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及24何蛍

a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及24何蛍

弌傍�� a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




the legend in this paragraph is in ;Buddhist Suttas�察─�Sacred Books of the 

East�察�vol。 xi�察�pp。 41´55�察�where Buddha says that�察�if Ananda had asked him 

thrice�察�he would have postponed his death。 

     ��10�А�Or the Vinaya´pitaka。 The meeting referred to was an important 

one�察   �and   is  generally    spoken     of  as   the  second    Great    Council     of  the 

Buddhist Church。 See�察�on the formation of the Buddhist Canon�察�Hardy's E。 

M。�察�chap。 xviii�察�and the last chapter of Davids' Manual�察�on the History of 

the   Order。    The   first  Council     was   that  held   at  Rajagriha�察    �shortly   after 

Buddha's   death�察  �under   the   presidency   of   Kasyapa��say   about   B。C。   410。 

The   second   was   that   spoken   of   here��say   about   B。C。   300。   In   Davids' 

Manual ��p。 216�� we find the ten points of discipline�察�in which the heretics 

��I can use that term here�� claimed at least indulgence。 Two meetings were 

held to consider and discuss them。 At the former the orthodox party barely 

succeeded       in  carrying    their  condemnation        of  the   laxer  monks�察    �and    a 

second      and    larger   meeting�察    �of  which     Fa´hien     speaks�察   �was    held   in 

consequence�察  �and   a   more   emphatic   condemnation   passed。   At   the   same 

time   all   the   books   and   subjects   of   discipline   seem   to   have   undergone   a 

careful revision。 

     The Corean text is clearer than the Chinese as to those who composed 

the Council��the Arhats and orthodox monks。 The leader among them was 

a Yasas�察 �or Yasada�察 �or Yedsaputtra�察  �who   had   been   a   disciple   of Ananda�察�

and must therefore have been a very old man。 



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                          CHAPTER XXVI 



     REMARKABLE DEATH OF ANANDA。 

     Four yojanas on from this place to the east brought the travellers to the 

confluence of the five rivers。��1�А�When Ananda was going from Magadha��2�А�

to   Vaisali�察  �wishing     his  pari´nirvana     to  take   place   ��there���察  �the  devas 

informed king Ajatasatru��3�А�of it�察�and the king immediately pursued him�察�

in his   own   grand   carriage�察 �with   a  body  of   soldiers�察 �and   had   reached   the 

river。   ��On   the   other  hand���察   �the  Lichchhavis     of  Vaisali   had   heard   that 

Amanda was coming ��to their city���察�and they on their part came to meet 

him。   ��In   this   way���察  �they   all   arrived   together   at   the   river�察  �and   Ananda 

considered that�察�if he went forward�察�king Ajatasatru would be very angry�察�

while�察  �if   he   went   back�察  �the   Lichchhavis   would   resent   his   conduct。   He 

thereupon in the very middle of the river burnt his body in a fiery ecstasy 

of   Samadhi�撮�4�А  �and   his   pari´nirvana   was   attained。   He   divided   his   body 

��also�� into two�察。�leaving�� the half of it on each bank�察�so that each of the 

two   kings   got   one  half   as   a   ��sacred��   relic�察  �and   took   it   back   ��to   his   own 

capital���察�and there raised a tope over it。 



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                                          NOTES 



     ��1�А�This spot does not appear to have been identified。 It could not be 

far from Patna。 

     ��2�А  �Magadha   was   for   some   time   the   headquarters   of   Buddhism�察  �the 

holy land�察�covered with viharas�察�a fact perpetuated�察�as has been observed 

in a previous note�察�in the name of the present Behar�察�the southern portion 

of which corresponds to the ancient kingdom of Magadha。 

     ��3�А�In Singhalese�察�Ajasat。 See the account of his conversion in M。 B。�察�

pp。 321´326。 He was the son of king Bimbisara�察�who was one of the first 

royal    converts    to  Buddhism。       Ajasat   murdered      his  father�察  �or  at  least 

wrought his death�察�and was at first opposed to Sakyamuni�察�and a favourer 

of   Devadatta。   When   converted�察  �he   became   famous   for   his   liberality   in 

almsgiving。 

     ��4�А�Eitel has a long article ��pp。 114�察�115�� on the meaning of Samadhi�察�

which is one of the seven sections of wisdom ��bodhyanga��。 Hardy defines 

it as meaning ;perfect tranquillity�察─�Turnour�察�as ;meditative abstraction�察─�

Burnouf�察  �as   ;self´control�察─  �and   Edkins�察  �as   ;ecstatic   reverie。;   ;Samadhi�察─�

says   Eitel�察   �signifies   the   highest   pitch   of   abstract�察  �ecstatic   meditation�察  �a 

state of   absolute  indifference to   all   influences   from  within   or   without�察  �a 

state of torpor of both the material and spiritual forces of vitality�察�a sort of 

terrestrial nirvana�察�consistently culminating in total destruction of life。; He 

then quotes apparently the language of the text�察 �He consumed his body by 

Agni ��the fire of�� Samadhi�察─�and says it is ;a common expression for the 

effects of such ecstatic�察�ultra´mystic   self´annihilation。; All this is   simply 

