widely made known�察�and the followers of other doctrines did
not find it in their power to persecute the body of monks in any way。
By the side of the tope of Asoka�察 �there has been made a mahayana
monastery�察�very grand and beautiful�察�there is also a hinayana one�察�the two
together containing six or seven hundred monks。 The rules of demeanour
and the scholastic arrangements��6�А�in them are worthy of observation。
Shamans of the highest virtue from all quarters�察�and students�察�inquirers
wishing to find out truth and the grounds of it�察 �all resort to these
monasteries。 There also resides in this monastery a