;a    darkening     of  counsel    by   words     without    knowledge。;      Some     facts 

concerning   the   death   of Ananda   are   hidden   beneath   the   darkness   of   the 

phraseology�察�which it is impossible for us to ascertain。 By or in Samadhi 

he burns his body in the very middle of the river�察�and then he divides the 

relic of the burnt body into two parts ��for so evidently Fa´hien intended his 

narration to be taken���察�and leaves one half on each bank。 The account of 

Ananda's death in Nien´ch'ang's ;History of Buddha and the Patriarchs; is 

much more extravagant。 Crowds of men and devas are brought together to 

witness   it。   The   body   is   divided   into   four   parts。   One   is   conveyed   to   the 



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Tushita heaven�察�a second�察�to the palace of a certain Naga king�察�a third is 

given to Ajatasatru�察�and the fourth to the Lichchhavis。 What it all really 

means I cannot tell。 



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                         CHAPTER XXVII 



     PATALIPUTTRA            OR    PATNA�察     �IN  MAGADHA。           KING     ASOKA'S 

SPIRIT´BUILT PALACE AND HALLS。 THE BUDDHIST BRAHMAN�察�

RADHA´SAMI。 DISPENSARIES AND HOSPITALS。 

     Having     crossed    the  river�察 �and   descended     south   for   a  yojana�察  。�the 

travellers�� came to the town of Pataliputtra�撮�1�А�in the kingdom of Magadha�察�

the city where king Asoka��2�А�ruled。 The royal palace and halls in the midst 

of the city�察�which exist now as of old�察�were all made by spirits which he 

employed�察�and which piled up the stones�察�reared the walls and gates�察�and 

executed the elegant carving and inlaid sculpture´work��in a way which 

no human hands of this world could accomplish。 

     King Asoka had a younger brother   who had attained to be an Arhat�察�

and   resided   on   Gridhra´kuta��3�А  �hill�察  �finding   his   delight   in   solitude   and 

quiet。 The king�察�who sincerely reverenced him�察�wished and begged him ��to 

come   and   live��   in   his   family�察  �where   he   could   supply   all   his   wants。   The 

other�察�however�察 �through his   delight   in   the stillness   of   the   mountain�察  �was 

unwilling to   accept the  invitation�察�on   which the  king said   to him�察  �Only 

accept   my   invitation�察  �and   I   will   make   a   hill   for   you   inside   the   city。; 

Accordingly�察�he provided the materials of a feast�察�called to him the spirits�察�

and   announced   to   them�察   �To´morrow   you   will   all   receive   my   invitation�察�

but   as   there   are   no   mats   for   you   to   sit   on�察  �let   each   one   bring   ��his   own 

seat��。; Next day the spirits came�察�each one bringing with him a great rock�察�

��like�� a wall�察�four or five paces square�察。�for a seat��。 When their sitting was 

over�察�the king made them form a   hill with the large stones piled on one 

another�察�and also at the foot of the hill�察�with five large square stones�察�to 

make an apartment�察�which might be more than thirty cubits long�察�twenty 

cubits wide�察�and more than ten cubits high。 

     In   this  city  there  had   resided    a  great  Brahman�撮�4�А     �named     Radha´ 

sami�撮�5�А  �a   professor   of   the   mahayana�察  �of   clear   discernment   and   much 

wisdom�察�who understood everything�察�living by himself in spotless purity。 

The king of the country honoured and reverenced him�察�and served him as 

his   teacher。   If   he   went   to   inquire   for   and   greet   him�察  �the   king   did   not 

presume to sit down alongside of him�察�and if�察�in his love and reverence�察�he 



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took hold of his hand�察�as soon as he let it go�察�the Brahman made haste to 

pour water on it and wash it。 He might be more than fifty years old�察�and all 

the   kingdom   looked   up   to   him。   By   means   of   this   one   man�察  �the   Law   of 

Buddha was widely made known�察�and the followers of other doctrines did 

not find it in their power to persecute the body of monks in any way。 

     By   the   side   of   the   tope   of Asoka�察  �there   has   been   made   a   mahayana 

monastery�察�very grand and beautiful�察�there is also a hinayana one�察�the two 

together containing six or seven hundred monks。 The rules of demeanour 

and the scholastic arrangements��6�А�in them are worthy of observation。 

     Shamans of the highest virtue from all quarters�察�and students�察�inquirers 

wishing      to  find   out  truth   and   the   grounds     of  it�察 �all  resort  to  these 

monasteries。      There    also   resides   in  this  monastery   a   

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議